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In this study, genes encoding MAPK and MEK in P. parasitica, an important plant pathogen, were cloned by PCR using degenerate primers, followedby 5'- and 3'-RACE.

在本篇研究中，利用简并式引子对进行聚合酶连锁反应并配合RACE成功从疫病菌中选殖出4个MAPK以及5个MEK基因。

The full length CMO cDNA was cloned from Salicornia europaea by RT-PCR and RLM-RACE.

本研究利用RT-PCR和RLM-RACE技术获得了盐角草的CMO cDNA全序列。

The full length cDNA of MPDU1 and GRN genes were obtained through in silico cloning together with RACE.

采用电脑克隆策略结合RACE技术，获得了MPDU1和GRN基因的全长cDNA，推导出了相应的氨基酸序列。

In our research, the neutral trehalase gene in M. anisopliae was successfully cloned by PCR, RT-PCR, RACE and panhandle PCR, and submitted to GenBank, accession number are AY557613 and AY557612.

本研究利用PCR、RT-PCR、RACE、panhandle PCR 等方法成功地克隆了金龟子绿僵菌CQMa102 中性海藻糖酶基因，并登录NCBI 的GenBank，登录号为：AY557613， AY557612。

To investigate the mechanism of wood formation and lignin biosynthesis, it is important to understand the function and characteristic of OMT. In the present study, a set of primer was designed based on the conserved region of OMT genes from several woody and non-woody plants, to clone the counter part gene by PCR and RACE from Chamaecvparis formosensis Matsum., Chamaeeyparis obtusa var. Jormosana, Abies kawakarnii, Tsuga ehinensis var. Jormosana and Taiwania eryptonierioide Hayata. The cloned genes were sequenced and their amino acid sequences predicted.

我们自资料库中收集并分析已发表之草本和木本植物caffeoyl CoA3-O-methyltransferase序列，在具高保守性的序列中设计了一对引子，并对红桧、台湾扁柏、台湾冷杉、台湾铁杉和台湾杉进行OMT基因的钓取，同时配合RACE的策略，成功获得红桧、台湾扁柏、台湾杉的全长基因及台湾冷杉与台湾铁杉之部分基因片段。

At the same time, based on the extracted total RNA from the leaves of Zostera marina L., the cDNA clone could be obtained and the Na+/H+ antiporter gene could be studied by applying the techniques of RT-PCR and RACE. Its expression profile could be studied when applying the Northern technique.

同时在所成功提取出的大叶藻叶片组织的总RNA基础上，做出cDNA克隆，再通过RT-PCR和RACE技术等研究方法，来试图探究大叶藻的Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因，然后可结合Northern技术来研究其表达情况。

Cubense race 4 (FOC4), and the expression levels more than comparison. The physiological result was identical with that of molecular biology research, meanwhile, resembling the research results of other plants. It demonstrated that the PAL enzyme played a key role in resisting banana wilt.

cubense race 4 (FOC4)茎中 PAL 表达的变化，结果显示茎中 PAL 活性呈规律性变化，且均高于同期对照，与其它植物相关研究结果类似，表明 PAL 与香蕉抗枯萎病密切相关。

EST sequence of LDH-C gene from black-lipped pika was cloned by PCR with degenerate primers; then the full length of open reading frame and 3'UTR sequence were cloned by RACE technique.

方法］采用简并引物PCR克隆得到黑唇鼠兔LDH-C基因的EST序列，再根据EST序列采用RACE技术克隆出基因的开放阅读框全长，和3'UTR序列。

By using the "mechanical wounding"experimental system estabilished by us, and light- and electron microscopy, autoradiography and radioisotope technique, immuno-fluorescence localization, homologous clone and RACE technique, in situ mRNA hybridization and ELISA et al., we investigated the relationship between the transportation of exogenous JA and the secondary laticifer differentiation, the relationship between the producton and accumulation of endogenous JA and the laticifer differentiation from cambia, and the effect of appling exogenous jasmonates on the natural rubber production.

利用我们建立的机械伤害诱导乳管分化的实验系统，采用光学显微镜和电子显微镜技术、同位素示踪和放射自显影技术、免疫荧光定位技术、同源克隆和RACE技术、mRNA原位杂交和ELISA等技术，研究了外源茉莉酸在橡胶树体内的移动及其对维管形成层分化次生乳管的诱导效应、内源茉莉酸与乳管分化的关系以及茉莉酸类物质对天然橡胶产量的影响。

The summary results are below:1. GUS expression under the driving of the BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was essentially undetectable in the young seedlings under normal growth conditions. GUS activity was first detected in the stigma of young flowers, peaked in the young siliques, and decreased when the siliques became older. No GUS expression was found in the mature siliques, seeds or root.2. The BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was inducible by NaCl, PEG, wounding and MeJA treatments. High levels of GUS expression were detected in the transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants after wounding, NaCl, PEG, and MeJA treatment, indicating that the BjCHI1 promoter responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses.3. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in B. juncea was inducible by PEG and NaCl.4. The transcription start site was determined by 5′-RACE, and was located at the 17th nucleotide upstream of the translation initiation codon of the BjCHI1 gene.5. A -805/+17 promoter fragment was enough to response to wounding and MeJA induction, which was proved in transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. The 397 bp region between -805 and -409 of the BjCHI1 promoter contains a cis-acting element that is essential for the wounding and MeJA inducibility.6. The -695/-620 region was necessary but not sufficient to confer MeJA-responsive expression. A T/G-box locates in -353 play an important role in the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in response to MeJA treatment. The 76 bp region is coupled with the T/G-box to confer full MeJA-inducible transcription of the BjCHI1 gene.

主要结果如下：1、利用转基因拟南芥植株分析表明，正常生长条件下，BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)驱动GUS基因主要在花柱中表达，幼嫩的荚也有表达，并随着果荚的成熟而减弱，成熟的果荚、种子和根没有显示GUS活性。2、BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)能驱动GUS基因在转基因烟草和拟南芥中响应伤害的诱导，转基因拟南芥的分析还证明BjCHI1启动子也受MeJA、NaCl和PEG的诱导，证明BjCHI1启动子是一个伤害、MeJA、NaCl和PEG等生物和非生物因素诱导启动子。3、RT-PCR进一步证明芥菜中BjCHI1基因也受NaCl和PEG的诱导表达。4、5′-RACE法鉴定了BjCHI1启动子的转录起始位点，位于翻译起始位点ATG上游第17个碱基A.5、转基因烟草和拟南芥分析证明，-805/+17的启动子片段足以响应伤害和MeJA的诱导，-805和-409之间397 bp的启动子片段含有对伤害和MeJA诱导必要的元件。6、本明烟叶片瞬时表达系统分析证明，一段76 bp的序列(-695/-620)对BjCHI1启动子响应MeJA的诱导是必要的，但不足以响应MeJA的诱导，位于-353的T/G-box也参与MeJA的诱导。76 bp的序列(-695/-620)与T/G-box协同起作用，赋予BjCHI1启动子MeJA诱导性。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。