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Due to the development of real-time systems, more and more safety-critical applications become use real-time system as the kernel of the control system, and real-time systems become an affectable factor to determine the dependability of the safety-critical application.

摘要随着实时计算技术的飞速发展，越来越多的安全关键应用依赖实时系统作为核心控制部件，实时系统成为影响安全关键应用性能和可靠性的决定性因素。

CAN bus has been the most promising fieldbus and it has been widely used in many areas, but with the increasing of complicacy in automation systems for industrial controlling, people have more and more strict requirement to the real-time capability of information, So it is very important to study the real-time characteristic of CAN protocol for surmounting the limitation of aptotic priority in CAN protocol by taking effective measures and improving the real-time characteristic of communication system based on CAN bus.

CAN总线是目前最有前途的现场总线之一，它已经在多个领域得到了广泛的应用，然而随着工业控制自动化系统复杂性的增加，对信息实时性的要求越来越高，因此，研究CAN协议的实时性问题，采取合理的措施克服CAN协议中固定优先级机制的缺陷，提高CAN总线通讯系统的实时性具有重要的应用价值。

AFDX is applied in aviation and spaceflight field more abroad with its unique advantage, but because of its communication model, It can't satisfy the requirement of divinable and low latency of the real-time mission, The research of real-time of AFDX has became a important task, To improve the real-time of the network, the most doable method is to adopt the priority management model. This paper analyzes the issue of packet transmission with different priority; gives the average queue time and stay time of packets with different priority under two queue models and gives the computer simulation.

航空电子全双工交换式以太网以其独有的优势在航空航天等领域的应用不断扩展，但是由于通信模式，无法满足实时任务的可预测性和低延迟等要求，因此，研究AFDX的实时性成为一个重要的课题，为了提高网络的实时性最可行的措施就是采取优先级管理模式，对具有优先级的分组传输问题进行了分析，给出了两种优先级排队模型下，不同优先级分组的平均排队等待时间和平均逗留时间，并进行了计算机仿真。

On one hand, he depicts the real urban life in great detail, say, the migrant works busy dismantling and constructing, and view of the streets; on the other hand, the presentation of images are not real, for example, the exhaust pipe does not accord with its real proportion, but forcibly and excludingly occupies the picture.

正基于此，一方面，艺术家对真实的都市场景进行了细致的描绘，注重局部情节的叙事特征，比如，那些工地上忙碌拆与建的民工，道路两旁的街景等等，都是来源于现实生活的视觉经验；但另一方面，艺术家又强化了图像在视觉表达上的不真实感，例如，画面中那些排气管就是经过主观处理了的，它们完全不符合视觉再现的比例，它们的出现无疑也是对画面空间的侵占，它们既是强势的，也是&排它&的。

A better algorithm and corresponding real time implementation scheme are proposed. By methodic arranging the clocks of CPU and AD/DA, the scheme can not only scale the pitch in two octave range effectively, but also process the real time input audio for synchronous scaling output. The experimental results on Windows platform indicate the modest CPU and memory consumption, so as to meet the requirement of real time applications.

改造后的实时变调算法与实现方案通过合理控制CPU时钟和AD/DA时钟的时序关系，不仅能够在两个八度音范围内进行有效的变调，而且能够对实时输入的音频信号进行同步变调输出，在Windows平台上验证实验还表明新方案具有较低的CPU占用率和内存消耗，能够满足实时应用的要求。

As the enterprise operation environment is becoming more and more complex and uncertain, the traditional investment decision methods, representated by the NPV principle, can not be suitable for evaluating the real value of the project any longer due to neglection of the capital investment operating and strategic adaptability. The real option theory, however, regards opportunities and flexibilities as options to analyze, and takes the flexibilities value into full consideration, so the real option method is an important development of the investment decision theory.

随着企业经营环境的复杂性与不确定性程度的提高，以净现值法为代表的传统投资决策方法由于存在忽视经营柔性和战略影响的缺陷，已越来越难以正确评价投资机会的真实价值，而基于期权定价理论的实物期权定价方法将投资项目中的各种投资机会与经营柔性视作期权进行分析量化研究，充分考虑了投资活动中各种灵活性的价值，是企业投资决策理论方法的一大飞跃。

The essence of EDID is to set up a normal behavior fuzzy sub collection A on the basis of watching the normal system transfer of the privilege process, and set up a fuzzy sub collection B with real time transfer array, then detect with the principle of minimum distance in fuzzy discernmethodThe innovation point of this paper is : Put forward the method of EDID, can not only reduce efficiently false positive rate and false negative rate, also make real time intrusion detection to become possibility; have independent and complete character database, according to the classification of monitoring program, design normal behavior and anomaly behavior etc., have raised the strongness of IDS; Use tree type structure to preservation the character database, have saved greatly stock space; in detection invade , carry out frequency prior principle, prior analysis and handling the behavior feature of high frequency in information table, have raised efficiency and the speed of detection, make real time intrusion detection to become possibility; have at the same time realized anomaly intrusion detection and misuse intrusion detection, have remedied deficiency of unitary detection method.

本文的创新点是：通过对特权进程的系统调用及参数序列的研究，提出了基于Euclidean距离的入侵检测方法EDID，不仅能有效降低漏报率和误报率，而且使实时入侵检测成为可能；设计有独立而完整的特征数据库，根据被监控程序的类别，分别设计正常行为、异常行为等，提高了检测系统的强健性和可伸缩性；特征数据库按树型结构存储，大大节省了存储空间；在检测入侵时，实行频度优先原则，优先分析和处理信息表中的高频度行为特征，提高检测的速度和效率，使实时入侵检测成为可能；同时实现了异常入侵检测和误用入侵检测，弥补了单一检测方法的不足。

The application status of Real time and Embedded softwa re is introduced in this paper firstly ,and based on analyzing character of Real time and Embedded softwar e including real time nature ,embed nature and reactive nature, the paper summar izes the current domestic and foreign research thing of this field ,including va rious kinds of test method, test ...

本文首先概括地介绍了实时嵌入式软件的应用现状，在详细分析了实时嵌入式软件的特征—实时性、嵌入特性和反应性—的基础上，综述了在该领域的国内外测试现状，包括各种测试方法、测试工具、测试策略和存在的问题。最后，对实时嵌入式软件的测试进行了小结。

The application status of Real time and Embedded softwa re is introduced in this paper firstly ,and based on analyzing character of Real time and Embedded softwar e including real time nature ,embed nature and reactive nature, the paper summar izes the current domestic and foreign research thing of this field ,including va rious kinds of test method, test tool, test strategy and problems.

这些特性主要表现为实时性、反应性和嵌入特性。这些特点向实时嵌入式软件的测试提出了许多新的挑战。本文首先详细分析了实时嵌入式软件的应用特点，分析了这些特点对测试带来的困难，并详尽地介绍实时嵌入式软件的测试技术，包括测试方法、测试策略和测试现状。

I wonder when Swatow can have a real airport, a real railway and a real free highway.

一条真正的铁路和一条自由自在的高速公路。。。。。

As of Tuesday, Google's results were still censored in China.

截至周二，谷歌的搜索结果仍受中国审查。

In order to make the positive action increase and negative one decrease, the sub-forces of the social factors must be adjusted to form a centripetal force.

在这一过程中，人的主体性发挥是社会有机体健康发展的灵魂。