查询词典 restrains

Jeffrey Garten, once under-secretary of commerce in charge of international trade and then dean of Yale School of Management, said that a keiretsu restrains trade "because there is a very strong preference to do business only with someone in that family".

原商务部副部长，现任耶鲁大学管理学院院长的杰弗里-戈登认为集团公司遏制了贸易"因为他们有只和集团内的公司做生意的强烈倾向"。

The algorithm of new strain wave that will put forward through example and Lee filter wave, broad sense is various Xiang Jiaquan all is worth configuration filter wave and with all possible means the effect that Xiang Jiaquan all is worth configuration filter wave to undertake inhibition spot of be concerned with makes clear as a result quite, this algorithm restrains the noise in image effectively not only, and the geometrical structure feature that better land maintains image.

通过实例将提出的新滤波算法和Lee滤波、广义多方向加权均值形态滤波和多方向加权均值形态滤波进行抑制相干斑的效果比较结果表明，该算法不仅可以有效地抑制图像中的噪声，而且较好地保持图像的几何结构特征。

The following types of licensing practices have been found to be contrary to US antitrust law: Requiring a licensee to purchase separate unpatented products as a condition of obtaining the license for a patented product; Requiring mandatory package licensing; Forming a cartel through exclusive cross-licensing; Using a patent, trademark or trade secret as the basis for an agreement that restrains where, how or to whom a patented product is disposed of in the US after the licenser or licensee has sold the product to an independent purchaser; Agreeing in relation to a license that no further licenses will be granted to a third party without the licensee's consent; Requiring a licensee to adhere to any specified or minimum price for the licensee's sale of the licensed products; Insisting as a condition of the license that the licensee pay royalties in an amount not reasonably related to the licensee's sale of products covered by the licensed rights; Attempting to enforce a patent license or collect a royalty beyond the term of the patent (the same reasoning could apply to attempts to enforce or collect royalties on a license based on know-how that has entered the public domain); and Requiring a licensee to agree in advance to grant back to the licenser title or an exclusive license on any new patents or trade secrets related to the licensed technology rights that the licensee may obtain or develop.

下列许可行为被认为违反了美国反垄断法：●要求被许可方购买另外非专利产品作为获得某一专利产品许可的条件；以强制性一揽子方式提供许可；通过独占交叉许可组建一个企业联盟；利用一项专利，商标或商业秘密作为协议的基础，在许可方或被许可方将某一专利产品卖给一位独立买家后，限制该产品在美国的处理地点，方式和交易对象；规定某一许可在未获被许可方同意的情况下，不再向任何第三方发放许可；要求被许可方在销售其获得许可的产品时遵守特定的或最低价格；对于销售受许可权利保护的产品，要求被许可方支付不合理的特许权使用费，并以此作为获得许可的条件；试图超出专利范围强加一项专利许可或对其收取特许权使用费(同一理由可适用于试图根据已进入公共领域的技术秘密强加一项专利许可或对其收取特许权使用费)；以及对于被许可方可能获得或拥有的与被许可技术权利相关的任何新专利或商业秘密，要求被许可方事先同意向许可方回授有关权利或专属许可。

The reason why human being needs to be ruled and his self-government is hard to come into reality completely is fundamentally due to the physical existence of human life itself and the limitedness of his mental ability, which can also explain why "Regime-Constituting" is inevitably under some restrains.

人类之所以需要统治，之所以难以实现完全的自治，在根本上源于人自身的肉体性存在以及精神能力上的有限性，这也是"建构政制"本身必然受到一定限制的原因。

In recent years The temperature rising in climate and continuous draught, together with the overgrazing and other unreasonable human activities, has resulted in serious eco-environment deterioration, less runoff, water and soil loss, more mudflow, pasture degeneration, land desertification, reduction of biological diversity, etc. This threatens the local agricultural and husbandry production and the people's living, and also restrains the social and economic development.

由于近年来气候升温、持续干旱，加上超载过牧及其他不合理的人类活动，导致生态环境严重恶化，径流量减少，水土流失、泥石流加重，草场退化、土地沙化，生物多样性减少等，使当地农牧业生产和人民生活受到威胁，制约了社会经济的发展。

Main effect: Pearl essence, Arbutin and L-Ascorbic acid combine together in a scientific way, which decomposes and reduces the melanin and mottle, and restrains the growth of melanin.

主要作用：珍珠精华、熊果苷、左旋VC的科学结合，可分解和淡化黑色素，并抑制黑色素的生成。

Carelessness in exams is not inborn , but developed with bad study habits . the irrational distribution of psychological capacity in the course of an examination , caused by bad study habits , restrains the sense perceptivity of reading and the productivity of mind , hence negligence and carelessness in exams

考试粗心不是由于先天因素造成的，而与后天学习过程中养成的不良的学习习惯有关，学习习惯不良引起的考试过程中心理能量的不合理分配，进而抑制了考试过程中的阅读感知与思维加工，造成疏忽与遗漏。

The prepared powders were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR, N_2 adsorption, Fluorescence spectroscopy, etc. N-doped TiO_2 evidently shows its absorbance shoulder shift into visible light region. Moreover, N-doping retards the transition of TiO_2 from anatase to rutile type as well as restrains the growth of the crystal size which leads to less decrease of surface area. These characteristics are considered to benefit the photoactivity of TiO_2; When all the samples were applied to the photodecomposition of Methylene Blue under visible light(λ＞400 nm), the N-doped TiO_2 show an obvious superiority when compared to the undoped TiO_2, the active hydroxyl groups are found to play a important role in this high photoactivity; When the same experiment was performed under UV light, all the samples show the consistent sequence of photoactivity as in the visible light.

通过UV-Vis、XRD、BET、IR、FL等表征手段测试表明：掺氮不仅使TiO_2的光吸收区域拓展到可见光区，而且有利于延缓TiO_2晶相的转换，从而抑止了高温煅烧下所引起的晶粒增大以及比表面积的降低，且氮源浓度越高，此现象越明显，这些特征都有利于催化剂光催化活性的提高；在主波长大于400nm的可见光催化亚甲基蓝实验当中，掺氮TiO_2的光催化活性明显优越于未掺氮样品，亚甲基蓝在90min内达到88％的脱色率。

The primary difference of these two mechanisms lies in the difference of the site and restrains condition of ASR expansion.

差别的关键在于膨胀的根源和限制条件不同。

Every commercial promise that curbs the promisor's future dealings-for excluding other-"restrains trade."

每一个商业的承诺，限制允诺的未来的交易，为排除其他"限制贸易"。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。