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The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

Sensitive range from 49.1% to 100%, specificity range from 18.2% to 90%,accurate range from 45.5% to 88.3%, PPV range from 34.1% to 95.2,NPV range from 22.2% to 100%,the combine sensitive was 82.7%,specificity was 63.3%;there were not obvious publish bias in the 9 articles, and there was heterology of the 9 articles, the forest figure show RR was 2.34[1.43,3.05],and its 95% confidence interval did not include 1,the chance of malignancy nodules'SUV above 2.5 were more than benign nodules.

文献报道的敏感性49.1-100%，特异性18.2-90.0%，准确性45.5-88.3%，阳性预测值34.1-95.2%，阴性预测值22.2-100%，Meta分析合并后的敏感性82.7%，特异性为63.3%，准确性为71.8%，阳性预测值80.8%，阴性预测值57.0%；漏斗图成近似倒三角形，认为文献无明显发表偏移；对文献异质性检验，P小于0.05，认为文献来源存在异质性；选用随机效应模式得到森林图，RR为2.34[1.43，3.05]，其95%的可信区间不包括1，认为肿瘤病人最大SUV 2.5法呈阳性的可能性大于非肿瘤病人，二者之间具有统计学差异；两篇来源于日本的文献显示日本国的18F-FDG PET肺占位显像假阴性率高于我国。

In the chiral SU(3) quark model, we use the coupling between quarks and nonet scalar meson fields and nonet pseudo-scalar meson fields to describe the medium and long range interactions, and use one gluon exchange to describe the short range interaction. In the extended chiral SU(3) quark model, besides the nonet pseudo-scalar meson fields and the nonet scalar meson fields, the coupling between vector meson fields and quarks is also considered, the short range interaction can be dominately described by vector meson exchange. We investigate the nucleon-hyperon interaction in the extended chiral SU(3) quark model and study the S-wave phase shifts of N-Λ and N-Σ systems. Comparing to the results in chiral SU(3) quark model, we find that the short-range interaction could be described either by the one-gluon exchange or vector meson exchange.

在手征SU(3)夸克模型中，用夸克与标量介子九重态和赝标介子九重态场的耦合来描述中长程相互作用，单胶子交换来描述短程相互作用，推广的手征SU(3)夸克模型是在原来手征SU(3)夸克模型的基础上进一步引入了夸克和矢量介子九重态场的耦合，主要由矢量介子交换来描述短程相互作用，在推广手征SU(3)夸克模型下研究了核子－超子相互作用过程，计算了N-Λ和N-Σ相互作用的S波散射相移，通过和手征SU(3)夸克模型的结果比较，发现N-Λ和N-Σ系统的短程相互作用既可以由单胶子交换来描述，也可以由矢量介子交换来描述。

In chapter 7, the 2D-distribution of the clutter spectrum in non-sidelooking phased array airborne radar varies with cell range (this can be often called as clutter range dependence), which this kind of nonhomogeneity resulted by range dependence is more serious especially in short range.

第六章提出了一种基于最大似然估计的动目标检测的非均匀方法，首先利用自回归方法对雷达接收数据进行时域白化处理，然后利用最大似然方法逐距离单元估计目标回波幅度，最后由估计结果与自适应门限比较得到检测结果。

In chapter5, the serial properties of numerical range of operator polynomial are put firstly. Secondly, the relation between numerical range of operator polynomial and n-numerical range are considered. Thirdly, in the light of matrix norm, matrix singular value, the regions and bounds of numerical range and spectrum of operator polynomial are dicussed carefully.

第五章研究了算子多项式数值域的性质、算子多项式数值域与n-次数值域的关系，特别地利用矩阵范数、矩阵的奇异值、非负矩阵的理论、友矩阵为工具，给出了算子多项式数值域及谱的范围全面刻画，并深刻地研究了算子线性束的正则性的等价条件及谱分布。

The method comprises: 1 when GSM module needs to select a network, it firstly decides if there is a 900 MHz frequency range network capable of meeting the communication need; if yes, then selecting the 900 MHz frequency range network as the working network of the dual-mode mobile phone; otherwise, entering the step 2; 2 deciding if there is a 1800 frequency range network; if not, then returning the step 1 to reselect network; if yes, then selecting 1800 frequency range network as the working network of the dual-mode mobile phone.

本发明公开了一种PHS及GSM双模手机中GSM模块择网的方法，涉及无线通信领域，为解决PHS及GSM双模手机不同网络间信号干扰而提出，采用的技术方案为：(1)GSM模块需要择网时，首先判断是否存在满足通信要求的900MHz频段网络，若存在则选择该900MHz频段网络作为所述双模手机的工作网络，否则进入步骤(2)；(2)判断是否存在符合通信要求的1800MHz频段网络，若不存在则返回步骤(1)重新择网；若存在则选择1800MHz频段网络作为该双模手机的工作网络。

In the part of empirical analysis of Chinese IPO first-day return, the difference between existing study and this study is that we use principal components analysis to extract from five factors to construct investors'sentiment index, add it to controled varibles, on which we examine the influence of offering mechanism on IPO first-day return. Moreover, we gather statistics and compare the IPO holding return for lockup period between fixed-price-class offering method and bookbuilding-class offering method, as well as price range between Chinese A-share market and Hongkong stock market, which prvide comprehensive evidence to appraise Chinese IPO bookbuilding mechanism. 2. Compare to the existing literatures which consider discount or allocation, incentive allocation and discount are considered at the same time in optimal mechanism design in this dissertation, and the offering bottom price is introduced to the price range. We investigate the relationship between price range and allocation quantity, and obtain the optimal price range and allocation strategy so that the advantages of independent allocation are reflected. On the other hand, the disadvantages of independent allocation are reflected in the manipulation in case of no restriction on IPO allocation. To distinguish from the existing literatures, bookbuilding mechanism is introduced to the model. We study the allocation strategy adopted by the underwriter in the pooling equilibrium of manipulation. In addition, we analyze the incentive compatibility conditions to which the existence of pooling equilibrium should satisfy and examine some factors'impact on the existence of manipulation.3. In bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, Chinese realistic IPO background is considered and the condition of bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering is added. Divide bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering into sequential hybrid and simultaneous hybrid, and point out that the key points of subscription strategy in the two kinds of hybrid are different. Through modeling and simulation we obtain the impact of institutional investors'subscription strategy on bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, which fill the gap in related research. Moreover, in the part of IPO bookbuilding with over-allotment option, the pricing strategy is divided into hot-IPO strategy and weak-IPO strategy. Take into account the procedure of Chinese IPO with over-allotment option, it presents how the underwriter determines the pricing strategy and what effect it brings to offering price and issue size through modeling and simulation. Therefore, it is instructive as a complement to existing literatures.

此外，对我国A股市场询价发行方式与固定价格发行方式下的IPO锁定期到期时持有收益率、以及我国A股市场与香港市场的询价发行价格区间进行了统计比较，为评价我国IPO市场的询价发行提供了比较全面的依据。2、相比已有文献仅考虑折价和分配中的一种激励措施，本论文在有自主配售权下的机制设计中并用了分配与折价两种激励措施，并且在价格区间的制定中引入发行底价，考察了价格区间与分配量之间的关系，得到最优的价格区间和分配策略，从中体现自主分配权的优点；在有自主分配权下的操纵行为研究中则体现了自主配售权的弊端，与已有文献不同的是，在模型中引入了累计投标询价机制，研究了承销商在混同均衡操纵中采取的分配策略，并对操纵存在的条件进行分析讨论，得出各个因素对混同均衡操纵存在的影响。3、在无自主分配权下的询价发行中，充分考虑了我国实际应用的背景，加入了与固定价格发售混合的条件，并将询价与固定价格混合发行分为序贯与同步两种方式，指出机构投资者在两种情况下申购策略的侧重点各有不同，通过对序贯混合发行方式下的网下累计投标策略以及同步混合发行方式下的资金分配策略的模型建立和数值仿真，考察了机构投资者申购策略对无自主分配权下的询价发行的影响，填补了相关研究文献的空白；在包含超额配售选择权的询价发行中，将发行定价策略分为热销策略和弱销策略，在考虑了我国含超额配售选择权的发行流程下，通过建模以及数值仿真得出承销商会对发行定价策略作出怎样的选取，进而会对新股发行价格、发售数量产生怎样的影响，对目前相关研究的缺乏做出了有益的补充。

For single-attribute range queries in Armada, this thesis designs the single-attribute order-preserving naming algorithm Single_hash to assign adjoining ObjectIDs to objects with close attribute values based on the partition tree model, so that the objects can be published to the same or related peers in the P2P system. Then this thesis proposes the single-attribute range query processing algorithm PIRA, which can match the search paths of range queries to the underlying FissionE topology efficiently based on the forward routing tree to reduce the delay and message cost of range queries.

为实现Armada单属性区间搜索，本文首先提出基于分区树的单属性维序命名算法Single_hash，使得属性值接近的资源对象能够获得相近的标识，以发布到相同或相关的结点上；然后提出基于前向路由树的单属性区间搜索算法PIRA，实现了区间搜索路径与底层FissionE拓扑的高效匹配，以有效降低区间搜索延迟，减少搜索消息开销。

After that, a numerical model about Zhejiang shore tide is established by mike21 program. After validating the good agreement between simulated results and observed ones, the planar hydrodynamic flow of this ocean area is analysed in detail. Then co-tidal and co-range chart of each main tide is drew based on the computational result. It can be found that each co-tidal and co-range chart that is based on the simulated result is suitable to the co-tidal and co-range chart that is deduced from autoptical data, besides, the modle co-tidal and co-range chart can perfect the co-tidal and co-range chart from autoptical data where autoptical data is too hard to get .

在这之后，使用MIKE21水动力模块建立起浙江近海海域潮波模型，在模型潮位、潮流流速流向验证均合理的基础上，分析了计算得到的二维水动力流场，最后将模拟结果绘制出浙江近海M2、S2、N2、K1、O1主要分潮的同潮时图，并将其与实测同潮时图比较，发现各分潮等振幅线及同潮时线相同或相近值的等值线位置及走势基本一致，而且模拟得到的同潮时图对实测资料覆盖不到的海区做了适当补充。

In degraded PSM matching classification, errors modification method of degraded PSM is presented and the matching tensor of every canonical scattering centers is given. In Chapter 4, the theory of wideband millimeter-wave radar target identification is introduced. It is indicated that, for HR radar target identification, description of temoral relations among features and pattern recogntion adaptive to variation of target angles are of key importance. A rule-based pattern recogniton method of sequential reasoning is proposed, which uses a series of rules to describe relations of features variation caused by target angles variation and has the advantages of adaption to unrandom variation and false probability control in classification over traditional statistical pattern recognitiop method. Feature extraction is crucial step in target identification. In range profiles identification application, features are extracted by means of range domain pre-processing algorithm, spacial and amplitude visual computation directly from range profiles and transform algorithm based on range profiles. Visual or transformed features are either sufficiently convinced or necessarily convinced and both of them are effective and robust to range profiles identification.

在第四章，首先对宽带毫米波体制背景下目标识别方法的一些特点进行了阐述并指出，在毫米波雷达目标识别中，特征之间动态关系的描述以及能适应目标姿态角变化的模式识别方法的研究乃是要解决的关键问题；进而提出了一种基于规则库的序贯推理模式识别新方法，在这种方法的研究中，主要包括序贯推理规则库的规则排列与特征选用顺序以及规则库的收敛等问题；这种方法克服了传统的统计模式识别方法特征利用效率不高、难以适应特征值的非随机性变化的缺点，把姿态角变化所引起的特征的变化用一系列规则加以表示，其优点是能适应特征值的非随机性动态变化，并能控制分类过程中的差错概率α；特征抽取是目标识别中的关键步骤，在基于目标距离像的特征抽取方法研究中，提出了距离空间域的预处理算法、距离空间域与幅度域的直观特征抽取方法以及基于目标距离像变换分析的特征抽取方法。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了