查询词典 quaternary

In this paper, a quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan was synthesized and the factors affect on the solubility or degree of substitution of product, such as the concentration of alkali, the time of basification, the content of water in system, the time of dispersing and the method of adding epoxyproryltrimethylammonium chloride, were discussed in detail. The product was characterized by IR, DSC, TG and X-RAY diffraction. The effects of time, humidity and temperature on the gases permeability of the quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan film were researched.

本论文研究了壳聚糖季铵盐的合成反应，对碱化浓度、碱化时间、水的含量、分散时间和醚化剂的加入方式等因素对制备反应的影响进行了考察；应用红外光谱、DSC、TG以及X-射线衍射对产物进行了表征；探讨了时间、湿度和温度对壳聚糖季铵盐膜透气性的影响。

By studying the membrane preparation process for the typical membrane materials of polystyrene and cellulose acetate as well as a new type membrane material of polyvinyl butyral,the effects of operating parameters on the membranes structure are determined.By the study on the thermodynamics involved in the ternary systerms of ScCO_2/solvent/polymer and the calculation of theoretical ternary phase diagrams,the phase demixing behavior during the membranes formation by ScCO_2 induced phase separation process are described.By studying thermodynamics involved in the quaternary systerms of ScCO_2/solvent/additive/polymer,the effect of a low molecular weight additive on the quaternary phase diagram and dimixing speed are revealed.

通过对传统膜材料聚苯乙烯、醋酸纤维素及新型膜材料聚乙烯醇缩丁醛进行ScCO_2诱导相转化制膜工艺的实验研究，给出了操作参数对膜形态结构的影响规律；通过研究ScCO_2/溶剂/聚合物三元体系热力学问题，并计算出相应铸膜体系的三元相图，对ScCO_2诱导相转化膜制备过程的分相成膜行为进行了分析与描述；通过研究ScCO_2/溶剂/小分子添加剂/聚合物四元铸膜体系的热力学问题，并借助于四元体系理论相图计算的结果，分析了小分子添加剂对相分离过程的影响。

A new chiral quaternary ammonium salt 1a was synthesized by the reaction of cinchonine and(2,4,6-)trimethyl benzyl chloride.Etherification between 1a and benzyl bromide,allyl chloride,or methyl give corresponding etherified quaternary ammonium salts 1b,1c,and 1d.

由辛可宁和2，4，6-三甲基苄氯，合成了一种新的手性季铵盐(1a)，并进一步用苄基溴、碘甲烷和烯丙基氯对分子中的羟基进行醚化，得到相转移催化剂1b、1c和1d。

The results show that the bedrock moves 8 m en masse when the epicenter is located near the railway,while the Quaternary loose sediments and groundsill are deformed.The horizontal diaplacement of the Quaternary close to the fault is obviously smaller from above downward,while the rails and groundsill show successive left-lateral crooked deformation for about 25 m.There occur a NE-trending tensional graben and a NW-trending seismic drumlin on the east and west sides of the railway respectively.

结果表明，震中位于铁路线附近时，基岩整体移动，而第四纪松散层和道床则发生了变形，靠近断裂带附近的第四系自下而上水平位移明显减小，而铁轨和道床没有明显的断错，表现为长度约为25m的连续左旋弯曲变形；在铁路东、西两侧形成NE向的张裂陷和NW向的地震鼓包。

Based on these, we will measure isotopic composition of boron in biological fossils, such as shell, foraminifer et al. producing from Ynaghu Village, Yanqing Basin, Beijing at early Quaternary and from the sediment of salt lake in Tibetan at Quaternary, and then offer a reliable boron isotopic evidence for determining their source and survival surroundings.

在此基础上对北京延庆杨户庄第四纪早期地层和青藏高原第四纪盐湖沉积产出的有孔虫、贝壳类等生物化石的硼同位素组成进行测定，为确定它们的海陆相来源及其生存环境提供硼同位素证据。

The sporo-pollen analysis revealed that it is formed in Quaternary period, most probably Pleistocene epoch, coinciding with the Quaternary glacial epoch of West China although the detailed age is, as yet, uncertain.

孢粉分析表明，其形成时代为第四纪，极有可能为更新世，与我国西部的第四纪冰期形成时代相同，但具体期次尚不能确定。

The result also showed that return treatment is better than taken treatment within different treatments. 4. According to the experiment when the plant was harvested(In March 25th,2009), it was found that the rape with NPK treatment,especially with NPK-T treatment in Quaternary red soil and in granitization red soil, grew abnormality or dead in the centre of district(80%),which yield was extremely low,but had some to the remaining(20%) close to the cement ridge.Among the three types of parent material,eighteen districts,Dischaemum Schreb of gramineae plants could only grow in granitization red soil with NPK treatment,and the other sixteen districts were little or even not.The rape planted in Quaternary red soil with NPK treatment got disease especially in the centre of the district.

其次是M处理，CK最低。3、三种母质种植油菜均表现为：归还处理好于带走处理；4、据试验收产时（2009年3月25日）发现：四纪红土和花岗岩二种母质的NPK处理的油菜除靠近水泥梗边行长有部分油菜外（占小区面积20%），小区中间（占小区面积80%）的油菜生长不正常或死亡，产量极低；三种母质共18个小区，只有花岗岩母质的NPK处理长有禾本科植物马唐草，其余16个小区很少或没有；四纪红土NPK处理油菜病害严重。

Upstream incision of rivers led to westward motion of boundary between internally and externally drained regions and disappearance of paleo-lakes in Quaternary, and Quaternary incision of external rivers gradually formed present topography characterized by deep valleys, high mountains and remained peneplain in eastern Tibetan Plateau.

中新世晚期-第四纪以湖面与五道梁群湖相沉积顶面为基准，在高海拔环境下继续发生剥蚀夷平和准平原化，逐步形成主夷平面或高原面。第四纪河流溯源侵蚀导致内外流水系分界线自东向西迁移，在青藏高原东部形成高山峡谷地貌。

In order to investigate the relationship of solubility between vanadium and the other co-existing ion in soil. The phase equilibria of the quinary systemNaVO_3 + KVO_3 + NaH_2PO_4 + KH_2PO_4 +(NH_2)_2CO + H_2O and its five quaternary sub-systems were studied at 298K with isothermal dissoluble method. According to the reference, all these systems are not reported yet. The solubilities and the physico-chemical properties such as density, conductivity, pH value and refractive index of the equilibrium solutions were determined. Based on the determined values, the solubility stereo-diagram and projected-diagram( saturated with KVO3), projected-diagramsaturated with (NH_2_2CO, and water content diagram of the quinary system, isothermal solubility diagrams of the quaternary sub-systems, and the physico-chemical properties-composition diagrams of the equilibrium solutions were plotted.

为探明土壤中钒的溶解性同土壤中主要共存离子间的关系，本论文采用等温溶解平衡法研究了文献中还未见报道的五元体系NaVO_3+KVO_3+NaH_2PO_4+KH_2PO_4+(NH_2)_2CO+H_2O及其五个四元子体系298K相平衡关系，测定了这些体系298K时各组分的溶解度及平衡液相的密度、电导率、pH值和折光率等物化性质，并绘制了五元体系溶解度空间立体图，以KVO_3为饱和的投影图，以(NH_2)_2CO为饱和的投影图、水图及四元子体系的溶解度等温图、水图和平衡液相物化性质一组成图。

One route was that the amino-groups on the silica gel were transformed to tertiary amines by Eschweiler-clarke reaction that amine-groups react with formaldehyde and methanoic acid to prepare tertiary amines; the silica gel intermediates with tertiary amine groups reacted with chorohydrocarbons to prepare insoluble silica gel quaternary ammonium salt bactericides. Another route was that the amino-groups on the silica gel reacted with excessive chlorohexadecane; the preparing intermediates were quaternized with iodomethane to obtain insoluble silica gel quaternary ammonium salt bactericides.

一条路线是根据埃施韦勒-克拉克(Eschweiler-clarke)胺甲基化反应，进行胺基叔胺化反应，制成带有叔胺官能团的硅胶中间体，此中间体上的叔胺与卤代烷反应生成杀菌活性官能团季铵盐，制成硅胶类水不溶性季铵盐杀菌剂；另一条路线是带有胺反应活性中心的硅胶与过量正氯代十六烷反应，得到的中间体再用碘甲烷季铵化，得到最终产品——水不溶性季铵盐杀菌剂。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。