查询词典 research and studies

The core issue of nutrient control was focused and the dynamic studies on phosphorus pollution of the whole watershed were conduced: 1 to highlight the non-point source pollution control, which is the difficulties research subject of water resource protection; 2 to perfect the calculation method for phosphate input and output, providing important basis on decision making for nutrient control; 3 to establish database and water quality model, to predict the water quality response after different phosphorus control schemes realized; 4 to determine admissible phosphorus loading and control standard according to the quantitative relationship between the external force function (mainly the exotic nutrient salt concentration or loading) and internal nutrient state response, and to work out the effective and practical techniques for eutrophication control.

围绕营养盐控制的核心问题，进行全流域范围磷污染的动态研究：1）突出了目前我国水资源保护研究难点—非点源污染控制；2）完善了流域水库磷盐收支计算方法，为流域营养盐控制决策提供了重要依据；3）建立数据库和水质模型，预测了在实施不同磷削减控制方案后流域供水水质的响应情况；4）根据湖泊外力函数（主要是外来营养盐浓度或负荷）与湖库内营养状态响应间的定量关系，确定了磷允许负荷量及控制标准，提出了有效的富营养化控制实用技术。

The research progress on synthetic allopolyploid including type, inducement method and utilization status in crop genetic improvement were summarized, and the feasibility and importance for using it to improve crop varieties were discussed. Finally, the existing problems in relevant researches were analyzed, and the future studies were prospected.

概述了近年来植物人工异源多倍体的研究进展，包括人工异源多倍体的类型、诱导方法及其在植物遗传改良中的应用现状，探讨了利用人工异源多倍体进行农作物品种遗传改良的可行性和重要性，并对相关研究中的问题进行了分析和展望。

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

Summarizes the application and research conditions,technology and operation about key equipment and the studies on antisepsis materials in the aspects of development course,and application technology and scale.

从发展历程、应用技术与规模，综述了国内外的应用与研究及关键设备、抗腐材质的应用研究概况，分析了其存在的缺陷。

These studies could provide the basic data and research achievement on analysis the difference of plant transpiration and water consumption between different tree species. It contribute to instructional significance to regulate and control the moisture relations between every factor, and solve contradiction between moisture providence and demanding. At the same time, It will be provided the theoretical evidence for plants choosing and arranging ,and properly using water resources in arboriculture and maintenance.

这些研究为分析造成不同树种之间蒸腾耗水的差异提供了基础资料，对于调控各因素之间的水分关系，解决水分供需关系矛盾有重要的指导意义，同时也为植物选择与配植，栽培与养护中合理地利用水资源提供了理论依据。

Based on the previous studies and combined with the national important scientific special item—the projection of water environment improvement and comprehensive demonstration in Suzhou city. The influence to water quality melioration under different conditions of packing types, stuffing rate, air supply and hydraulic loading using water of Miaojia river as experiment water sample; the water contaminate removal ability by the absorption and interception of charcoal filling and the research of the denitrification rate of charcoal filling were discussed in the paper. Furthermore, the activity of the biofilm on savageness and artificialness filling surface in the projection demonstration riverway were also analyses.

本人在总结前人研究的基础上，结合国家重大科技专项——苏州城市水环境质量改善与综合示范项目，研究了不同填料基质、填充率、曝气量、水力负荷条件下生物填料对苏州城市重污染河道水质的改善效果；木炭填料吸附、截留作用对水体污染物去除能力及其反硝化脱氮能力；分析了项目示范区河道内天然填料及人工填料挂膜成熟的生物膜活性。

There are ten deemed universities in the capital namely the Indian Agricultural Research Institute , Indian Institute of Foreign Trade , Indian Law Institute , National Museum Institute of History of Art, Conversation and Museology, National School of Drama , Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthana, School of Planning and Architecture, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth , TERI School of Advanced Studies and National University of Educational Planning and Administration .

有10所大学被视为在首都即印度农业研究院，印度外贸研究所，印度法律研究所，国家博物馆，历史语言研究所的艺术，会话及博物馆学，民族学戏剧， rashtriya梵语sansthana ，学校的规划与建筑设计，里拉尔的Bahadur夏斯特里rashtriya梵语vidyapeeth ，塔塔学校深造课程及国立大学的教育规划和管理。

Its research areas Include: Climatology and biometeorology; Rainfall and its biological effects; Erosion and the deposition of sediments: dust storms; Dunes, their structure and formation; Microclimatology; Dew and hygroscopic moisture; Soil flora and fauna in arid lands; Seed germination and its improvement; Vegetational studies in desert regions worldwide; The physiology and ecology of plants and animals; Foraging patterns of mammals; Parasites and predators; Diurnal rhythmicity and phenology; The impact of grazing; Wildlife conservation; Anthropology and sociology of desert peoples; Oasis settlement; Human ecology and traditional land use; Land classification and improvement; Water control; Remote sensing; Desertification, its causes and control.

具体内容包罗万象：气候学和生物气象学；降雨和它的生物影响；沉积物的腐蚀和沉积；沙丘结构和形成；干旱地区的植物和动物群；寄生物和捕食动物；干旱地区的人类学和社会学；干旱地区的绿地建设；水控制和干旱地区的沙漠化的成因和控制等。

The journal dedicates to the studies in all aspects of the botany, mycology and phycology of the South Pacific, Australia, South America, southern Africa and Antarctica. Research areas include biosystematics and biogeography, ecology, physiology and biochemistry, genetics and reproductive biology, structure and development, ethnobotany, palaeobotany, bryology, lichenology and plant pathology etc.

该刊致力于南太平洋、澳大利亚、南美、南非以及南极洲的植物学、真菌学和藻类学各方面的研究，研究领域涉及生物系统学、生物地理学、生态学、生理学、生物化学、遗传学、生殖生物学、机构与发育、人类植物学、古植物学、苔藓学、地衣学以及植物病理学等等。

Based on intensive investigation of original sources and research literatures on the subject in consideration,and under the paradigm why mathematics was done in the history of mathematics,the dissertation studies systematically the origin and invention of the calculus of variations by means of source analysis and comparative argumentation.

变分法是研究泛函极值的数学分支，它不仅与数学中众多分支联系紧密，而且也为物理学提供了重要的原理，同时又有着十分广泛的应用，凶此，对其历史进行研究，具有极为重要的理论价值和现实意义。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。