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The catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol in air as probe reaction was performed without any organic solvent or cocatalyst, and the influences of the amount of metal porphyrin, reaction pressure, reaction temperature and reaction time on the catalytic activity were investigated.

以空气氧化环己烷制备环己酮和环己醇为探针反应，在不加入任何有机溶剂或助催化剂的条件下考察了金属卟啉用量、反应压力、温度、时间等对其催化活性的影响。

Effects on the reaction of factors such as reactant ratio, reaction time, and reaction temperature were investigated, and optimum reaction conditions were determined as follows: mole ratio of cyanuric chloride to ethylamine to sodium hydroxide to sodium methyl mercaptide was 1:2.1:2.0:1.7, and the temperature and time of the first, second, and third substitution reactions were -2, 0, and 82℃ and 30, 60, and 180 min, respectively.

讨论了原料配比、反应时间和反应温度等因素对反应的影响，获得了较佳的反应条件。较佳反应条件为三聚氯氰：乙胺：氢氧化钠：甲硫醇钠＝l：2.1：2.0：1.7，第一、第二、第三取代反应的反应温度和反应时间分别为-2℃、0℃、82℃和30、60、180min。

The results were as follows:(1) Reaction-time is a distinguishable item;(2)Reaction-time of seamen is longer than seafaring students;(3)Reaction-time are different of age group;(4)Reaction-time got one or two difference of seaman s work age,sailing age,headship,education,source and marriage.

结果表明：①反应时是一项鉴别力很高的项目；②海员的反应比航海专业学员的反应时长；③不同年龄海员组的反应时存在差异；④海员的其它个人特征如工龄、海龄、职务、学历、来源和婚否的不同对反应时的影响只表现在其中的个别方面或没有影响。

Cyclic voltammetry indicated that there were Cr→Cr, Cr →Cr oxidation reaction on anode, while there were Cr→Cr, Cr→Cr, Cr →Cr deoxidization reaction on cathode. The graphite electrodes treated by acid and heating could enhance the reversibility and kinetic of the electrode reaction. The nature graphite electrodes had been eroded during charge/discharge process, while the graphite electrodes by activation could avoide corroding by hexad chromium ion. The reversibility and kinetic of the electrode reaction of chromium ion on activation electrode had been increased, so which indicated that graphite surface augment oxygenous function corps which could increase electrode hydrophile capability.

循环伏安实验表明：铬液流电池的电极反应非常复杂，在阳极存在Cr→Cr，Cr→Cr的氧化反应，在阴极存在Cr→Cr，Cr→Cr，Cr→Cr的还原反应；热处理的石墨电极和重铬酸钾处理的石墨电极能提高电极反应的活性和可逆性；在充放电实验中未处理的石墨电极发生严重腐蚀；分别用这两种方法处理过的石墨电极具有防止六价铬侵蚀的功能；铬离子在活化处理过的石墨电极上的反应活性和可逆性增加，可以认为：重铬酸钾溶液活化处理和加热处理后的石墨表面的含氧官能团增加，电极亲水性增强。

Results show that 4-oxo-β-ionone is the major product with yield of 53.5% under the conditions as follows: reaction temperature 45℃, reaction time 24 h, the molar ratio of n: n(NaClO3): n 20: 100: 3, and pH value of solution in 1-3; on the other hand, 5,6-epoxy-β-ionone is major product with yield of 25.4% when reaction temperature is 40℃, reaction time is 24 h, the molar ratio of n: n(NaClO3): n is 20: 120: 5, and pH values of solution is 3. The excessive β-ionone can be recovered by vacuum distillation for reusing again. 4-oxo-β-ionone and 5,6-epoxy-3-ionone were purified by recrystallization and silica gel column chromatograph respectively with the purity over 98%.

研究结果表明：氯酸钠氧化β-紫罗兰酮的反应主要生成4-氧代－β-紫罗兰酮和5，6-环氧－β-紫罗兰酮，经重结晶和硅胶柱层析分离，纯度高于98%；4-氧代－β-紫罗兰酮的有利合成条件是反应温度为45℃，反应时间为24h，溶液的pH值为1~3，反应物配比n：n(NaClO3)：n为20：100：3，最佳收率为53.5%；5，6-环氧－β-紫罗兰酮有利的合成条件是反应温度为40℃，反应时间为24h，溶液的pH值为3，反应物配比n：n(NaClO3)：n为20：120：5，其收率为25.4%；未反应的β-紫罗兰酮经减压蒸馏回收后可重复使用。

Through mechanism analyzing on the process of producing HMT , it was known that because the resistance of isobutylene was small ,the yield of outgrowth in such a reaction system was little and the yield of reaction was as high as 86%. 2,3-dimethyI-butene-2 had the biggest resistance and lowest yield of reaction of 18%. 2,3-dimethyl-butene-l had bigger resistance than isobutylene and more outgrowth than isobutyles but its yield of reaction could reach 70%.

通过对上述三种烯烃合成HMT的研究可知，由于新己烯位阻小，反应中副反应少，收率高达86％：而2，3—二甲基—丁烯—2的位阻最大，反应中副反应最多，反应收率最高仅为18％；2，3—二甲基—丁烯—1的位阻比新己烯大，反应副产物比新己烯多，但反应收率仍可达70％。

Finally, pentyl acetate and benteine could be respectively synthesized by esterification reaction in the presence of nanometer rare earth composite solid superacids (SO_4)~(2-)/ZrO_2-Gd_2O_3 and (SO_4)~(2-)/ZrO_2-Nd_2O_3. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, the mol ratio of acid to alcohol and the use level of catalyst on esterification yield were discussed. In the end, we obtained their optimal reaction conditions.

采用纳米稀土复合固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-Gd_2O_3，SO_4~(2-)，~/ZrO_2-Nd_2O_3分别合成了乙酸戊酯和乙酸苄酯两种香料，实验考察了反应时间、反应温度、醇酸比及催化剂的用量对酯化率的影响，并由此得出反应的最佳条件。

The paper compares the reaction of disinfectants of Cl,ClO_2 and ClO_2/Cl to 9 kinds THMs prodrome such as phenol,including volume from disinfectants on their prodrome contents,reaction pH values,reaction time,and reaction temperature.

主要考察了氯、二氧化氯和二氧化氯/氯(二氧化氯占混合溶液的质量分数为50%，90%)这3种消毒剂与苯酚等9种THMS前驱物的反应，并对这3种消毒剂在前驱物含量、反应pH值、反应时间和反应温度等条件下生成的氯仿量进行了比较。

The invention relates to a process for producing polyethylene terephthalate 1, 3-propanediol, which comprises the following steps: using titanic acid ester as major catalyst, using germanium compounds and cobalt compounds as synergic catalyst, conducting esterification reaction for poly terephthalic acid and 1, 3-propanediol according to the molar 1:1.05-2.2 under the nitrogen pressure of 0.1-0.4MPa and 230-265 DEG C, or conducting ester exchanging reaction for poly terephthalic acid and 1, 3-propanediol according to the molar ratio 1:1.8-2.2 in 160-220 DEG C, decompressing reaction to high vacuum 10-150Pa, wherein the final temperature of reaction is 265-275 DEG C, recovering to normal pressure with nitrogen to obtain the PTT product.

本发明涉及一种生产聚对苯二甲酸1，3-丙二醇酯的方法，采用以钛酸酯为主催化剂，锗化合物和钴化合物为协同催化剂，对苯二甲酸二甲酯和1，3-丙二醇按摩尔1∶1.05-2.2，在0.1-0.4MPa氮气压力和230-265℃下进行酯化反应，或对苯二甲酸二甲酯和1，3-丙二醇按摩尔比1∶1.8-2.2，在160-220℃进行酯交换反应，将反应减压至高真空10-150Pa，反应终温在265-275℃，用氮气恢复到常压，得到本PTT产品；大大缩短了反应时间，直接聚合制备特性粘度在0.7-1.05dL/g的PTT切片，使反应产物色相良好，PTT产品可用于纤维加工及工程塑料领域。

Therefore esterification crosslinked reactionbetween polyearboxylic acid and wood can be quantitatively determined.According toexperiment results of stereoscopic configuration choices by crosslinking agents,crosslinkingreaction between model of reaction intermediate and wood,and the intermediate characteristic incrosslinking reaction,crosslinking reaction intermediate was proofed.We can infercrosslinking reactions between polycarboxylicacid and wood want through a mechanism of twosteps reaction process,the first cyclic anhydrides were formed as intermediates by dehydratingbetween hydroxyls in polycarboxylic acids,second esters were occurred by substitution reactionbetween wood hydroxyls and cyclic anhydrides.

从而可全面定量表征木材与多元羧酸类化合物的酯化交联反应；依据交联剂立体构型选择性、反应中间体模型物与木材的交联反应和交联反应中间体的波谱特征实验结果，证实了交联反应中间体，因此可以推测：多元羧酸类化合物与木材化学组分的交联反应是经历两步反应的机理，首先多元羧酸中相邻羧基的羟基之间脱水形成五元环酸酐中间体，然后木材的羟基与酸酐发生亲核取代反应形成酯。

Vishnu entered a dark fourth dimensional dream that did not support his field or continued life.

毗瑟挐进入了一个第四密度的黑暗梦想，那里并不支持他的能量场或继续生命。

Leaders and decision-making persons use it to collect the data, including the information of unit work, handing in fee, oweing fee, prepaying fee,changing and afterpaying and account transfering of joining-insurance employee, and account paying of all kinds of insurances from hospitalization insurance institutions.The collected data is picked up, organized, switched and showed to user.

该子系统主要面向各级领导、决策分析人员；从各个医疗保险经办机构和定点医疗机构采集数据，包括在各个医疗保险经办机构处理的单位办公信息，单位缴费、欠费、预缴费信息，参保职工变更信息，参保职工增减变动信息，参保职工补缴信息，参保职工帐户划拨信息：包括各定点医疗机构处理的各险种帐户支出信息，各险种的统筹金支付信息等；将采集的数据提取，组织和转换，然后展示给用户。