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These observations show that reprogramming is easier in interspecific embryos reconstructed with ES cells than that reconstructed with somatic cells, and that ES cells have the higher ability to direct the reconstructed embryo development normally than fibroblast cells. Oocytes were reconstructed with outbreeding Kunming albino mouse ES cells and enucleated rabbit oocytes, and the effects of the passages of ES cells and 6-DMAP on the development of interspecific reconstructed oocytes were analyzed. The interspecific reconstructed ES-rabbit oocytes were activated either by combined two set electric pulses and 6-DMAP or by two set electr

以上结果显示，6－DMAP能增加胚胎干细胞异种重构卵的卵裂率，对重构卵囊胚的发育率影响不大；高培养代数和低培养代数的胚胎干细胞用于异种核移植不影响异种重构卵的卵裂率和囊胚发育率；用胚胎干细胞作为供核细胞；比体细胞作为供核细胞所构建的异种重构胚更容易进行重编程，并且胚胎于细胞指导异种克隆胚胎正常发育的能力强于体细胞。

The giant panda-rabbit interspecies reconstructed embryos were constructed by injection of giant panda somatic cells into the perivitelline space of the enucleated oocytes and fused by electrical stimulation, and the reconstructed embryos can develop to hatched blastocyst stage in vitro. We demonstrated that the nuclear genetic materials in reconstructed blastocyst cells were the same as that of giant panda somatic cells by chromosome count and the existence of characteristic chromosome, which was confirmed by microsatellite DNA analysis later In order to determine the fate of mtDNA of giant panda-rabbit reconstructed embryos, we analyzed the cyt b sequence of embryos at 1 -cell stage, 2-cell stage, 4-cell stage, 8 cell stage, morula stage, blastocyst stage, expanded blastocyst stage and hatched blastocyst stage.

异种克隆大熊猫重构胚是通过将大熊猫成纤维细胞移入日本大耳白兔去核卵母细胞透明带下后经电融合构建的，可在体外发育至孵化囊胚阶段，我们应用一种简便、快速的异种重构胚的鉴定方法，即通过染色体数目和特征染色体的存在初步鉴定出大熊猫-兔异种重构胚的核遗传物质来源于大熊猫供核体细胞（后经昆明动物研究所通过微卫星DNA分析验证了该结果的可靠性）。

There were six themes in this study. First of all, the geometry of in-vivo human pinna and ear canal was measured non-invasively. The 3D model of pinna and ear canal was reconstructed and then measured based on the image processed by HRCT. Second, the 2D curvature of in-vivo human ear canal was measured non-invasively. The angles and curvatures of superior and inferior walls of first and second bends were measured. The 2D curvature of ear canal was computed by sine and cosine laws. Third, the in-vivo human ear canal was reconstructed by RE. The distribution of sound field was analyzed by FEM. The data obtained in this study can be the reference for clinicians and audiologists. Fourth, the 3D model of earmold of hearing aids, including the ear shell and the housing, was reconstructed by RE based on the image of in-vivo human ear canal obtained by CT.

本研究主题其四，对於听力受损之患者往往皆须选配助听器帮助其放大声音，其中耳模是助听器的外壳，也是接触到耳朵的仪器，而耳道型助听器系位於耳甲艇及耳甲腔延伸至耳道第一弯道处，在制作耳模必须利用灌模方式来取得紧配之耳模，其中耳模在助听器的使用过程中，常因耳模松脱，无法与人耳道紧密配合而造成漏音，因此，利用活体人外耳道电脑断层影像，重建耳道型助听器耳模之三维立体模型影像，其中耳模包括了耳壳及耳模内部空间，并进行几何外型量测，探讨耳道型助听器之体容积大小，也提供了制作耳模时快速、精确度高、减少翻模及修模次数，可减少误差率之方法。

The meaningful regions obtained by range image segmentation correspond to the surface patches of 3D object.The 3D surface patches are then reconstructed by the algebraic surface fitting method;the surface parameters are estimated by solving generalized eigenvector problem. The geometric model of 3D object is constructed from reconstructed surface patches by using CAD geometric modeling tool GEOMOD.

首先通过编码光栅方法获取三维物体的深度图象，并采用数学形态学的方法加以分割，然后利用代数曲面拟合手段对分割后的三维曲面片进行重建，并使用CAD几何建模工具由重建的曲面片构成物体的几何模型。

Of reconstructed oocytes with 2-cell blastomere and 0.7% of reconstructed oocytes with ES cell developed in vitro to blastocyst.

结果表明不同分化程度的细胞核移植后，重新编程的难易程度不同，分化程度越高则重新编程越难。

The tissues round the tragus was not enough to make the tragus in the patients who had cavity of auricular concha or external auditory canal reconstructed . So the free composite tissue of residual ear ,which will be deserted in the reconstructed auricular repair usually , could be used to make the tragus .

对于存在耳甲腔或外耳道再造后，仍无耳屏的患者，拟再造耳屏的周边组织量有限，不足以行耳屏的再造，而采用多余的残耳复合游离移植，则可以合理利用组织，组织的成活率高，再造的耳屏形状良好。

The three types of reconstructed embryos(reconstructed embryo of goat-rabbit, goat-bovine and goat-goat) were produced respectively by nuclear transfer using goat ear firbroblast cells as donors and rabbit, bovine and goat ooctyes as recipients, and the factors of cytoplast environments influencing cloned embryo development in vitro, cytoplast effect in nuclear transfer, the methods of transferring cloned embryo and the effects of pregnancy factor on implantation of cloned embryo were studied in this experiment, in order to supply basis for solving the difficulty of implantation of inter-species cloned embryo in recipient and improving the efficiency of cloning.

本试验以波尔山羊耳成纤维细胞为供体，分别以牛、羊、兔的卵母细胞为受体进行体细胞核移植，构建了山羊-兔、山羊-牛和山羊-山羊三种重构胚。研究了不同的胞质环境对重构胚体外发育的影响与核移植中的胞质效应，并对异种克隆胚胎采用了去透明带移植和配种后再移植的方法，探讨移植方法和妊娠因子对异种克隆胚胎在受体动物体内发育的影响，旨在为解决异种克隆胚移植不易着床发育的难题和为提高动物克隆效率提供理论依据。

The experiment results were as following:All cytoplast recipients derived from oocytes of rabbit, bovine and goat can support early development of cloned embryo, the fusion rate of reconstructed embryos of goat-bovine and goat-rabbit were 59.91% and 74.10%, their cleaved rate were 57.48% and 72.57%, blastocyst rate were 9.59% and18.06% respectively, and the fusion of reconstructed embryos of goat-rabbit and goat-goat were 60.01% and 74.10%, their cleaved rate were 56.68% and 72.57%, blastocyst rate were 11.76% and18.06% respectively.

试验获得了如下结果：1。以山羊耳成纤维细胞为供体，以牛、羊、兔卵母细胞做为胞质受体构建重构胚，并经体外培养，发现不同的胞质受体均能支持重构胚的早期发育，但受体胞质对重构卵的重构胚早期发育速度和卵裂率均有显著影响。

To obtain the high quality image of discrete phase distribution, the paper puts forward a new algorithm of image reconstruction, which is based on minimum two multiplications and SIRT iterative technique. The experimental results show that the model is reliable, the accuracy of algorithm is higher, the reconstructed image accords with the actual situation, and the quality of reconstructed image is improved.

为获取高质量的离散相分布图像，根据基于约束的最小二乘法和SIRT算法，提出了一种带有最优修正的新的图像重建算法，实验结果证明具有很高的图像重建精度，图像质量得到改善。

The detected leakage signal can be decomposed into a sum of finite intrinsic mode functions by EMD, some of IMFs embracing typical AE characteristic can be selected to be reconstructed. Thus, noise interference can be eliminated. The reconstructed signals are analyzed and their cross-correlation parameter is calculated.

该信号分析方法将管道泄漏产生的声发射信号通过EMD分解为多个平稳的固有模态函数之和，选择包含声发射特征的若干IMF分量进行重构，可以提取到管道泄漏声发射信号的本质特征，消除噪声信号的干扰。

This immediately brings us to the next part of this article: creating an output "replace function".

下面进入文章的第二部分：建立一个"缓存处理函数"。

He was elected as an International Ornithological Committee member in 2002 during the 24th IOC held in Beijing.

现为中国鸟类学会理事和WPA 专家组成员。2002年被推选为国际鸟类委员会委员。