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From radioactive equilibrium of natural radioactive decay series and content of several radioactive constituents, the formula for estimating activity of uranium ore and solid waste is derived and a case study on treatment engineering of decommissioning Linchang Uranium Mine is presented.

文摘：根据天然放射性衰变系列的平衡关系，推出了通过若干个而非全部放射性组分的监测数据来计算铀矿石和固体废弃物中放射性活度的公式，给出了临沧铀矿退役治理工程的估算实例。

Firstly, to work out the distribution features of underground nuclear explosion radioactive leak and γ-ray intensity of infinite uniform radioactive sample and limit radioactive sample inborehole axle.

对核爆炸放射性泄漏分布特征进行了理论计算，研究了无限均匀放射性样品和有限厚放射性样品γ射线沿井轴的分布计算。

The results radicate that the radioactive matter containing of domestic solid wastes in living district of Pearl River Refine Plant and r-radiation level of radioactive solid wastes and the part of radioactive matter in landfill site's surface is higher than that in city domestic wastes and world soil average level reported by the UN...

结果珠江冶炼厂居住区固体废弃物及填埋场区r辐射水平和部分放射性物质含量高于市区生活固体废弃物。

The high rotten coal (including the anthracite and meager coal ) radioactive level is relatively low,( 238U: 29.1Bq/kg , 232Th: 25.9Bq/kg , 226Ra: 37.5Bq/kg), obviously lower than the radioactive levels of the brown coal and bituminous coal, and fluctuating range little relatively stable until Lincang uranium germanium colliery HeKai Tian little dragon's pool power plant make , investigate than right far correctly, prove natural radioactive nuclide (238U , 232Th , 226Ra ) than activity transformation in the course of utilizing and give locality radiate influence that environment bring.

高变质煤放射性水平相对较低，（238U：29.1Bq/kg、232Th：25.9Bq/kg、226Ra：37.5Bq/kg），明显低于褐煤和烟煤的放射性水平，且波动范围较小、相对稳定通过对临沧铀锗煤矿田和开远小龙潭电厂作出调查比对，说明了天然放射性核素（238U、232Th、226Ra）比活度在利用过程中的转移以及给当地放射环境带来的影响。

The liquid radioactive contamination comes from the radioactive substances produced by the circulatory cooled water activated after neutron radiation;the solid radioactive contamination comes from the match plate in the hot working chamber,the collimation equipment...

液态放射性污染主要指加速器冷却循环水受中子照射被活化形成放射性物质；固体放射性污染为热室工作箱内的模板，退役加速器离子源、准直器和靶周围被活化的器件及与放射性制剂分装、注射相关的用品；放射性气态污染，主要指中子使空气活化产生核素11C、13N、15O、41Ar，空气中其它成份被中子活化产额低，多为气溶胶状态；另外放射性表面污染主要指加速器厅内被活化的固体器件，冷却水破裂或放射性药物意外污染，有关传递通道和贮源容器的表面放射性污染。

Great attention has been paid to the threat of the highly radioactive and the low-level radioactive waste from nuclear industry and the radioactive waste has become a more and more serious problem with the waste from medical industry and research institutions. The uranium from uranium minings has caused the pollution of groundwater around.

核工业生产中产生的高、中、低放废物对环境构成的威胁越来越受到重视，它们与医疗、科研、国防事业的核废物一起成为越来越严重的环境问题，尤其是铀矿冶中产生的U对地下水的污染。

There are 8.6%~10.91% foreign matter in the sphenes, in which radioactive elements of strontium, cesium and uranium range from 4.26% to 4.58%. The change of structural cell parameters of sphenes is still very little,Δa=-0.0009 nm~0.0041 nm,Δb=0.0018 nm~0.0004 nm,Δc=0.0002 nm~0.0048 nm,Δβ=-0.10°~0.09° with high crystallinity of 99.27%~96.46%. Though, the age of sphene from the Fenghuang Mountain is about 1000 Ma, and experienced 775 Ma~1758 Ma geological evolvement and alpha decay, its crystallinity only decreased 3%, and its crystal shape and structure are still fine, indicating that sphene is of good ability to solidify radioactive elements. Therefore, sphenes are ideal minerals for solidifying nucleus waste.

通过对北祁连牛心山变质杂岩体中榍石(775Ma)和山西凤凰山花岗岩中榍石(1758Ma)的XRD及EDS等测试与研究，结果表明：两地榍石的杂质元素质量分数高达8.6%~10.91%，放射性核素锶、铯和铀的质量分数达4.26%~4.58%；晶胞参数的变化极小，△a=-0.0009nm~0.0041nm、△b=0.0018nm~0.0004nm、△c=0.0002nm~-0.0048nm、△β=-0.10°~0.09°，结晶度仍高达99.27%~96.46%，榍石经过10×10^8a的地质作用，结晶度仅减少了3%，显示榍石固化放射性系列核素的能力较强，虽经历了约775Ma~1758Ma的复杂地质演化及其所含放射性核素的衰变作用，其晶体结构完好，稳定性极高，是值得期待的理想核废物固化矿物。

It is important that studying gamma ray spectrometry of field rocks and soil in the earth抯 crust. Their energy range are mainly 30-3000keV, they contain abundant information of natural radioactive nuclides, such as uranium, thorium, potassium, etc, and of artificial radioactive nuclides from nuclear engineering activity, such as cesium, americium, cobalt, etc, and of the results in interaction between gamma ray and earth抯 crust.

国外近年已经生产出大于256道的伽玛射线能谱仪，但由于仪器应用滞后于仪器研究，且仪器稳谱未完全解决，获取全谱信息困难，加之对低能谱段的认识不足等原因，致使野外应用仍然滞留在仅限于测定铀钍钾含量的伽玛能谱测量水平上。

The continuous electrodeionization technology was used in low-level radioactive wastewater treatment to minimize radioactive wastes and energy consumptions, with Cs, Co, and Sr chosen as the typical fission products of pressurized water reactor.

为满足低放废水处理在放射性废物最小量化和节能降耗方面的要求，研究如何利用连续电除盐技术处理低放废水。

Prepare 131I-labbelled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody using lodogen iodine labelling;(2)Measure the immunity activation of labbelled antibody by means of both cell combine analysis and LDH cytotoxicity detection kit;(3)Evaluate the injury rate of tumor exposed to 131I-chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in vitro. The MTT method and the experiment of cell growth control are used;(4)Record the apotosis of Daudi cell using gelose electrophoresis;(5)Learn the inhibition effect of radioactive medication on the marrow. Radiohnmunoimages are taken on various intervals after injection of the labeled antibodies to the nude mice. The distribution of radioactive medication, I31l-labeled antibodies, in the marrow tissue indicates the inhibition effect. Here a B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma model in nude mice is established by us;(6)28-day observation are done in 3 groups of nude mice model.

(1) 用lodogen标记法制备131I-国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗；(2)采用细胞结合分析法和乳酸脱氢酶法细胞杀伤性实验测定131I标记后国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗与靶细胞的免疫活和利结合能力；(3) MTT法和细胞生长抑制实验测定131I-国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗的体外杀瘤活性；(4)用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法研究131I-国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗致Daudi细胞凋亡；(5)建立荷人B细胞淋巴瘤移植瘤裸鼠模型，应用γ计数法检测注射到荷瘤裸鼠体内的131I-国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗的组织分布情况，明确其靶向性；(6)将荷瘤裸鼠分3组进行放射免疫治疗，分别为阴性对照组、131I-国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗组、国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗组。

Article 144 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the policy previously practised in Hong Kong in respect of subventions for non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, medicine and health, culture, art, recreation, sports, social welfare and social

第一百四十四条香港特别行政区政府保持原在香港实行的对教育、医疗卫生、文化、艺术、康乐、体育、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体机构的资助政策。原在香港各资助机构任职的人员均可根据原有制度继续受聘。

Small wonder, then, that the Chinese spend more in the shop than any other group of foreign visitors do .

这样的小惊喜，使中国顾客比任何国家的人消费得更多。