查询词典 replacement cost

However, not only will they have to pay for the cost of depredation during the process, but the cost for destroying resources as well, that is , environmental cost .

然而掠夺资源的过程中不仅要付出掠夺的成本，也要付出破坏资源的成本，也就是说环境成本。

So it is able to reduce the cost of logistics system effectively if inventory cost and distribution cost can be reduced.

如果能降低库存成本与配送成本，就能有效地降低物流成本。

Dominant cost, the cost strategy focused on seeking reasonable enables companies to maximize the value of the cost level.

对显性成本，成本战略侧重于寻求合理的能够使公司的价值得到最大化的成本水平。

We propose a theoretical framework to predict the impact of inward FDI on the host country's incumbent firms' price-cost margins, according to the mode of entry of FDI We then investigate empirically the competitive discipline effect exerted by both imports and FDI on manufacturing plant-level price-cost margins in the UK, for the period 1991-2001. We estimate different specifications of the price-cost margin equation with both fixed-effects instrumental panel estimator and efficient generalized method of moments estimator with clustering correction.

通过构建理论模型预测FDI的不同进入模式对东道国企业价格－成本盈余(Price-Cost Mar-gin， PCM)的影响，以及采用固定效应工具面板和经过聚类修正的有效广义矩等不同估计模型，对1991-2001年间的进口和FDI对英国制造业企业PCM竞争规制效应进行的实证研究表明：绿地FDI对利润有负向影响，而并购FDI对利润的影响为正，即绿地FDI对PCM有规制效应，并购FDI会增加PCM。

Composition and so on goal,principle which encompassment cost accounting the object forms a series of relates mutually which its theory structure is take cost accounting the supposition as the premise,organic wholes,its goal lies in the explanation,the appraisal,the instruction and consummation cost accounting the practice.

其理论结构是以成本会计假设为前提，围绕成本会计对象所形成的一系列相互联系的目标、原则等组成的一个有机整体，其目的在于解释、评价、指导和完善成本会计实务。

We can enunciate the proper cost level between cost and serve by the relation of sale and cost.

可揭示出成本与服务之间对应的成本水平。

A gasbag (shake-proof bag) substitutes the past contaminative material like epispastic papery material. Compared with the traditional packaging its cost is reduced more than two times and the cost of the transportation more than two times; the dilapidation rate of goods is zero; energy is saved illimitably; the cost is low; its temper is high; it's not fragile and is used conveniently and recycled.

实用新型的气囊包装袋是将真空和充气功能结合起来，使内袋真空固定所包装物品，内外袋之间充气产生气囊，利用气囊的缓冲原理使内袋所固定的物品得到最安全的保护，可根据所包装物品的形状设计相应的形状，从而使得物品包装达到最小体积。

The competitive advantage in the junior stage is an advantage of the cost, deriving from the incensement in valid demand and supply of high technology products, economy of external scale and external scope, the specializing division of labour on the basis of specialization and the decreasement of transaction cost; but the advantage of the cost is difficult to maintain. The industry cluster competition advantage of the new and high-tach of senior stage is an innovative advantage, stemming from the innovation network of area, which is unable to imitate, existing for a long time.

初级阶段高新技术产业群竞争优势为成本优势，这种优势来源于产品的有效需求与供给增加、外部规模经济、外部范围经济、专业化分工及交易费用的减少，但成本优势难以持久：高级阶段高新技术产业群竞争优势为创新优势，来源于区域创新网络，创新优势无法模拟，可长期存在。

The simple film only cost $813,000 to produce, half the cost of Snow White, less than a third of the cost of Pinocchio, and certainly less than the expensive Fantasia.

这个简短的电影只耗资813，000美元，相当于《白雪公主》一半的费用，还不到《皮诺曹》成本的三分之一、更少于昂贵的电影《幻想曲》。

In the meantime, the analysis result of health insurance utilization is same as foreign countries' study result, that is, teeth fluoridation may reduce dental treatment cost and utilization of dental care service. In addition, the assumption in this research model, cost-benefit effectiveness analysis shows that present fluoridation benefit cannot cover its own cost.

虽然成本效益分析并非卫生政策唯一考量因素，但鉴於政府财政有限，在目前公共支出逐年增加的情形下，如何有效防龋又符合成本效益，应为可讨论之议题，希望透过本研究，可以提供政府作为预算资源配置或卫生政策修订之参考。

You can snipe the second and third union leaders from this position.

您可以鹬第二和第三工会领袖从这一立场出发。

Aiming at the currently shortage of XML streams quality detecting, this paper proposes a new forecasting method of XML streams quality by least squares support vector machines, which is used the method of XML keys' vector matrix as windows, and vector product wavelet transform to multilevel decompose and refactor the XML streams series, that can fulfill real-time checking demand of XML quality, and ensure constraint, consist- ency and integrality. For even more adapting net load, it proposes a control strategy by weight and adaptive adjustment to ensure XML streams quality.

针对当前XML数据流质量检测存在的不足，提出构建XML键的矢量矩阵作为窗口，利用矢量积小波变换多级分解与重构XML数据流，再结合最小二乘支持向量机对XML数据流质量进行预测的一种方法，满足XML数据流质量重构时实时检测的要求，保证XML数据的约束性、一致性与完整性；为了更好的适应网络负载，采取加权与自适应窗口调整等调度策略充分保证XML数据流的质量检测。