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The results indicate that the optimized sulfonylation reaction time is 4 h, the materiel rate of chlorosulfonic acid and 2-chloroimidazo[1,2-α]pyridine is 1.2 : 1, with ethylamine the yield increasing from 15.4% to above 70%; the optimized ammonolysis reaction time is 3 h and the reaction temperature is 27℃, with the acetonitrile yield increasing from 60.1% to above 79.6%.

实验结果表明，磺酰化反应的最佳反应时间为4 h，氯磺酸与2-氯咪唑并[1，-α]吡啶的用量比为1.2：1，加入三乙胺可将收率由15.4%提高到70%以上；氨解反应的最佳反应时间为3 h，反应温度为27 ℃，加入乙腈可将收率由60.1%提高到79.6%；方案经改进后，总反应时间缩短3 h，收率提高了5.5%。

A reaction pathway for ammonolysis of O,O-dimethylphosphorochloridothioate without catalyst was proposed,based on the reaction mechanism of acyl halide ammonolysis ,and the pseudo-homogeneous reaction kinetics were founded.

模型表明：在反应前期，O，O-二甲基硫代磷酰氯浓度对速率影响很小，反应速率呈拟一级反应特征；但在反应后期，反应速率呈明显的二级反应特征。

To determine the condition of chromogenic reaction between iodine and amylum quantitatively, the author studied the law in the course of chromogenic reaction between iodine and amylum with the aid of spectrophotometer quantitatively, and found that maximum absorption wavelength is 610 nm, and the absorbance in the course of chromogenic reaction between iodine and amylum has not changed within 7 hours.

为了确定碘和淀粉反应的定量关系，本文利用分光光度计定量地研究了碘和淀粉显色反应过程中吸光度的变化规律，发现碘和淀粉显色反应的最大吸收波长为610 nm，碘和淀粉显色反应的吸光度在七小时内基本不变，可以进行比色分析。

Feeding can, output can and etching gas transmission system are connected on the reaction chamber, plate type positive and negative electrodes installed in parallel in the reaction chamber, with the negative pole connected with the water cooling device that connected with seal wave tube and the bottom of the reaction chamber actively, bottom of the water cooling device connecting with the vibrating source through vibrating shift lever, with the seal wave tube, vibrating shift lever and vibrating source on the bottom bracket that fastened to the bottom and installed on the oblique angle adjusting bracket.

本发明反应室上连接投料罐、出料罐和刻蚀气体输送系统，反应室内平行装有板式阳极和阴极，阴极与水冷装置连接，水冷装置通过密封波纹管与反应室底部活动连接，水冷装置底端通过振动转换杆连接振动源；密封波纹管、振动转换杆和振动源位于底架上，底架与反应室底部固定连接并安装于倾角调整支架上。

The results show that the oxidation process of arsenopyrite is speeded up with increasing concentration of FeCl3solution and rising temperature of reaction within the temperature range of 15~35℃, whereas the reaction rate of arsenopyrite is reduced at 45℃, and that the arsenic released from the reaction of arsenopyrite with FeCl3acidic solutions whose concentration is lower than 1×10-4mol·kg-1is in the form of As, which is likely to be soon oxidized into As in the FeCl3acidic solution.

结果显示：在温度为 15~35℃内，毒砂的氧化随FeCl3溶液浓度增加和反应温度升高而加速，而45℃时毒砂的反应速率反而降低；毒砂在与氧化剂FeCl3酸性溶液(浓度小于1×10-4mol·kg-1)反应时释放到溶液中的砷为As，As在FeCl3酸性溶液中很快被氧化成As。

The experimental results indicate that the autoxidation of phosphine has two types of reaction operating at the same time: a free radical chain reaction and the direct reaction between phosphine and oxygen.

实验结果表明，膦化物在燃油介质中的氧化反应有两种反应类型同时进行，即：自由基链反应及膦化物与氧气的直接作用。

The reaction was carried at 50 ℃ for 5 hours, ethanol from the reaction was removed by distilling the azeotrope of ethyl acetate and ethanol to complete the reaction.

反应在50 ℃下进行5 h，以过量的乙酸乙酯与生成的乙醇共沸除掉乙醇，使反应进行完全。

Starting from 3-benzoyl-5-formyl-indolizine, 3-benzoyl-5-(2'2'-diacetylethenyl)-indolizines and analogs were obtained by the 〓mediated aldol condensation or Wittig reaction. These compounds,promoted by low-valent titanium, gave highly functionlizedcycl[3,2,2]azine derivatives. The coupling reaction proceeded betweenthe carbonyl group and the carbon-carbon double bond, a rare example inMcMurry reaction.

我们以3-苯甲酰基-5-甲酰基中氮茚为原料，通过三碘化钐促进的aldol反应和Wittig反应制备了3-羰基-5-羰基乙烯基中氮茚，随后经低价钛还原偶联，没有生成正常的分子内羰基-羰基偶联产物，而是得到反常的羰基与α，β-不饱羰基的双键偶联产物，较高收率地得到了含多官能团的CycI[3，2，2]azine衍生物。

In chapter three, the activating agents of ytterbium have been examined. Barbier-type reaction promoted by ytterbium metal was examined. The experimental results shown that the yield of Barbier reaction of imines with allylic bromide promoted by ytterbium is higher than that of aldehydes and ketones with allylic bromide under the same reaction conditions. In this chapter, the reductive cleavage of Se-Se and S-S bond induced by ytterbium metal was also studied.

首先研究了金属镱的活化剂以及活化方法，接着考察了金属镱促进的Barbier反应及其在合成高烯丙基胺和高烯丙基醇中的应用，以及影响该反应的主要因素；究了金属镱促进的二硫醚和二硒醚的S—S键和Se—Se键的还原断裂，继而与氯代烃，胺基甲酰氯反应生成相应的硫醚，硒醚，胺基甲酸硫代酯和硒代酯。

The effect of reaction conditions such as the initiator concentration,reaction temperature and reaction time on the percent content of carboxyl groups of the derivative was investigated.

淀粉是一种可降解又可再生的天然多糖高分子，其开发和应用日益引起人们的高度重视[1~6]。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。