查询词典 renal

Effects of Simvastatin on the Transdifferentiation of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Induced with High Glucose UANG Xiao-xia,KE Chang-bin,ZHANG Qing-hong,ZHANG Jian-e*（Department of Nephrology;Department of Anesthesia,Taihe Hospital,Yunyang Medical College,Shiyan,Hubei 442000,China）Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of simvastatin in renal tubular epithelial cells transdifferentiation induced with high glucose.

作者：黄晓霞，柯昌斌，张庆红，张建鄂*作者单位：郧阳医学院附属太和医院肾病内科；麻醉科，湖北十堰 442000 目的：观察辛伐他汀对高糖诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化的作用。

Microvessel of tumors are invaded in 83.3% of multifocal renal cell carcinoma while in 11.1% of unifocal renal cell carcinoma.

PCNA、MVD及VEGF高表达是多中心肾癌的重要影响因素，多中心肾癌可能是肿瘤侵入微血管造成肾内播散的结果。

The major difference between these is reversibility or unreversibility of disease. If patients with acute renal failure are unable to get immediate and adequate medical care, they can progress to unreversible chronic renal failure, with a need for further dialysis or even transplantation.

肾衰竭分为急性和慢性肾衰竭，而两者最大的不同在於可逆与不可逆，然而急性肾衰竭病人若未能及时接受适当的治疗，将会演变为不可逆性的慢性肾衰竭，必要时将倚赖透析治疗或肾脏移植。

The ways of retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cyst unroofing is more safe and superior than the way of laparoscopic renal cyst unroofing.

经腹膜后腔的腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术是安全有效的，较经腹腔的方式更具有优越性。

Objective To explore retroperitoneoscopic unroofing and decompression of renal simple cyst. Methods The clinical data of 36 cases of renal simple cysts treated by retroperitoneoscopic unroofing and decompression were retrospectively analyzed.

目的总结经后腹腔镜下囊肿去顶减压术治疗单纯性肾囊肿的经验，讨论手术适应证及手术要点方法回顾分析36例经腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术治疗单纯性肾囊肿的临床资料。

Retroperitoneoscopic unroofing and decompression is a safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment for renal simple cyst. It should be the first choice for treatment of renal simple cyst.

结论经腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术治疗单纯性肾囊肿创伤小、康复快、安全有效，可作单纯性肾囊肿治疗的首选术式。

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cyst unroofing versus open surgery in respect of therapeutic effects and open renal cyst unroofing

结论与传统开放手术途径比较，经后腹腔腹腔镜技术治疗肾囊肿安全有效、创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快且疗效可靠，应成为单纯肾囊肿治疗的首选方法。

While detecting the patients with ureterolithiasis, if the width of renal pelvis is 0 mm, it is necessary to measure the width of another kidney and compare with them. If the width of ill renal pelvis is extended by 3 1 mm, the diagnosis of hydronephrosis can be established, then, combining with other signs, such as ureterectasis, the diagnosis of ureterolithiasis can be set up.

输尿管结石所致0 mm肾积水的发生率为 29 47％，超声诊断输尿管结石所致肾积水0 mm时应作两侧比较，当两侧集合系统宽度差别≥3 1 mm时，应考虑肾积水的存在，此时应结合临床、是否合并同侧输尿管扩张、合并结石等情况而作出肾积水的诊断。

Cases with renal transplantation were performed with dynamic state CDFIin Ultrasound Dept. of Nan fang Hospital from April, 2005 to October, 2006. Theexamine time is respectively after operation in three days, seven days, one month andthree months. Before operation examine the condition of uropoiesis function such as apair of kidney, ureter, bladder and cardiac function. After operation reexamine thecondition of cardiac function once again, and examine TK detailed and completely:First, using two-dimensional imaging to observe the shape and the volume of the TK.Secondly, using Color Doppler to observe the renal artery and each artery inside theTK. Finally, using pulsed Doppler to measure the peak systolic velocity, enddiastolic velocity and resistance index.

对南方医科大学南方医院超声诊断科自2005年4月～2006年10月对152例同种异体肾移植患者进行动态CDFI监测，超声检查时间分别为术前与术后3d、术后7d、1个月及术后3个月，术前超声检查双肾、输尿管、膀胱等泌尿系功能情况及心脏功能情况，肾移植术后再次对心脏功能情况进行跟踪复查，并对移植肾进行详尽检查：先用二维超声观察移植肾的形态、大小，随后应用CDFI观察移植肾动脉及肾内各级动脉的血流充盈情况，最后用脉冲式多普勒测量收缩期峰值流速、舒张末期流速、阻力指数。

Itamin D from the skin and diet is metabolized in the lier to 25-hydroxyitamin D (Figure 1), which is used to determine a patient's itamin D status1,2,3,4; 25-hydroxyitamin D is metabolized in the kidneys by the enzyme 25-hydroxyitamin D-1-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) to its actie form, 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D.1,2,3,4 The renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D is tightly regulated by plasma parathyroid hormone leels and serum calcium and phosphorus leels.1,2,3,4 Fibroblast growth factor 23, secreted from the bone, causes the sodium–phosphate cotransporter to be internalized by the cells of the kidney and small intestine and also suppresses 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D synthesis.5 The efficiency of the absorption of renal calcium and of intestinal calcium and phosphorus is increased in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D (Figure 1).2,3,6 It also induces the expression of the enzyme 25-hydroxyitamin D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24), which catabolizes both 25-hydroxyitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D into biologically inactie, water-soluble calcitroic acid.2,3,4

从皮肤和食物来的维生素D在肝中代谢为25-羟基维生素D（图1），被用来决定病人体内维生素D情况的1，2，3，4；25-羟基维生素D在肾中被25-羟基维生素D1羟化酶（CYP27B1）转变为有活性的1，25-二羟基维生素D 。1，2，3，4由肾产生1，25-二羟基维生素D是被血浆甲状旁腺激素和血清钙，磷水平紧密调节。1，2，3，4由骨分泌的成纤维细胞生长因子23使钠磷协同转运蛋白被肾和小肠细胞内化及抑制1，25-二羟维生素D合成。5 在1，25-二羟基维生素D作用下肾和小肠吸收钙及磷的效率增高(图1)。2，3，6 它也包括25-羟四- 24 -羟化酶的表达(CYP24)，且将1，25二羟基维生素D和25羟基维生素D异化成无生物活性，水溶性的维生素D3-23羧酸。2，3，4

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。