查询词典 research and studies

This paper mainly studies the issues about the copyright in electronic commerce, drawing on the basic theories and methods concerning about the research on copyright in network, and trying to connect with the characters of trade and service. This text comprises 4 parts:The first part disserts the relationship between electronic commerce and copyright protection. When digital products are traded online, more attention about copyright protection must be paid to them. And many works protected by the copyright law are suitable for electronic commerce.

本文借鉴网络环境下版权研究的基本理论与基本方法，试图结合电子商务的贸易与服务特性，对电子商务中的版权问题进行系统研究，全文共分为四个部分：第一部分论述电子商务与版权保护的关系，数字产品网上交易必须强调版权保护，而大多数受版权保护的作品适合于电子商务，电子商务的发展又对版权保护形成挑战。

The dissertation regards the practices of Mao Ze-dong dealing with Sino-U. S. relations as research topic, exhumes internal mind experiences by external objective actions, studies Mao"s world insight, developing thought and spirit of dealing with concrete matters relating to work, clarifies the changes of Mao"s America view, uncovers subjective and objective reasons resulting from the changes and the influence on the foreign policy transformation and modulation, furthermore, the article will provides historical reference for the contemporary similar problem.

本文以毛泽东一生处理中美关系的实践为研究对象，从外在的客观活动来发掘内在心路历程，把握他面对美国的世界眼光、发展思维和务实精神，理清他对美国认识发展变化的思想脉络，揭示导致这种起伏变化的主客观原因，及其带来的外交策略转变与调整，从而把握中美关系的大致走向，为今天正确处理中美关系提供一些历史的借鉴。

The aptitude and career interest were considered as the two dimension of the entrance guide system, and was proof-tested by the structural equation model, which results supported this two-dimension hypothesis. Accordingly, there were two parts in the guide system. One part was about the aptitude test, consisted of seven subtests: verbal reasoning, spatial imagining, mathematic reasoning, computer capacity, abstract reasoning, physical knowledge, and sentence recomposing. The other part was about the career interest test, including eight aspects: career longing, curriculum desire, entertainment after school, activity preference, job preference, work environment preference, self-estimate of one\'s abilities, and discuss future with someone else. After three times modification and testing, the psychometric indices of the guide system were become well and stable. Furthermore, the guide system was primarily launched into applying, with four typical case studies, the practicability and serviceability of the guide system was showed swiftly.The entrance guide system for junior high school students that was developed in this research was one-upping in the entrance guide field in China.

第二阶段是初中生升学指导系统的研制阶段，以能力倾向与生涯兴趣这二元因素作为初中生升学指导系统的基本架构，经验证性因素分析表明该二元架构是合理并可接受的；其中能力倾向部分共包含语言推理、空间想象、数学推理、电脑能力、抽象推理、物理知识、语句重组等七个分测验，生涯兴趣部分则包含生涯梦想、课程兴趣、课余爱好、活动偏好、工作内容喜好、工作场所喜好、能力自评、与他人讨论未来等八个方面；通过三次修改与测试，结果显示所研制的初中生升学指导系统有着良好的测量学指标；此外，通过对初中生升学指导系统的初步应用研究，并结合典型个案的深入剖析，进一步表明所研制的初中生升学指导系统具有实用性、操作性强的特点，所得结果也可靠可信。

Previous studies focused on cutting and lifting sugarcane stalks, the sugarcane stalks holding and conveying research was almost blank. Researching and designing new holding and conveying mechanism, providing the basis for the design of sugarcane harvester, reducing the plugging and breaking of sugarcane stalk, increasing windrowing quality, reducing power consumption, have important theoretical and practical significance.

以前的研究主要集中在甘蔗切割和扶起方面，对于甘蔗夹持输送机理的研究几乎是空白，研究设计新型的夹持输送机构，研究其工作机理，为甘蔗收割机的设计提供依据，减少甘蔗的堵塞和折断，提高铺放质量，降低功耗，具有重要的理论意义和实用意义。

The research progress in genetic linkage map construction of forest tree species both at home and abroad were reviewed in the paper.Two main problems involved in the field were discussed.One was the limitation of the number of individuals of mapping populations and the other was the random markers mostly employed by the majority of studies.These problems have resulted in crossing combination specificity in the constructed maps and the QTLs located on the basis of the maps.As a result,the QTLs discovered up to now have low credibility and poor practicability in marker-assisted selection.

本文就目前国内外林木连锁遗传图谱领域的研究进展进行了综述，指出了该领域研究中存在的主要问题，即一方面是作图个体的数量有限，另一方面是采用的标记以随机标记为主，导致了建成的图谱以及利用图谱获得的数量性状基因位点信息具有杂交组合特异性，造成了QTLs的可信度和在林木遗传改良以及标记辅助选择中的实用性降低等现象。

This research aims at a domestic management actual situation of professional construction management. To do an integrity study first, and then takes 1996 American Customer Satisfaction Index as a model foundation. Using Partial Least Square algorithm as the analytical tool which studies structure model to construct a professional construction management causal model, the author makes the conclusion that the weight estimated by PLS and the score of Measured Variable construct a management matrix diagram and analyze a key factor of influencing professional construction management service quality to improve a service quality and promote a customer satisfaction. Thus, managers could assign resources correctly to promote customer satisfaction.

本研究首先针对国内工程专案管理实务运作现况做完整探讨，再以1996年美国顾客满意指标(American Customer Satisfaction Index；ACSI)为模型基础，利用部分最小平方演算法，作为研究结构模型的分析工具，尝试建构工程专案管理顾客满意度之因果关系结构模型，并根据PLS所估计出的权重与衡量变数的分数，建构策略管理矩阵图，分析影响工程专案管理服务品质关键因素，作为改进服务品质与提升顾客满意的基础，以利管理者正确分配资源，提升顾客满意度。

This paper studies environmental factors which influences Shanxi market of BYS Pharmaceutical Corporation applying theories and means of marketing and administration, makes qualitative and quantitative evaluation to exterior and interior environmental factors by using EFE and IFE matrix, and analyzes the actual place strategy. This thesis constructs generic mathematic model to estimate franchisers' integrated managerial abilities in order to choose the right middlemen; on how to evaluate dealers' performances, conceives mathematic model of franchisers' performance evaluation pole method to appraise their performances, and applies Fussy evaluation model to estimate the place pattern of pharmaceutical corporation, and makes embedded research into place motivation, conflict management and place improvement.

本文运用市场营销管理、管理学的理论和方法，研究了影响BYS制药企业山西市场营销的环境因素，运用EFE矩阵、IFE矩阵对外部环境、内部环境关键要素进行了定量定性评价；对营销渠道策略进行了分析研究，在对中间商的选择方面，论文构造了中间商的综合经营能力评价与选择的一般数学模型并运用其对中间商的综合经营能力进行了评价；论文对中间商绩效评价进行了探讨；运用Fussy评价模型对BYS制药企业营销渠道模式进行评价；并对渠道策略中的激励、冲突管理以及渠道改进等方面的内容进行了深入的研究。

The detailed research on CEAs strength and weaknesses , opportunities and threats during its effects brought into the building of Shanghai air transportation hub has been done in this text though the analysis of industry structure, and SWOT method.. And large quantity of studies about foreign and domestic aviation enterprises that are successful in implementing air transportation hub policy are included in this text, which can provide other enterprises some effective guidance to improve their competitive ability.

本文通过对航空运输企业的行业结构分析，借助SWOT分析的方法，对东航参与上海航空枢纽港建设的优势与略施、机会与威胁进行了详细的研究，通过大量实证性的调查研究，了解该行业中欧美航空巨头和国内航空业战略管理的不同思路和成功做法，将为我国航空企业提高竞争力、应对国际竞争提供实际和理论上的指导。

This part Measures firms" size with market value of float shares, and divides each portfolio into quintiles and deciles to choose an appropriate grouping method. The second part divides the sample into two sub-samples to tests the different performance of "small firm effect" in two periods. The third part tests different performance of each month. The fourth part studies the "small firm effect" in five industries, the industry, the commerce, the public utilities, conglomerates and the properties, and uses Fame-Macbeth method to research "the small firm effect" in the different industries. The fifth part analyzes the reason why the "small firm effect" exists in China stock market referring to the western explanation about "the small firm effect and the character of China stock market. In the end, we provide some suggestion.

论文运用实证方法检验中国股市&小公司效应&的存在性，用流通股市值作为公司规模大小的度量，用五分组和十分组两种分组方法检验中国股市&小公司效应&的表现；把整个样本区间以2001年为界分为两个样本子区间，检验&小公司效应&在不同时间阶段的表现有何不同；分月检验&小公司效应&在不同月份的表现；把样本中所有上市公司按照行业分为五大类，工业类、商业类、公用事业类、房地产类和综合类，利用Fama-MacBeth法检验中国股市&小公司效应&在不同行业的表现；联系国外关于&小公司效应&存在原因的解释，结合中国股市的实际，分析中国股市&小公司效应&存在的原因，并提出了一些建议。

This paper mainly consists of five parts. The Introduction mainly defines the scope and relative concepts, and covers the present situation of research about it. The first chapter traces the Seeing-off-poetry's cultural origin, classifies its emotion contents and artistic achievements, and differentiates the flows from the base of comprehensive reorganization of the Seeing-off-poetry from pre-Qin to latter-Han Dynasty. The second chapter studies its variations about styles, artistic expressions, and gentries' spirit features. And in this part we also discuss the reasons of Four-word-see-off-poetry's booming and its peculiarities in Jin Dynasty. The third chapter demonstrates the influence on Seeing-off-poetry in the Early and Glorious Ages of Tang Dynasty such as the construction ways, poetry images and emotion styles. The Appendix enumerates all the 465 Seeing-off poems' tittles, authors, their birth and dead time, writing time and sources of quotation one by one, so that all of them can be checked to prepare the investigation.

论文主要有五个部分：&绪论&重在界定魏晋南北朝送别诗的研究范围和相关概念，并对其研究现状作一全面回顾；第一章&送别诗溯源&，在全面整理先秦两汉送别诗的基础上，对《诗经》以来送别诗的文化渊源、情感內容和艺术成就分类概说，辨明其源流；第二章&魏晋南北朝送别诗研究&，从诗体、艺术表达、士人精神风貌三个角度研究这一时期送别诗的演变，并探讨两晋时期四言送别诗的繁盛原因及其特点；第三章&对唐代送别诗影响&，从建构方式、诗歌意象、情感风格三个方面论证魏晋南北朝送别诗对初盛唐送别诗的影响；&附录&部分列出魏晋南北朝送别诗系年一览表，分朝代逐条列举魏晋南北朝465首送别诗的诗题、作者、生卒年、创作时间及其出处，以备查考。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。