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By utilizing the complex multiplication property of the curves and using a modulo reduction and Frobenius expansion technique, it is shown that there is a fast point multiplication method without precomputation on the curves, which is 6 times faster than the ordinary repeated-double-add method.

结果显示，利用这类曲线的复乘性质，使用模约减和Frobenius展开技巧，这类曲线上存在一种不带预计算的快速点乘算法，其运算速度是通常的重复加倍-点加算法的6倍。

Utilizing the complex multiplication property of the curves and using a modulo reduction and Frobenius expansion technique, Bring forward that there is a fast point multiplication method without precomputation on the curves, which is 6 times fast than the ordinary repeated-double-add method.

针对一类特征3的Koblitz椭圆曲线的点乘算法，利用这类曲线的复乘性质，使用模约减和Frobenius展开技巧，提出一种不带预计算的快速点乘算法。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

The 1990 treaty regulates the size and composition of conventional military forces in Europe. It resulted in a reduction of Cold War era forces facing off against each other on the continent.

1990年的《常规武器条约》规定了欧洲地区常规武器的数量及种类，促成欧洲各国削减冷战时期留下的对敌武器。

With the aid of noise reduction, color threshold segmentation and center point computation and so on, the landmarks in the panoramic image were recognized. By using triangulation method, the robots position was obtained, which was a good basis for the navigation and the collision of robot.

通过去除全景图像的噪声、分割颜色阈值、计算中心点等处理，识别出机器人周围景物的已知路标，采用三角定位法，计算出机器人的坐标，从而为机器人的导航、避碰等任务奠定良好的基础。

With the aid of noise reduction, color threshold segmentation and center point computation and so on, the landmarks in the panoramic image were recognized. By using triangulation method, the robot's position was obtained, which was a good basis for the navigation and the collision of robot.

通过去除全景图像的噪声、分割颜色阈值、计算中心点等处理，识别出机器人周围景物的已知路标，采用三角定位法，计算出机器人的坐标，从而为机器人的导航、避碰等任务奠定良好的基础。

In this paper the natural boundary reduction for some elliptic boundary value problems with concave angle domains and its natural boundary element methods are investigated.

本文研究凹角型区域椭圆边值问题的自然边界归化及其边界元法。

Part II, the artificial boundary condition and its numerical methods based on natural boundary reduction for a hyperbolic initial boundary value problem in an infinite domain with a concave angle is investigated.

第二部分，研究一类具有凹角的无界外区域的双曲型初边值问题基于自然边界归化的人工边界条件及其数值方法。

This paper proposes a heuristic algorithm for attribution reduction based on conditional entropy by the comprehension and analysis of data mining algorithm based on rough set theory.

本文在理解和分析基于粗糙集理论的数据挖掘算法基础上针对属性约简提出了一个基于条件熵的启发式算法。

Decision table reduction based on conditional information entropy.

基于条件信息熵的决策表约简。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。