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We introduced improved primary mixed glial culture and different-attachment method to isolate and purify the OPCs, the cells were proliferated in serum-free medium, flow cytometry and immunohischemistry methods were employed to estimate the purity of cultured OPCs. Their abilities of differentiation and expression of trophic factors were identified by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Several methods including TUNEL and MTT were adopted to estimate the protective effects of conditioned culture medium from oligodendrocyte lineage cells on the primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Intravitreal transplant of OPCs, combined with retrograde fluorescent labeling the superior colliculus and intraorbital optic nerve transection, were used to investigate the protective effects of OPCs on the axotomized RGCs in vivo. Intravitreal transplantof OPCs or NSCs on the newborn rats, and retinal transplant of OPCs on the young rats were performed, to observe the myelin formation in the retina at different stages after cellular transplantation. Optic nerve transection was carried out on some rats with myelinated retinae, to study the influence of myelination on the injuried RGCs.

为此，本研究采用改良的胶质细胞混合培养与差速贴壁方法获得大鼠OPCs，使用无血清培养基进行扩增、培养，用免疫组织化学和流式细胞技术对培养细胞的纯度进行鉴定，对少突胶质系细胞表达部分营养因子的情况进行检测；采用TUNEL、MTT等方法对少突胶质系细胞条件培养基对原代培养小脑颗粒神经元的保护作用进行检测；将OPCs移植入成年SD大鼠玻璃体内，利用上丘逆行荧光标记技术，观察眼内移植的OPCs对眶内视神经切断时的视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用及其持续时间；将OPCs或NSCs移植入新生和幼年SD大鼠玻璃体或视网膜内，观察不同时期视网膜内髓鞘形成与分布特点，分析髓鞘的超微结构，并观察眼内髓鞘形成对损伤神经节细胞的保护作用。

Methods 25 Wistar rats were divided into control group (n = 5) and lidocaine group (n = 20),and rats in lidocaine group which received intratracheal injection of lidocaine were sacrificed at 2,24,48,and 72h (5 rats at each time point),then the samples of 1 / 3 lower parts of trachea were collected and observed by scanning electron microscope.

将25只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组5只、利多卡因组20只，经大鼠气管穿刺注入利多卡因，并在2、24、48、72h4个时间点处死大鼠5只。取气管后1/3段的腹侧部，做扫描电镜观察大鼠气道黏膜表面结构。

Twenty-four diabetic rats with the disease-duration of more than 6 months underwent intravitreous injection (with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone in 10 rats, respectively), and the rest 4 rats weren′t injected with drugs as the diabetic positive control group.

将生存至病程6个月以上的24只大鼠分组，分别行玻璃体腔注射罗格列酮和吡格列酮（每组各10只），另4只不注射药物作为糖尿病阳性对照。

Rats in E group were given ethanol-containing diet (58%), in E+B group rats were fed ethanol-containing diet with β-carotene, and rats in C group were fed isoenergetic diet without ethanol or b-carotene.

以含有58%粉末酒精饲料饲养E组，以添加β-胡萝卜素之粉末酒精饲料饲养E+B组，对照组则是利用等热量之方式以不含粉末酒精饲料饲养。

In result 2.5% of the rats got slight hepatic enzymes increase, and 6.25% of the rats got slight fat degeneration for hepatic tissue specimens. Most of the rats with abmormal results occurred in the toxic and lethiferous group, and there was the increasing tendency with the increase of dose. There were no changes for renal function and tissue biopsy.

实验结果显示共有2.5％的小鼠出现了轻度的肝酶升高，组织病理有6.25％的小鼠肝组织出现了轻度的脂肪变性，结果异常的小鼠绝大多数发生于中毒剂量及致死剂量组，且有随着剂量增高而增加的趋势；肾功能及组织病理无明显改变。

Methods: Rats lipocyte of eight weeks swimming rats and control rats were incubated by RBP4. Glucose uptake, protein expression and phosphorylation of IR and IRS-1 in lipocyte were measured.

RBP4 孵育8 周游泳运动组和安静对照组大鼠（8 周龄SD）脂肪细胞，检测脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取、IR 和IRS- 1 蛋白表达和磷酸化。

INTERVENTION: The models of ischemia/reperfusion in SD rats were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion with a nylon monofilament suture. The rats were randomly divided into the treatment groups 32cases and the control group 32 cases. Each group was divided into eight subgroups, which consisted of 4 rats at 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 2days , 3 days, 7 days and 14 days after reperfusion of MACO.

干预措施：成年健康雌性SD大鼠68只，应用线栓法建立SD大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注模型，随机分为治疗组32只和对照组32只，每组再随机分为缺血1.5 h再灌流2，6，12，24 h，2，3，7，14 d组(n=4)，另外4只作假手术组。

Each group of rats was kept in a separate cage. All of the rats drank water freely and were fed on stand food for rats.The experiment lasted 4 weeks. Indexes to be examined are as follows:⑴spleen T lymphocyte transform value,⑵spleen NK cell activation alternation value,⑶abdominal cavity macrophagocyte IL-1 and IL-2 activation alternation value.

所有动物分笼饲养，各组均自由饮水，喂食标准鼠类饲料，实验时间为4周。4周后，ME组和FE组作一次性力竭游泳运动后和其他各组大鼠股动脉放血处死，留取血清，无菌取胸腺和脾脏，行以下指标检测：⑴脾脏T淋巴细胞转化值；⑵脾脏NK细胞毒活性的变化值；⑶腹腔巨噬细胞IL-1的活性变化值和脾脏分泌的IL-2的活性变化值。

Results: 1 Intense ERα immunoreactivity localized in the hypertrophic and maturative layer, and some immunoreactivity was found in osteoblasts of mandible and temporal bone, while no immunoreactivity was found in the disc and synovium. 2 The expression of ERα in male rats TMJ cartilage was higher than that in female ones. 3 In the condyle cartilage of male rats, the density of ERα positive cells decreased with age, which kept stable after 16 weeks of age. 4 In the condyle cartilage of male rats, the density of ERα positive cells was stable from birth to 8 weeks, but decreased from 16 weeks to 12 months, while the density in 18-month group recovered to the level of 8 weeks. Conclusion: TMJ is one of target organs of estrogen, and ERα plays an important role in the effect of estrogen on TMJ.

结果：1TMJ中ERα主要在髁突软骨的肥大层和过渡层表达，下颌骨和颞骨的骨细胞也有少量表达，而关节盘、滑膜中几乎无表达；2雄性SD大鼠髁突软骨中ERα的表达明显强于同龄的雌性大鼠；3在雄性大鼠TMJ髁突软骨中阳性细胞密度随年龄增长逐渐降低，16周以后逐渐维持在相对稳定的水平；4雌性大鼠从出生后到8周龄阳性细胞密度基本稳定，在16周龄至12月龄年龄组阳性细胞密度显著降低，而在18月龄后又恢复到8周龄以前的水平。

Methods45 rats were divided randomly into 9 groups: blank group, model group, masculine group, low, medium, high dosage groups of UL aqueous extracts, low, medimn, high dosage groups of UL ethanol extracts. After the model of arthritis induced by adjuvant was established in rats, the body weight of rats, the swelling of primary and secondary side, and the change of arthritis index were observed.

方法将45只大鼠随机分为空白组，模型组，阳性药组，宽叶荨麻水提物高、中、低浓度组，宽叶荨麻醇提物高、中、低浓度组，通过佐剂性关节炎模型来观察大鼠体重、原发侧和继发侧足跖肿胀度以及关节炎指数的变化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。