查询词典 rate of flow

A systematic study of correlation between nose disturbances and evoluted behaviors of asymmetric vortices over slender body models has been conducted. The new flow phenomena have been revealed in which the two-cycle behavior of Cy vs.γ curve for asymmetric vortices flow is continuously changed into one-cycle behavior with increasing of disturbance strength on the model nose tip. This newly found flow phenomenon is important and it provides a physical flow base to the perturbation active control of forebody asymmetric vortices flow.

系统研究并获得了头部人工微扰动的形式、位置和强度与非对称涡响应演化之间的相关关系，揭示了前体非对称涡系随头部扰动强度的变化呈现出由双周期向单周期连续演化的新现象，它为实现前体非对称涡的扰动主动控制提供了流动的物理基础，以此提出了单孔位微吹气扰动主动控制新技术。

In general, the design work with traditional measures is done by hand, which cannot meet the needs of the technology and manufacture. So the author has developed a CAD hydraulic design software fit for lower specific speed axial flow runner, which is easily operated by users.The main research work of this paper is as follows:1 Analyzing the main reason of axial flow power station cannot work well under littler volume of flow in some season and putting forward an improving scheme, pointing out the characters of design under abnormal factors.2 Combined with the development of the industry in our country, the abnormal hydraulic design method of propeller turbine is discussed based on present literature, data and experiment results.3 Guided by the design method of software engineering, a suit of hydraulic design software of Lower Specific Speed Axial Flow Runner is programmed by the object-oriented programming language Visual Basic and a straightforward, concise and standard Windows human-computer dialogue interface is designed for the system, which makes the operation of the system very convenient.4 ActiveX Automation technology is adopted as the interface with AutoCAD and the hydraulic drawings are edited, modified by AutoCAD until hydraulic model drawings according with the demand of engineering practice are output.5 To resolve practice problem, the author has designed a lower specific speed axial flow runner for Duowa Power Station through an example.

论文的主要内容有：1 深入分析很多轴流定桨式水电站枯水季节小流量下不能发电的主要原因，提出减容改造方案，并指出超常规条件下的改造设计特点。2 结合国情及行业发展需要，参考现有资料、文献和前人的研究成果，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法的研究，对轴流式转轮叶片的奇点分布法水力设计进行了全面的探索，结合现代计算机技术，找到了一种针对特殊条件的轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法。3 仔细比较多种AutoCAD二次开发工具后，结合本课题的特点，选用Visual Basic语言，综合应用软件工程的设计思想，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计软件的编制，为系统设计了直观、简洁和标准的Windows人机对话界面，便于用户操作；编程时在考虑到设计条件特殊性的同时，尽量做到程序的通用性，使之可用于解决同一类问题；另外，大部分程序还可移植到普通轴流式转轮叶片水力设计中，具有良好的适应性。4 利用ActiveX Automation技术与AutoCAD接口，对AutoCAD进行二次开发，在AutoCAD下实现水力图的自动生成和编辑，直至输出符合实际工程要求的木模图。5 通过算例，为多哇水电站设计了一个低比转速轴流定桨式转轮，解决其在枯水期小流量下不能发电的问题。

Besides, I also find that firms report negative earnings for fiscal year, which have less current and future earnings response coefficient than report positive earnings, and firms report negative cash flows from operating for fiscal year, which have less current cash flow response coefficient than report positive cash flows. Indicating that firms report negative earnings or cash flow, because losses are more transitory and which stock prices less information but which future cash flow response coefficient more than report positive cash flows. Inference of this study because cash flow have substance effect, so when firms have negative cash flows investor more care about it, which have more cash flow response coefficient, and further find while distinguishing the degree of sophisiticated investor, investor the sophisiticated degree proportion is higher. Because they know information of the earnings, firms have more degree of shareholder sophistication for fiscal year, which have more current and future earnings response coefficient than which have less.

此外，本文也发现报导损失之公司，其当期及未来盈余反应系数较报导利润之公司低，以及公司报导营业活动之现金流量为负时其当期营业活动之现金流量反应系数低於报导营业活动之现金流量为正之公司，显示公司报导损失或营业活动之现金流量为负时，因为通常都是暂时性的故其股票报酬的资讯性较低，不过其未来营业活动之现金流量反应系数高於报导营业活动之现金流量为正之公司，本研究推论因为现金流量是有实质的效果，所以当现金流量为负值时投资人应该会比较关注，所以其反应系数较高，而进一步发现当区分投资人之精明程度时，投资人精明程度比重较高，因其会辨识盈余资讯而认为公司进行损益平稳化会增加其资讯内涵，故当期及未来盈余反应系数相较於投资人精明程度较低者高。

Comparing the unsteady flow fields obtained by CFD with the measurement results with SPIV, it can be found that the CFD results can capture the main characteristics of the flow fields observed in the experiment results, however, the precision of the CFD needs to be further improved, and to predict the detail flow structures, such as the tip leakage vortex in the compressor rotor, by CFD still has some difficulties, thus, some work should be done to improve the turbulence model for more accuracy prediction of the flow fields by CFD for the complex flow in turbomachinery.

定常计算结果和非定常计算结果都不能很好地反映出转子叶尖泄漏流，转子尾迹和泄漏流在静子通道中的演化，及其与静子的相互作用等复杂流动情况。开展叶轮机适用的湍流模型研究，对于提高叶轮机内部复杂流动数值模拟的准确性具有非常重要的价值。

In chapter 1, an up to now synthetically evaluation is given on the research ways and conclusions about jet in cross-flow. Considering the shortage of previous research ways and techniques (the instantaneous flow field and vortices field can not be properly get), in addition to the deficiency of corresponding conclusion (mainly concentrate on the analysis of time-average but little on structures of flow and action of vortex), the research way and content is draft out in this part. Though PIV, the time-average, instantaneous flow field and vortices field can be get, that will unveil the coherent vortex and its course of generation, development and evolvement, with the assistance of K-ε model and Hybrid Finite Analytic Method , which will proof-test the experiment result and bring some complementary, more profound research about the 3-D characters can be done. Using some fundamental topological theory and principle on flow analysis, with anglicizing of vortex structure, a reasonable description is the topological characteristic of near field in JICF given.

首先在第一章中对横流中湍射流的以往研究方法和研究成果给予了综合的评述，针对横流中湍射流旋涡结构以往研究中研究方法的局限性（不能很好得到流动的瞬态流场及涡量场）和相应研究成果中存在的不足（大都集中在时均特性的分析，对流动的内部结构和旋涡的运动阐述很少），明确了本文的研究方法和研究内容：通过PIV流动测量显示技术得到流动的时均及瞬态流场、涡量场，来揭示横流中湍射流的时均、瞬态流场、涡量分布特性，和各种具有拟序结构性质的复杂涡系的产生、发展及演化过程；结合湍流k-ε双方程模型及相应的HFAM计算方法，对于实验进行相互验证和补充，从而更为充分地研究各种旋涡的三维特性；利用拓扑分析的一些基本原理及相关规则，依据对各种旋涡结构的分析，做出对射流近区流场拓扑性质的合理描述。

Firstly, according to the operating features of tie-line, the key decision factors deciding the operating mode of tie-line are extracted, a rule base of definition of tie-line operating modes is established and a discriminative model of tie-line operating modes is proposed; then during the design of the interface with data of EMS, the flow sheet for tie-line power flow monitoring is optimized; finally, an on-line monitoring system for tie-line power flow, which possesses the functions such as definition of tie-line operating mode rule base, transmission line operating mode monitoring and tie-line power flow monitoring, is developed, and the developed system can provide report forms of statistical analysis on transfinite record of tie-line power flow.

结合电网断面的运行特点提取了决定断面运行方式的关键因素，建立了断面运行方式定义规则库并提出了断面运行方式判别模型。在与EMS的数据接口设计中，对断面潮流监测流程进行了优化。在此基础上开发的电网断面潮流在线监测系统具有断面运行方式规则库定义、线路运行状态监测及断面潮流监测等功能，还可提供断面潮流超限记录的统计分析报表。

Next the discussion in this study, about an ellipse with an angle of attack and two circular cylinders with different diameters in the flow, the aim of this study is investigated for the ability of the present numerical method by solving the suppression of the vortex shedding flow behind the two-cylinder system which was kind of difficult to reach by a Cartesian grid method. In this study, the suppression of the vortex shedding flow is tested to solve a uniform flow past through two different diameter cylindrical in the flow field with Fractional Step Method and Immersed Boundary Method.The numerical method which we investigated is showed that the results of the problem is appropriable in other literatures.

接著探讨流过具攻角之椭圆柱体流场及流过圆柱抑制涡漩逸出之流场，目的是要研究利用控制圆柱来抑制下游涡流的流场行为，本文采用分步法配合内嵌边界法数值解析一均匀流流经两不同直径的圆柱流场，来测试抑制涡流逸出的问题，根据现有的数值结果发现试验运用了合适的方法且得到令人满意的结果。

According the experiential formulas of headbox to design the stepped diffuser headbox's geometry parameters. Supposing Paper suspension flow as potential flow and basing on hydrokinetic and computational fluid dynamics theories, we can solve the elliptoid partial differential equations which are followed by the flow functions and the potential functions by finite element method and simulate the flow's speed distribution with pde toolbox of matlab software. The simulate results and the flow analysis have good precision.

按照流浆箱的经验设计公式，设计阶梯扩散式流浆箱的各组件几何参数，以流体动力学、计算流体力学等理论为基础，假定浆流的流动为势流，采用有限元法求解浆流流动时其流函数和速度势函数所符合的椭圆型偏微分方程，应用matlab软件的偏微分方程工具包pde toolbox，模拟出所设计的流浆箱各组件内的浆流的流场流速分布，模拟结果与数值计算流动分析结果吻合。

The eruptive pattern of the Chifeng phase is: Plinian column (the Chifeng pumice fall deposits)→pyroclastic flow (the Changbai pyroclastic flow deposits)-lahar mainly triggerd by pyroclastic flow. The eruptive pattern of the Yuanchi phase is from Plinian column (the Yuanchi pumice and ash fall deposits)→pyroclastic flow (the Bingchang pyroclastic flow deposits).

赤峰期喷发模式为：普林尼式喷发柱－火山碎屑流－火山泥流，主要由火山碎屑流诱发火山泥流；园池期火山喷发模式为：普林尼式喷发柱－火山碎屑流。

The results show that the gas flow is represented as laminar flow in flat nozzle contour and turbulent flow in scraggling nozzle contour; The development of turbulent flow is good for the control effect of super-sound velocity gas flow and the dielectric strength recovery properties.

光滑喷口壁面吹弧气体的流动表现为层流；凸凹不平的喷口壁面吹弧气体的流动表现为湍流；对存在有湍流的不同喷口，湍流发展得越充分，越有利于控制超音速流的发展，从而有利于提高介质强度恢复速度。

"Please accept this talisman as a token of our thanks."

请收下这个护身符以表达我们的感谢。

If I have that magic, I will be more acceptable in the society.

如果我拥有那种魔法，我将更加被这个社会所容纳。