查询词典 radiation flux

Thin-walled tube with closed section is commonly used in large space structures. In order to calculate the time-dependent temperature fields in these structures subjected to heat flux and emitting thermal energy by radiation, the temperature gradients along both the axes and circumferences of the tubes should be considered.

薄壁闭口管是大型空间结构中的常用元件，为准确地计算以其为组件的空间结构在太空辐射换热条件下的瞬态温度场，必须同时考虑沿管轴向与横截面周向两个方向的温度梯度。

The collimator neutron flux is drawn from the horizontal channel by the use of SPRR-300 as a neutron resource. The convector made of 6LiFZnS and the long focus professional twilight lens with the small field of view are used, and the digitalized CCD camera is developed by the use of scientific grade CCD chip, the double thermocouple refrigeration and 14bit A/D convector. The image grabbing, processing and analyzing software of double bytes has been developed by the use of Visual C++ and C++ Builder, and the facility of anti-radiation for CCD is set up.

采用6LiFZnS材料中子转换屏、长焦距、小视场专用微光镜头等光学组件，利用科学级CCD芯片、两级热电偶制冷技术、14bit模数转换技术研制了数字CCD摄像机，采用Visula C++和C++ Builder为工具，开发了双字节图像采集处理分析软件包，并设计了成像系统辐射防护装置，构成了热中子数字成像系统。

When blanket is designed, some necessary data, including tritium breeding ratio, irradiation damage ratio, intensity of activation radiation, magnet and thickness of shield, can be get through neutronics calculation. All of that must base on heat load and neutron power flux of first wall and divertor plate. So, the preparative calculation is prformed for that.

在设计包层时，需要进行中子学计算得到氚增殖率、辐射损伤率、活化放射性强度、磁体及其屏蔽厚度的计算、核加热产生率和冷却系统设计和安排的必要数据，而这一切都必须先知道第一壁和偏滤器靶板的中子壁负荷和热负荷；为此作了必要的先行准备计算工作。

4There is not the electric arc ray radiation owing to the fact that burns down on the electric arc soldering flux layer.

由于电弧焊剂层下燃烧，没有电弧光辐射。

Proton events in general only occur in SAA region while electron events appear at both SAA and polar regions.Electron flux of 0 5～2 0?MeV in polar regions is dominant over that of 2～15?MeV,while at SAA,fluxes from the two channels are about the same.There is a close correlation between energetic particle radiation inside and outside the satellite.

与现有理论模型和国外大致相同轨道上的空间高能辐射环境直接观测资料对比还表明，卫星舱内的辐射与舱外的空间辐射环境是完全相关的，积累的有关资料不但是航天设计和环境应用研究所需的重要参量之一，也是空间物理基础研究特别是辐射带研究的重要数据。

Results showed that within a certain energy level,radiation damage on M_1 seedling increased with the energy increasing when the integral flux was given.

结果表明，在一定离子通量下，所用注入能量范围内的离子束对幼苗造成的辐射损伤随辐射能量的增加而增大。

Results showed that within a certain energy level, radiation damage on M1 seedling increased with the energy increasing when the integral flux as given.

结果表明，在一定离子通量下，所用注入能量范围内的离子束对幼苗造成的辐射损伤随辐射能量的增加而增大。

In the analysis, firstly, the flux boundary condition is used to simulate the frictional heat resource between wheel and rail. The non-steady heat transfer between the contacting surfaces of the wheel/rail, heat-convection and radiation between the wheel/rail and the ambient were all taken into consideration. Therefore, a heat coupling model of the wheel/rail in rolling/sliding is put forward to calculate the frictional temperature rise in the wheel and rail. Secondly, after the temperature distribution of wheel/rail, due to friction, is calculated, substitute the thermal load with equivalent fictitious body force and boundary distributed force loaded on the nodes of the corresponding elements. The wheel-load is applied to the center of the wheel.

首先，用热流边界条件模拟轮轨接触界面的摩擦热源，考虑轮轨间的非稳态热传导、轮轨自由表面与环境的热对流、热辐射的影响，建立轮轨滚动接触热耦合有限元计算模型，分析计算轮轨滚、滑工况下的摩擦温升；其次，以求得的轮轨温度场结果作为求解轮轨应力场的已知条件，轮载以集中力形式直接加载于轮心处，将摩擦温升引起的热载荷等效为假想体力和热边界面力，施加于相应的单元节点上，建立了轮轨热—机械载荷耦合作用的热弹性平面应力模型，分析热—机械载荷作用下的轮轨应力场。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

We can calibrate various radiation thermometers and radiation heat flux bolometers, for example, IR-thermometers, IR-tympanic thermometers.

能够进行各种辐射温度计的校正工作，例如辐射高温计，红外温度计和红外耳温计，以及校正一些辐射热流计。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。