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At present,the rate laws and reaction mechanisms of pyrite oxidation,pyrite and chalcopyrite formation,uraninite and magnetite dissolution in aqueous solutions are mainly studied,and it is discovered that (1)oxidation rate of pyrite controlled by surface reaction assume fractional dependence on Fe3+ and O2 molalities in acid solutions;(2)Pyrite cannot nucleate directly from solutions below 300 ℃,it can only form initially through sulfidation of a FeS precursor. The rate equation of reaction between FeS and H2S to form pyrite is of the second order;(3)Chalcopyrite is formed by reactions of pyrrhotite or pyrite with Cu2+,the former proceeds via a series of mediate metastable phases of Cu-Fe sulfide,whereas the rate equation of the latter is apparently of the first order which is controlled by surface reaction;(4)The nonlinear behavior of magnetite dissolution at acid pH can be represented by a shrinking core model coupling with surface reaction and diffusion transport.

目前主要研究了水溶液中黄铁矿氧化、黄铁矿和黄铜矿形成、晶质铀矿和磁铁矿溶解的速率定律和反应机理，发现：(1)酸性溶液中黄铁矿的氧化速率对Fe3+和O2浓度呈分数依赖并受表面反应的控制；(2)低于300 ℃时黄铁矿不能从溶液中直接成核，而需初始地通过FeS先驱物的硫化生成，FeS与H2S反应形成黄铁矿的速率方程为二级；(3)磁黄铁矿或黄铁矿与Cu2+反应均可形成黄铜矿，前者经历了一系列准稳的Cu-Fe硫化物的中间物，后者的速率方程为表观一级并受表面反应的控制；(4)酸性pH时磁铁矿的非线性溶解行为可采用表面反应扩散输运耦合的收缩核模型来描述。

A compound 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)[60] fullerene pyrrolidine was synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the fullerene(C60) and azomethine ylide (prepared from glycine and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde). The product was characterized by UV-Vis,1H-NMR ,FT-IR and MS. The reaction conditions affecting the yields of product were investigated and the optimum reaction conditions with product yield 75%(based on consumed C60) were:molar ratio of C60∶3-hydroxybenzaldehyde:glycine 1∶3∶6,reaction temperature 95℃,reaction time 18h.

利用甘氨酸和3-羟基苯甲醛与C60发生1， 3-偶极环加成反应，合成分离得到了2-(3-羟基苯基)[60]富勒烯吡咯烷，用UV-Vis、1H-NMR、FT-IR、MS等测试手段表征了产物的结构，并通过单因素方法，探讨了反应条件对产物产率的影响，得到最佳工艺条件：反应物摩尔比1∶3∶6，温度95 ℃，反应时间18 h，产物的产率可达75%（以消耗的C60计）。

The main work we did on synthesis: We studied bromination reaction influence factor in detail, such as reaction time、reaction temperature、solvent dosage、reagent mole ratio, and optimized the reaction condition, discussed reaction mechanism rudimentally.

本文在合成方面所做的工作：系统研究了对称二醇的单溴代反应反应时间、反应温度、溶剂用量、反应物摩尔比等因素对产率的影响。

After analyzing the reaction mechanism through literature, we think the reaction from diethanolamine to iminodiatic salt is composed of two steps—reaction from alcohol to aldehyde and the disproportionation reaction of the aldehyde. The selectivity, conversion, rate of this reaction are mainly attributed to the capability of this catalyst.

通过查阅文献资料，分析了反应机理，认为二乙醇胺脱氢生成酸是由两步反应组成─醇脱氢生成醛与醛的歧化，催化剂的性能是影响反应转化率、选择性及反应速度的主要因素，确定了采用沉淀法制备Cu/ZrO2做催化剂。

The research result of the reaction between DMHAN and heptavalent technetium in nitric acid indicates that, in the studied range, DMHAN does not react with heptavalent technetium, which means that, heptavalent technetium does not directly consume DMHAN. 4, The research result of the reaction between MMH and Tc in nitric acid indicates that, this reaction is composed of three stages, induction period, fast reaction period and the termination of the reaction.

3，DMHAN和七价锝反应的研究结果表明：研究范围内，DMHAN不与七价锝发生反应，即七价锝的存在不会造成还原剂DMHAN的消耗； 4，MMH与七价锝反应的研究结果表明：MMH与七价锝的反应分为三个阶段，即诱导期、快速反应阶段和反应终止。

The Suzuki reaction, the coupling of organoborate compounds with organic electrophiles catalyzed by Palladium complexes, is a valuable Csp2-Csp bond forming reaction. The reaction has been drawing increased attention in that the reaction permit the use of organoboron compounds that are thermally stable and inert to water and oxygen.In this section microwave promoted Suzuki reaction of phenylboronic acid with benzyl halides catalyzed by Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 DMF/H2O(v/v=10 : 2) was first reported.

第四章：微波辐射下Pd配合物催化端烯与芳卤偶联反应研究本章中我们在微波辐射条件下，研究了PdclZ(P Ph3)：催化端烯与芳卤的偶联反应，合成出了七种乙烯基化合物；并分别考察了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、原料配比、和PTc等因素对反应的影响，优选出了较佳的反应条件，并根据文献及实验结果，讨论了可能的反应机理。

Four phenylalanine derivatives were synthesized with this approach. The condition of the condensation reaction was optimized. The side reaction of the Curtius reaction was studied and a urine by-product was isolated and characterized.b. Through the detailed study of the behavior of various N-acetyl phenylalanine methyl esters under the condition of the Bischler-Napieralski reaction, it was found for the first time that the formation of benzyl oxazole derivatives was a competitive approach with the normal B-N reaction.

一、基于Bischler-Napieralski反应设计了以苯丙氨酸衍生物为原料的路线，在这条路线的研究中，主要取得了以下结果：、建立了一条以芳香醛和丙二酸单甲酯为原料，通过缩合、氢化、Curtius等反应制备苯丙氨酸甲酯的通用合成路线，对其中的缩合反应条件及Curtius反应中的副反应进行了深入的研究，利用这条路线合成了四个芳环取代的苯丙氨酸单甲酯衍生物。

The side reaction of the Curtius reaction was studied and a urine by-product was isolated and characterized.b. Through the detailed study of the behavior of various N-acetyl phenylalanine methyl esters under the condition of the Bischler-Napieralski reaction, it was found for the first time that the formation of benzyl oxazole derivatives was a competitive approach with the normal B-N reaction. A convincing mechanism was suggested and a rule governing the reaction was summarized.c.

一、基于Bischler-Napieralski反应设计了以苯丙氨酸衍生物为原料的路线，在这条路线的研究中，主要取得了以下结果：、建立了一条以芳香醛和丙二酸单甲酯为原料，通过缩合、氢化、Curtius等反应制备苯丙氨酸甲酯的通用合成路线，对其中的缩合反应条件及Curtius反应中的副反应进行了深入的研究，利用这条路线合成了四个芳环取代的苯丙氨酸单甲酯衍生物。

The results show that:First, concentration of hydrogen peroxide have the most obvious influence to oil yield and carbon black yield,with the increase of concentration of hydrogen peroxide the oil yield first increase then decrease,when concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 8.19% or so,the oil yield reach to the biggest value, and with the increase of concentration of hydrogen peroxide carbon black yield decrese;Then,reaction time have more obvious influence to oil yield and carbon black yield,oil yield increase but carbon black yield decrease with the increase of reaction time;Thirdly,reaction tempreture have some influence to oil yield and carbon black yield,samely,oil yield increase but carbon black yield decrease with the increase of reaction tempreture;Finally,reaction pressure does almost no influence on oil yield and carbon black yield.

研究结果表明：过氧化氢质量浓度对产油率和炭黑产率的影响最为显著，产油率随过氧化氢质量浓度的提高先提高后降低，在过氧化氢质量浓度为8.19%左右时达到最大值，炭黑产率随过氧化氢质量浓度的提高而降低；反应时间对产油率和炭黑产率的影响也比较显著，产油率随反应时间的增加而提高，炭黑产率随反应时间的增加而降低；反应温度对产油率和炭黑产率也有一定的影响，产油率随反应温度的提高而相应地提高，炭黑产率随反应温度的提高而降低；在本文实验范围内，反应压力对产油率和炭黑产率基本上没有影响。

In this paper, firstly using natural fatty acids including lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid etc. and disproportionated rosin as starting materials, the acyl reaction of starting materials with SOCl_2 respectively, and then using Schotten-Baumann condensation: on the reaction conditions of alkalescence, condensation of acylchloride with amino acid (sarcosine, glycine, alanine etc.), and then acidification, saltation. A series of anionic surfactants of N-acyl amino: sodium N-fatty acyl sarcosinate (SFS-12, SFS-14, SFS-16); sodiun N-fatty acyl glycinate(SFG-12, SFG-14, SFG-16); sodium N-fatty acyl alaninate(SFA-12, SFA-14, SFA-16)and sodium N-disproportionated rosinoyl aminatewere prepared. During the preparation of N-acylamino acid, the reaction conditions of acylchloride with amino acid condensation were identified by optimizing the synthetic conditions of N-lauroyl sarcosine: mol ratio of amino acid to acylchloride 2:1, reaction taken place in a solvent composed by acetone/water 2:1, acylchloride and 20% NaOH were slowly added to the reaction mixture at the same time while maintaining the pH at 9~10, after completion of adding maintaining reacting for 2.5h at 25℃.

首先以月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸等天然脂肪酸和歧化松香为原料，与氯化亚砜反应制得酰氯，然后采用Schotten-Baumann 缩合法路线，即在碱性条件下，酰氯和氨基酸(肌氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸等)缩合，经过酸化、成盐，合成一系列氨基酸型阴离子表面活性剂：脂肪酰肌氨酸钠，即月桂酰肌氨酸钠(SFS-12)、肉豆蔻酰肌氨酸钠(SFS-14)、棕榈酰肌氨酸钠(SFS-16)；脂肪酰甘氨酸钠，即月桂酰甘氨酸钠(SFG-12)、肉豆蔻酰甘氨酸钠(SFG-14)、棕榈酰甘氨酸钠(SFG-16)；脂肪酰丙氨酸钠，即月桂酰丙氨酸钠(SFA-12)、肉豆蔻酰丙氨酸钠(SFA-14)、棕榈酰丙氨酸钠(SFA-16)；N-歧化松香酰基氨基酸钠(sodium N-disproportionated rosinoyl aminate)，即N-歧化松香酰基肌氨酸钠(sodium N-disproportionated rosinoyl sarcosinate ，简称SDRS)、N-歧化松香酰基甘氨酸钠(sodium N-disproportionated rosinoyl glycinate，简称SDRG)、N-歧化松香酰基丙氨酸钠(sodium N-disproportionated rosinoyl alaninate，简称SDRA)。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新