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Taking the relationship of science and art as a starting point, it analyzes the relation between photographing and painting , the artists closely related to photograhing and painting , the artists closely related to photograhing in history and discusses the historical relationship between photographing and painting by taking the experience of specific artists as examples; then by analyzing the reason why artists use photographs , it shows the functions of photographs in creation ; after thens , by doing case study of Chinese artists and their different ways of using photographs, it analyzes different forms through which photographs are exressed.

首先以哲学、科学与艺术的关系为切入点，深入探讨了照片运用于绘画的现象，以及历史上与摄影联系最密切的画家，并且以具体画家为例子来论述了摄影与绘画的历史姻缘；然后通过分析艺术家运用照片的原因，阐明了照片在绘画创作中的具体功能和作用；接着以中国艺术家的具体个案与他们使用照片的不同方式相结合的方法，阐明了照片运用于绘画创作中的不同表现形式。

The religion of socialist society possesses five kinds of characteristic. The basic principles in dealing with the relationship between Chinese Party and personnel in religious circle are cooperation and coexist in politics and mutual respect in belief. Religious issues have been brought into the basic frame of two kinds of contradiction theory. After 1957, because of the increasing 'left' error, the course of exploring relation between socialist society and religion experienced a zigzag.

十一届三中全会以后，党和国家重新确立了解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，进行了宗教工作指导思想的拨乱反正，邓小平对社会主义社会与宗教的相互关系问题原则立场的阐述，以及根据邓小平的思想形成的《关于我国社会主义时期宗教问题的基本观点和基本政策》（即19号文件），进一步深化了全党对社会主义社会与宗教相互关系的认识，为从根本上解决宗教和社会主义社会的相互关系问题奠定了政策理论基础。

The following results are got:(1) the analytical equation between the overburden pressure, the pore fluid pressure and the matrix stress is established;(2) the nonlinear relation between the porosity of saturated soils and the pore fluid pressure are obtained, which relates to the initial state and the initial pore pressure of saturated soils;(3) Based on the new principle, the rock shear strength theory and hydraulic fracturing pressure formulation are reacquired, which are much more reasonable than the traditional ones.

第二章讲述的是该有效应力原理的一些工程应用研究，通过该研究，我们取得如下成果：（1）建立了上覆岩层压力、孔隙流体压力、基岩应力之间的解析关系式；（2）推导出了饱和土体孔隙度与孔隙水压之间的非线性关系式，该关系式与多孔介质的初始状态及初始孔隙水压有关；（3）建立了基于多孔介质的岩石剪切强度理论和岩石破裂压力计算公式。

The following results are got:(1) the analytical equation between the overburden pressure, the pore fluid pressure and the matrix stress is established;(2) the nonlinear relation between the porosity of saturated soils and the pore fluid pressure are obtained, which relates to the initial state and the initial pore pressure of saturated soils;(3) Based on the new principle, the rock shear strength theory and hydraulic fracturing pressure formulation are reacquired, which are much more reasonable than the traditional ones.

笔者在第一章中提出，在建立多孔介质的有效应力原理时，必须考虑其细观结构，并解析推导出了基于多孔介质之上的饱和多孔介质有效应力原理。该原理包含了孔隙度φ这一表征多孔介质结构性的重要参数；并体现了孔隙流体与固体骨架对总应力的分担作用，分担比例为φ：（1-φ）。

Cavitations is the major problems of designing water hydraulic valve, understanding the relationship between shape of valve and cavitations , avoiding cavitations is extremely important, this paper, the numerical simulation and visualization research of flow field is carried out to research relation between the flow field of poppet valve and the length of valve seat by finite volume numerical method.

气穴是研制水压阀存在的主要难题，认识阀口形状与气穴的关系，避免产生气穴现象是极其重要，本文应用有限体积数值计算方法针对阀座倒角长度变化对水压阀阀道内流场的影响进行数值模拟和可视化研究，得到了一些有益的结论：倒角长度的改变对阀口间隙以及阀芯锥面与柱面相接的地方的负压会产生比较大的影响

The results show that the neutral temperature is 26.9 ℃ in modified temperature; the preferred sensation is -0.2 in summer; the partial pressure of water vapor is about 3 500 Pa when the humid sensation is neutral; the mean skin temperature is 33.2 ℃ corresponding neutral thermal sensation; the mean skin temperature and skin wetness degree are important in predicting thermal sensation and thermal comfort; there is a linear relation between the heart rate and thermal comfort, and between the blood pressure and thermal comfort in cooler environment but the blood pressure varies not obviously with thermal sensation in warmer environment.

结果显示，受试者的热中性温度为26.9 ℃；受试者夏季偏爱稍凉的热感觉（-0.2）；潮湿感中性对应的水蒸气分压力约为3 500 Pa；热中性对应的平均皮肤温度为33.2 ℃；平均皮肤温度与皮肤湿润度是预测热感觉与热舒适的重要参数；心率与热感觉存在线性关系，血压在偏凉环境下与热感觉呈线性关系，在偏暖环境下变化不大。

As we know, support at the both straight edge of ACMR is a elastic support between the hinged support and fixed support, and its stiffness is variational. So the relation between support stiffness and load-carrying capability of ACMR is worth to be studied. Meanwhile, arched roof is generally set on beam at the top of pillar.

众所周知，实际工程中波纹拱两端的直边支座处于铰支和固支之间，属一弹性支座，其弹性刚度是变化的，支座刚度与波纹拱结构受力性能及稳定承载力之间的关系是一个非常值得研究的课题。

Through the analysis of oil or gas accumulation conditions of K_1n_2 in Wuerxun depression, this paper points out that there are the differences in organic matter abundance of source rock, the quality space matching relation between caprock and source rock, the lateral seal of faults and oil or gas migration form of K_1n_2 between the south and north of Wuerxun depression.

分析了乌尔逊凹陷南二段油气成藏条件，结果表明：乌尔逊凹陷南二段南北部在源岩有机质丰度、盖源质量空间匹配关系、断层侧向封闭性和油气运移形式上存在着明显的差异性；乌尔逊凹陷北部南一段源岩有机质丰度、南二段和大一段盖源质量空间匹配关系、南二段断层侧向封闭性和油气运移形式均好于南部，导致乌尔逊凹陷北部南二段油气供给、运聚及保存条件均优于南部。这即是造成乌尔逊凹陷北部南二段油气显示好于南部的根本原因

The contradictions and conflicts between scientific spirit and humanistic spirit, which have become a topic of general interest of academic cycles these years, are in fact the continuations and intensifications of the relation between "two cultures"(Culture of science and culture of humanities ) and contradictions thereof.

科学精神与人文精神之间的矛盾和冲突，近几年来成为学术界探讨的热点问题，其实质是&两种文化&之间关系及其矛盾的延续和深化。

The measured total flux of oil-water and temperature difference between upstream and downstream of the heater were employed as inputs, and the oil holdup was used as output of LSSVM, the relation between input and output was trained and the ideal model of oil holdups was obtained by applying a modified PSO to determine the optimal parameters of LSSVM automatically.

该方法将测量的油水总流量和加热器上下游温差作为LSSVM输入，含油率作为输出，对含油率与温差和总流量的关系进行训练，通过改进的PSO优化LSSVM的参数，建立了含油率的优化模型，并用测试数据对含油率的模型进行了比较。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。