查询词典 renal

All rats were killed twelve weeks later, the right kidneies were used for observing pathological change, and the expression of MCP-1 in nephridial tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results (1) Change of morphology: the structure of renal tubule was normal in control group, most glomcruluses were segmented sclerosis in GS group, the renal lesions in valsartan group was minorer than this in GS group.

结果 (1)形态学改变：对照组大鼠肾小管结构正常；肾小球硬化组多数肾小球呈节段性硬化，许多肾小球及肾小管受累；缬沙坦治疗组肾脏病变轻于肾小球硬化组，且肾小球硬化指数明显低于肾小球硬化组(P.01)；(2)MCP-1的表达：对照组肾小管中有少量MCP-1的表达，在肾小球内几乎不表达，在肾小球硬化组和缬沙坦治疗组肾小球及肾小管内表达皆强于正常对照组(P.01)。

ABSTRACT: Objective To explore the approach to evaluate the renal function of patients with giant hydronephrosis preoperation and to evaluate renal plication and nephropexy with doublevertical way in the treatment of giant hydronephrosis.

目的 探讨肾积水患者的术前肾功能评价的方法，评价双垂直法肾折叠和固定术在治疗巨大肾积水患者中的作用。

The ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy can he the first choice for the post-renal acute renal failure associated with upper urinary tract stones, due to its safety and efficiency. At the same time, retrograde intubation under cystoscope and percutaneous nephrostomy will be helpful.

上尿路梗阻是肾后性急性肾功能衰竭的主要原因，如能明确是结石引起的肾后性肾功能衰竭，应首选输尿管镜下钬激光碎石并置管引流；如不能明确，膀胱镜下逆行插管和经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流也是可行的急诊有效方法。

Results: All of 19 patients who received simple insertion and regular change of ureter stents experienced consistent improved renal function. Of 5 patients treated with antegrache or retrograde endoscopic ureterotomy/dilation and long-term indwelling of Di stent, 4 showed recovered and stable renal function, and 1 changed to nephrostomy because of unsatisfying outcomes. Three patients received permenant nephrostomy after unsuccessful endoscopic attempts and remained functionally uneventful.

结果：19例单纯输尿管内插入内支架管并定期更换，肾功能改善并基本保持稳定。5例采用顺行或逆行的输尿管镜内切开和／或扩张治疗，并长期停留双J管，4例肾功能有所恢复并稳定，1例效果不理想，改行肾造瘘。3例试行窥镜处理失败，改行长期肾造瘘，肾功能保持稳定。

In addition to avoiding nephrotoxic agents in the setting of acute renal failure, medications that are eliminated by the renal route require dosing adjustments.

除了避免在急性肾功能衰竭，这是由肾脏清除药物的路线设置肾毒性药物需要剂量调整。

Within each drug class, preference may be given to agents less likely to be influenced by renal clearance, which are minimally nephrotoxic, or for which appropriate methods of prevention for renal toxicity exist.

目前提倡的是尽可能使用对肾清除率影响较小的药物，从而产生较小的肾毒性，或通过适当的方法预防肾毒性的发生。同时在使用已知肾毒性的多种药物应该尽量避免或减量。

The December issue reports that stage 3 to 5 CKD is found in 4% to 5% of the adult population in the United Kingdom, most often in elderly individuals who have comorbidities for which they are prescribed several drugs. The authors remind practitioners that patients with impaired renal function have decreased drug clearance by the kidney and may be more susceptible to certain nephrotoxic drugs. They advise:"Whenever possible, should take steps to minimize these risks, by avoiding the drugs, using reduced doses or administrative frequency, or increasing the monitoring of renal function" by measuring estimated glomerular filtration rate.

12月号的报导刊载了英国人口中，有4%至5%是CKD第3至5级，大部分是老年人，且这些病患经常使用多种药物；作者提醒执业医疗人员，肾脏功能不全病患其肾脏排除药物的清除率下降，而且更可能受到某些具有肾毒性药物的伤害；他们建议，当情况允许时，执业人员应该将这些风险降到最低，透过避免使用部分药物，或是降低剂量、或频次，或是增加监测肾丝球廓清率的频率来评估肾脏功能。

There are many sonographic mimics of tiny renal calculi: calcified or noncalcified renal vessels, prominent papillae, nephrocalcinosis, milk of calcium, junctional parenchymal lines, angiomyolipomas, and foreign bodies (eg, part of a stent or catheter).6,7

在超声上有许多类似于肾微小结石的结构：钙化或非钙化的肾血管，突出的肾乳头，肾钙质沉着，钙乳症，肾实质交界线，血管平滑肌脂肪瘤和异物。

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperleptinemia on renal osteodystrophy in male patients with chronic renal failure.

目的 探讨慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析男性患者中高水平血清瘦素对高转运性肾性骨病的影响。

Objective Renal osteodystrophy is a disease of bone metabolism disturbances with chronic renal failure. It is necessary to take attention on changes of bone metabolism and have an early management.

目的 肾性骨病是慢性肾功能衰竭时发生的骨代谢障碍疾病，在肾病的早期就应重视骨代谢的改变并及早防治。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。