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Fluorescence in situ hybridization was carried out to confirm the integration of HBV DNA into male pronucleus and its replication with cell division in embryonic development.(Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR) and immunofluoresence assay were performed to observe the expression of the HBV gene in two-cell stage.

材料与方法：成熟雄鼠麻醉后双侧睾丸注射经脂质体DOSPER包裹的HBV质粒，手术后雄鼠与超排雌鼠合笼交配，用荧光原位杂变(Fluorescence in situ hybridization，FISH)分别检测单细胞胚和二细胞胚间期核中HBV DNA的存在与复制，用逆转录聚含酶链反应(Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction，RT-PCR)和免疫荧光方法检测HBV基因在二细胞胚胎中的表达。

KCR and HCD are erucic acid synthesis genes. In order to reveal the relationship between the synthesis of erusic acid and the quantitative expression of its functional genes, and to reveal the theoretic base of the breeding for high erucic acid content, the expression of KCR and HCD had been analyzed kinetically and quantitatively by using regular reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the internal standards of QuantumRNA18S during the growing period of high erucic acid content lines of Brassica Juncea.

研究应用常规RT-PCR(Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction)的技术和QuantumRNA18S内标对芥菜型高芥酸油菜生育期内芥酸合成基因KCR、HCD基因的表达进行量化分析，了解芥酸的合成与功能基因量化表达的关系，为芥菜型油菜的高芥酸品种的选育提供理论依据。

Part III, 12-benzyl dehydroabietyl thioisocyanate was synthesized from methyl 12-benzyl dehydroabietic acid, by hydrolysis, chloride, Curtius reaction to give isocyanate which was hydr- olysied to amine under acidic condition, and with the method of CS2 at last, the maximal excitat- ion wavelength was bathochromic shifted 14nm compared to DDHA-NCS.

第三部分，从12-苯甲酰基脱氢松香酸甲酯出发，经过水解，酰氯化、Curtius reaction得到异氰酸酯，在酸性条件下水解成胺，最后由二硫化碳法得到一种新的荧光衍生试剂12-苯甲酰基脱氢松香酸异硫氰酸甲酯，与DDHA-NCS相比，最大激发波长红移了14nm。

This NS-MCM-41-Pd proves to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst to catalyze aryl bromides with organozinc reagents for Negishi reaction. In the third suject, fluorescent surfactants with different conjugated aromatic moieties and changeable and gradually extended hydrophobic lengths were successfully synthesized by multiple synthesized manipulations.

首先利用颗粒大小为奈米尺度(约100 nm)、表面积约 660 m2/g 与孔径大小约 2.6 nm 且孔道分布为虫洞结构之孔洞材料，NS-MCM-41，作为异相触媒担体，稼接上钯错合物形成异相催化剂 NS-MCM-41-Pd，催化 aryl bromides 与 organozinc reagents 进行 Negishi reaction，并探讨触媒反应后再回收活性测试。

SP-R mRNA in nasal mucosa, obtained from two groups, were used to do reverse transcriptive polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot.

以β-肌动蛋白作内标准，利用逆转录-多聚酶链反应(reverse transcriptive polymerase chain reaction， RT-PCR)，对变应性鼻炎模型组和对照组大鼠鼻粘膜SP-R mRNA进行了定量研究。

The inhibiting effect of aluminous compounds including on alkali-silica reaction in gravel and zeolitization perlite mortars were investigated. The aluminous compounds content, the alkali reactivity of the aggregate and the alkali content will affect the inhibiting effect.

研究了Al3、α-Al2O3等不同的含铝化合物对砾石、沸石化珍珠岩2种集料碱硅酸反应膨胀的抑制作用，讨论了掺量、集料碱活性、碱含量对含铝化合物抑制碱硅酸反应（alkali silica reaction， ASR）效果的影响。

In this study,one pair of specific primer for mature chicken interleukin-18(ChIL-18) cDNA was designed and synthesized according to the previously published gene sequence of ChIL-18.The full length cDNA gene of ChIL-18 encoding mature active protein was amplified from LPS–stimulated MDCC-MSB1 cells by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction.Then it was cloned into pMD18-T vector. Sequencing analysis showed that the nucleotide sequence of this ChIL-18 mature protein gene was 5l0bp including the stop coden and the same as the published ChIL-18 cDNA sequence by Schneider K.

本研究根据已发表的ChIL-18成熟蛋白(mature ChIL-18，mChIL-18)的cDNA基因序列，设计一对特异性引物，应用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction，RT-PCR)技术从脂多糖刺激10小时活化的马立克氏病成淋巴细胞样细胞系MDCC-MSB1的cDNA中扩增出编码鸡IL-18成熟活性蛋白的全长基因，对扩增片段进行T-A克隆，经PCR、酶切鉴定及测序验证，成功获得ChIL-18成熟蛋白完整基因的克隆。

Methods Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, we detected 63 samples taken from 63 cases (including 36 invasive squamous carcinoma, 7 carcinoma in situ, 20 papillomas) for 248 point mutations in p53 gene.

采用聚合酶链反应――限制性片段长度多态性（polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms，PCR-RFLP）方法，对63例患者的送检标本（包括36例浸润性鳞状细胞癌，7例原位癌，20例乳头状瘤）中p53基因248位点的突变进行检测。

At present, some theoretical procedures were proposed to investigate the energies of intramolecular hydrogen bonds for special systems, such as cis-trans method, ortho-para method, and isodesmic reaction method.

现在，已有几种方法用来计算一些特殊体系中的分子内氢键键能，例如cis-trans方法、ortho-para方法和isodesmic reaction方法。

Flash forward to the 1964 formation of his first "serious" band Thee Strangeurs, later renamed Chain Reaction, which enjoyed occasional moments in the spotlight as the opening act for The Beach Boys and the Yardbirds.

快进至1964年，他组建了他的第一个&系列&乐队 Thee Strangeurs ，后来乐队改名为 Chain Reaction ，乐队很享受偶尔在聚光灯下为沙滩男孩和 Yardbirds 做暖场乐队的时光。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。