查询词典 research and studies

Also , a more practical style of study and attention on scholar research; research direction adjusted timely, research areas opened up unceasingly and much deeper content; theory and method research with innovation, fashion research interdisciplinary, flourish research with demonstration; the research troop expands unceasingly, high school becomes the main research force; more attention to scholar exchange, Chinese and foreign histories developing mutually.

认为，近些年来国内中国近代史研究的特点和发展趋向主要表现在：研究环境日趋宽松，学风更趋实际，更加注重学术研究；研究方向适时调整，领域不断拓展，内容不断深入；创新研究理论与方法，跨学科研究时尚，实证研究兴盛；研究队伍不断壮大，高校成为主要研究力量；注重学术交流，中外史学互动发展。

During the practice of the research-based reading approach, there exists abuse of expansion of research functions, enlargements of research subjects, freeness of the research process, game-like research methods, cuts and pastes of research results, simplification of subject-finalization, thus active interpositions must be taken with full attention and we must also develop the research value of text books, introduce research-based approach into classes and consummate the standard of evaluation constantly to make emendations.

在当前研究性阅读教学实践中，还存在着研究功能扩大化、研究课题求大化、研究过程自由化、研究方式游戏化、研究成果剪贴化、结题形式单一化的弊端，需要采取积极介入，全面关注，开拓教材研究价值，把研究性阅读引入课堂，不断完善评价标准等措施进行校正。

Research Centers Include Center for Developmental and Health Genetics, Center for Health Care and Policy Research, Center for Human Development and Family Research in Diverse Contexts, Center for Locomotion Studies, General Clinical Research Center, Gerontology Center, Noll Physiological Research Center, Prevention Research Center for the Promotion of Human Development.

研究中心包括：发展和健康遗传学中心，健保和政策研究中心，人类发展和家庭研究中心，运动研究中心，普通临床研究中心，老年医学中心，生理学研究中心，人类发展预防研究中心。

As the complete characteristic curves of reversible pump turbine are often used to calculate the instantaneous parameters, this paper studies the characteristic curve and the wicket closure and opening law in pumped storage plants.Chapter 1 presents the importance and the necessity of this study and reviews the previous related research on hydraulic transient process and valve regulation in pumped storage plants.Chapter 2 analyzes the six collected characteristic curves of reversible pumped turbine and studies their diversification from the point of view of specific speed. The six collected discharge and moment curves with maximum efficiency have been fitted to piecewise continuous curves. This curve-fitting procedure is listed.Chapter 3 takes Liyang Pumped storage plant as an example and analyzes the effect of different characteristic curves on regulation guarantee parameters and the variety of its trochoid during the same operation status.Chapter 4 takes three pumped storage plants with different heads as examples and studies the characteristic of coordinated closure with wicket gate and ball valve and its effect on dynamic pressure in the spiral case, inlet pressure in the draft tube and the rise of rotating speed.Chapter 5 summarizes this paper and point out what should be done in the future research.

由于在过渡过程分析计算中，需要频繁利用可逆式机组的全特性曲线推求机组的瞬时参数，所以本文就特性曲线及关闭规律问题进行了研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水力过渡过程、抽水蓄能电站及阀调节的研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，针对收集到的六套特性曲线，从比转速的角度出发来研究可逆式机组特性曲线的变化规律；并对六套曲线的最高效率流量和力矩曲线进行分段拟合，得到各分段函数的具体形式，再通过举例说明最高效率曲线的拟合步骤；第3章，以溧阳抽水蓄能电站为实例，分析讨论不同比转速特性曲线对调保参数造成的影响及对于相同工况其轨迹线的变化；第4章，结合高、中、低三水头段抽水蓄能电站，在导叶直线关闭的基础上，研究导叶与球阀协联关闭规律的特点及对蜗壳动水压力、尾水管进口压力及转速上升造成的影响；第5章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。

However, there are also some problems exist in education research: there are attitude and behavior difference between the principals and teachers toward the research; Lack of knowledge and training; unbalance between research and teaching; poor management method and unperfected management system; shortage of research fund; low efficiency of research result; lack of support and instruction from outside; unbalanced research development, and so on.This article discusses the results mentioned above and gives some measures to solve these problems exist in education science research of primary and secondary schools.

但同时也发现，校长和教师的教育科研观念与行为之间存在较大的反差；缺乏教育科研知识和方法的培训，科研知识和方法欠缺；教育科研与常规教学工作的关系还需进一步摆正；科研管理机构不健全、管理体系和管理制度不完善；科研经费普遍不足；科研效果欠佳；科研获得外界的支援、指导少；不够重视课题成果的推广应用；科研的发展很不平衡等问题。

Itanalyses the essential factors, structure, environment as well as functions of high-techcorporation system and compares the similarities and differences between high-tech corporationsystem and traditional corporation system; it analyses characteristics in each stage of-high-techcorporation lifecycle as well as management roots which lead to the declination of high-techcorporation and researches into the similarities and differences between high-tech corporationlifecycle and other lifecycles, including traditional corporation lifecycle, industry lifecycle,product lifecycle and ecology lifecycle; it studies functional coupling in each stage of high-techcorporation lifecycle and puts forward ways to realize internal coupling of high-tech corporationsystem and external environment coupling; based on fundamental concepts of dissipativestructure, it summarizes six inherent laws of system evolution and on the basis of those laws itadvances six principles of high-tech corporation lifecycle management; it poses four sequentialparameters of high-tech corporation system, analyses coordinfition and competition between themand then it advanced four principles of high-tech corporation management; it researches intovarious cycles in high-tech corporation and puts forward five measures of high-tech corporationmanagement from the point of hypercycle theory; it studies the relations between cariousinnovation of high-tech corporation innovation system and sets up models of innovation motiveforces and resistances, after that it analyses the alternation laws of innovation motive forces andresistances in each stage of high-tech corporation lifecycle, puts forward some measures tostrengthen motive forces and lessen resistances and then from the angle of dissipative structuretheory, it researches into relevant questions of high-tech corporation innovation management; itstudies the location, identification, cultivation, cultivation and protection of high-tech corporationcore competence and researches into the key elements of core competence management in eachstage of lifecycle and then from the angle of synergetic, it discusses several questions ofhigh-tech corporation core competence management; it studies seven common characteristics ofsuccessful high-tech corporation culture and puts forward the ways and measures to cultivate andinnovate high-tech corporation culture after that it researches into the characteristics ofcorporation culture in each stage of lifecycle and discusses relevant questions of high-techcorporation culture management from the point of hypercycle theory;' it studies interplay ofhigh-tech corporation system and environment and researches into the development andmanagement of high-tech corporation ecology system after that it analyses the construction anddisintegration of high4ech corporation strategic alliance.

剖析了高新技术企业系统的要素、结构、环境与功能，比较了高新技术企业系统与一般企业系统的异同；剖析了高新技术企业在生命周期各阶段的特点及衰退的管理根源，探讨了高新技术企业生命周期与一般企业生命周期、产业生命周期，产品生命周期和生物生命周期的异同；研究了高新技术企业生命周期各阶段的功能耦合，提出了实现高新技术企业系统内部耦合及系统与外部环境耦合的途径：以耗散结构理论的基本概念为基础，总结归纳出系统演化的六大内在规律，据此提出了高新技术企业生命周期管理的六个原则；提出了高新技术企业系统的四个序参量，剖析了生命周期各阶段序参量的协同与竞争，进而提出了高新技术企业管理的四大原则；研究了高新技术企业中的各种循环，从超循环理论的角度提出了高新技术企业管理的五大措施；研究了高新技术企业创新系统中各种创新的关系，建立了创新动力和创新阻力模型，剖析了生命周期各阶段创新动力与阻力的变化规律，提出了增强创新动力与减小创新阻力的措施，从耗散结构理论的角度研究了高新技术企业创新管理的相关问题；研究了高新技术企业核心竞争力的定位、识别、培养及保护，剖析了生命周期各阶段核心竞争力管理的要点，从协同理论的角度研究了高新技术企业的核心竞争力管理的几个问题；剖析了成功的高新技术企业文化的七个共同特点，提出了培养和创新高新技术企业文化的途径及措施，研究了生命周期各阶段企业文化的特征，从超循环理论的角度探讨了高新技术企业文化管理的相关问题；研究了高新技术企业系统与环境的交互作用，探讨了高新技术企业生态系统的开拓与管理，剖析了高新技术企业战略联盟的组建与解体。

This paper deals with and summarizes the research and importance of ductile shear zones and presents the future direction and aim for the research of the ductile shear zones around the world. Four aspects of studies of the ductile shear zones have been proposed in this paper as follows:(1) The stress environment including the mineral assemblages, deformation, stress-shearing parameters;(2) The major element sequence and activation under condition of stress;(3) The variations of trace elements and REE, their transportation distributions under strong natural deformation as well as variations of mineral crystal parameters, which can also control the element changes during the ductile deformation;(4) The relationship between element migrations, activation and stress, which will present the new evidences for the studies of dynamic diagenesis and mineralization as well as the studies of evolution of ductile shear zones developed in middle and low levels.(5) The analysis of elements and isotopes in mylonites on the micro-scale are crucial for the understanding of component migrations during the mylonization.

对韧性剪切带及其变形岩石的研究现状和研究意义进行系统的综述，提出了未来韧性剪切带及其糜棱岩的研究方向和目标：①系统研究糜棱岩中主要造岩矿物组合及其变形特征，计算剪切变形岩石的应力－应变参数，搞清韧性剪切带所处的应力应变环境；②系统研究韧性剪切带岩石在天然分强剪切应力作用条件下常量元素迁移机制及活化转移的应力排序问题；③系统研究剪切变形作用过程中岩石化学组成的微量和稀土元素变化，讨论强变形条件下岩石中微量元素活化和迁移规律，深入探讨微量元素迁移的动力控制，包括稀土元素配分变化的应力制约以及应变矿物晶格化学变化行为及其对其寄主的变形岩石元素在应变过程中迁移变化的制约和影响；④从理论上探讨天然强剪切应变条件下岩石中组分活化、转移与应力的因果联系，为深入探讨韧性剪切带动力成岩作用提供理论的科学依据，为探讨中、下地壳中韧性剪切带的形成和演化提供科学依据，同时为韧性剪切变形作用条件下成岩、成矿地球化学作用提供理论和实验依据；⑤现代分析技术如激光同位素原位分析以及激光ICP-MASS分析技术对研究变形域内的岩石的元素和同位素的活化迁移规律，对深刻揭示糜棱岩化过程中的元素活化迁移机制提供更高质量的地球化学证据具有重要的作用。

This thesis is divided into four parts, first part one has explained the background of the research, puts forward to the problem of the thesis, thinking and method; The second part two has introduced the overview of northwest under developed area, and analyzed the characteristic of local university"s scientific research of northwest under developed area and the demand of young teachers; The third part, according to the current situation motivation of scientific research the young teachers of local university in Gansu as the individual case, carrying on comparative analysis to local university"s young teacher"s scientific research in Gansu Province; The forth part has combined the typical case - the current situation of Gansu Province, put forward the measures to the northwest under developed area that concerning the scientific research motivation for young teachers: Intensity of research funding of the young teachers should be moderate; Young teacher"s assessment of results should not give priority to symbolic achievements and patent for invention; the structure of graduation school the young teacher of local university should be optimized; It is necessary to strengthen the training of the scientific research of the young teachers;It is necessary to set up the teachers sabbatical leave system and improve the system of floating of teachers of local universities.

因此，本研究选择了甘肃地方高校青年教师的科研激励问题作为论文的个案，力图对西北欠发达地区地方高校青年教师的科研激励问题提出对策性建议。本研究共分为四部分，第一部分阐述了研究背景，梳理了相关的文献资料，提出研究的问题，思路和方法；第二部分首先介绍了西北欠发达地区概况，并对西北欠发达地区地方高校科研的特点及青年教师的需求特征进行了分析；第三部分由于甘肃地方高校青年教师科研激励现状在西北欠发达地区地方高校中具有典型性和代表性，以甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励现状为个案，对甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励措施进行了比较分析；第四部分结合个案——甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励的现状，提出西北欠发达地区地方高校青年教师科研激励问题的对策性思考：科研资助强度应适中；成果鉴定不宜以标志性成果和发明专利为主；优化地方高校青年教师学缘结构；加强地方高校青年教师的科研培训；建立学术假制度以及完善地方高校人才流动制度。

The second part theoretically explains the connotation, the characteristic and the significance of the teacher's research in the processing evaluation .the teacher's research in the processing evaluation is that the teacher as the main researcher, in view of the question encountering during the processing evaluation, carries on the motion research in the help of the specialized researcher's instruction, mainly in the mutual help of the teacher companion; It is that the teacher carries on the research in this specific domain of the processing evaluation, so it belongs to the category of teacher's research. And it has common character ,such as practicality, openness and scientific nature which the teacher's research has, simultaneously it also has own research character such as productive nature and processive nature ; It has the significant practical significance in regarding of the processing evaluation ,the teacher career development and the students development.

过程性评价中教师研究是教师作为研究主体，针对在过程性评价过程中遇到的问题，在专业研究人员指导下，主要是在教师同伴互助下进行的行动研究；它是教师在过程性评价这个特定领域中进行的应用研究，属于教师研究的范畴，具有教师研究的一般特点如实践性、公开性和科学性，同时也具有自身的研究特点如生成性和过程性；其对于过程性评价、教师专业发展和学生的发展都有重大的意义。

Since the physically carrying on the research of thorough study to the topic of this aspect currently quite a little, and this topic concerns to in personal complicated mental state the true feeling and the sharing of difficult expression, the complexity of its grain's not using the quantize research can investigate of applicably the quality method gives the thorough investigation.Hence the research carries on the preliminary study research with the individual cases depth interview method, and leading the research before being used as this research topic, providing the reference direction of the follow-up research and the actual situation operation.

由於目前对此方面的课题实际进行深入探讨的研究相当少，且这个课题牵涉到个人的复杂心理中真实感受及分享时的困难表达，其脉络的复杂性非使用量化研究可探究的，可适用质性方法予以深入探究，因此本研究以个案深度访谈法进行初探性研究，做为此研究主题之前导研究，提供后续研究及实务运作之参考方向。

Diabetes is a social disease that affects several million people worldwide.

糖尿病是一个社会性疾病，全世界有数百万人罹患此病。

I'll call you on Friday to see if we can reschedule our luncheon meeting at your convenience.

我星期五会给您打电话在您方便的时候我们重新安排我们的午餐约会。