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An 1855 paper on the "introduction" of species, written by Alfred Russel Wallace, claimed that patterns in the geographical distribution of species and fossils could be explained if every new species always came into existence near an already existing, closely related species.

1855年，阿尔弗雷德·罗素·华莱士写了一篇物种"导言"的论文，声称如果每个新物种的开始存在往往总是挨近一个已经存在的、密切相关的物种，那么，物种和化石的地理分布模式就是可以解释的。

The occurrence of peridinin in the alga shows that Xanthophyta is closely related Dinophyta in terms of evolution.

多甲藻素在该种的存在显示了黄藻在进化上与甲藻有较近的亲源关系。

Algae has been applied to interesting problems in aerospace and related fields for more than a decade.

Algae在这去的十多年间已经被用于航天和相关领域的许多有趣的问题。

The findings show how the students understanding the concept of complex number and other related concepts:(1) The concepts of complex number is understood from the perspective of algebraic expression;(2) The concepts of complex number is understood from the perspective of geometry;(3) The concepts of complex number is understood comprehensively.

结果显示，学生对复数及其一些概念的理解呈现三个侧面：（1）代数式子意义上理解的复数；（2）几何意义上理解的复数；（3）整体意义上理解的复数。

Main work follows:(1) In the first part of this paper, a historical development of the number theory before Gauss is reviewed.Based on the systematic analysis of Gauss"s work in science and mathematics, inquiry into the mathematical background that Disquisitiones Arithmeticae appeals and Gauss"s congruent theory;(2) The development process of Fermat"s little theorem and its important function in the compositeness test is elaborated through original literature.we think that the first three section of Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is a summary and development for ancestors" work about Fermat"s little theorem,show that Fermat"s little theorem played an important role in the elementary number theory;(3) With the two main sources of the quadratic reciprocity law, investigating Fermat,Euler,Lagrange,Legendre, until the related work of Gauss,the way to realize the laws huge push to the development of algebraic number theory in 19 centuries.

本文主要做了以下工作：(1)首先回顾了高斯之前的数论研究状况，在系统分析高斯的科学与数学成就的基础上，探讨了《算术研究》出现的数学背景和高斯的同余理论；(2)通过对原始文献的系统解读，深入分析了费马小定理发现发展的历程以及在素性检验中的重要作用，指出《算术研究》前三节是高斯在总结并发展了前人对该定理研究的基础上形成的，并揭示了费马小定理在初等数论定理证明中的核心地位；(3)以二次互反律的两个主要来源为线索，详细考察了费马，欧拉，拉格朗目，勒让德，直到高斯的相关工作，揭示了该定律对十九世纪数论发展的巨大推动作用。

Based on an introduction to the robust control of uncertain linear systems and a survey on the past and recent contributions to the related polynomial algebraic method, state space method and frequency domain method, this dissertation focuses on the robust control problem of uncertain linear systems in frequency and time domain.

本文首先就不确定线性系统的鲁棒控制问题作一扼要的介绍和概括，并分多项式代数方法、状态空间方法和频率域方法对其历史发展及其研究现状进行了比较全面的综述。

In chapter 3, we give a simple depiction for the main problem and results studied in this paper. We will introduced the so called characteristic algebraic system related to the problem and get simple descriptions for the blow-up criteria.

第三章简单叙述了本文要研究的主要问题及结论，并引入了包含所有非线性参数的特征代数方程组，用以统一而简洁地刻画所研究问题的临界指标。

Then, to decide whether a propositional formula can be deduced from a finite set of such formulas,we only need to decide whether the polynomial vanishes on an algebraic variety which is related to this formula set.

从而判定一个命题公式能否以一组命题公式推出，我们只需判定某一多项式是否在一代数簇上消失。

And then we consider the manner in which the Bennett linkage is related to the hyperboloid defined by its joint axes and the one defined by its links. We go on to algebraically inter-relate these and an equivalent screw of the overall instantaneous motion, which help us understand its kinetic property.

然后进一步研究了它的四个轴线所组成的单叶双曲面和它本身的几何参数的关系，使Bennett机构的瞬时运动和某个单叶双曲面结合起来，有利于我们对其运动属性的了解。

At that time mainly related to interim aid to France in late 1947 and conflict of Algeria decolonization.

经济上的援助和政治上尤其在阿尔及利亚问题上双方的冲突。

You can do some assertiveness training.

你可以进行一些自信训练。

We were well on the path to making a rear-wheel-drive global platform," says Mays."

我们正致力于建立一个后轮驱动的平台，"Mays这样说道。"