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According to this exact analytical expression,the effect of every part of a beam pumping unit on crank axle torque can be quantitatively studied. This method can be used to analyze all types of beam pumping units.

利用该解析式可以定量地分析游梁式抽油机各部件对曲柄输出轴扭矩的影响，准确地进行游梁式抽油机的平衡分析和设计计算。

Meanwhile, the paper also quantitatively studied the response mode of the soil moisture, crop, trees and grass under climate change conditions with the statistical and numerical models.

本研究选择黄淮海流域、新疆、小兴安岭和内蒙古锡林浩特分别作为农田、森林、草原典型生态研究区，利用较长时间序列的气候资料、遥感数据及其他辅助资料，运用趋势、相关、EOF、突变检验、小波分析及数值模拟等多种方法，在分析研究不同生态研究区气候变化区域特征的基础上，较为系统全面地开展了我国北方典型生态区气候变化对农田生态、森林生态和草原生态典型和敏感生态环境指标的影响研究，包括气候变化对农田土壤水分、农作物发育期和产量的影响；气候变化木本植物和鸟类物候的影响；气候变化对植被NDVI、林木生产力和森林生态环境质量的影响；气候变化对草原土壤水分和牧草产量的影响，同时，通过统计模型和数值模型定量研究了气候变化背景下的土壤水分、作物、林木和牧草响应模式。

The visco?-elastic fluid hydrodynamic theory was applied to the wear-resistance experiment on sucker rods.The values of normal stress in suck string generated by visco?-elastic fluid and eccentricity brought out by sucker string were measured quantitatively.The partial abrasion of sucker string and tube in oil well was caused from the normal stress of visco?-elastic fluid.A module for bending analysis of sucker rod in cross direction and wire direction was developed.

大庆油田实施聚合物驱油以后，出现了抽油杆受力状况恶化、抽油杆柱严重偏磨的现象，为此开展了粘弹性流体水动力学理论和试验研究，得出了粘弹性流体在抽油机井筒内的流动规律及对抽油杆柱法向应力的影响规律，定量测出了粘弹性流体对抽油杆柱的法向应力值和抽油杆柱产生的偏心率。

Great and numerous risks will be encountered in the construction of rock tunnel; the tunnel boring machine construction for deep-buried long tunnel is affected by various uncertain factors with random and fuzzy behaviors, which can t be quantitatively analyzed by current methods.

岩石隧洞建设中面临很大和众多的风险，利用TBM施工的深埋长隧洞受多种不确定因素影响，具有随机性和模糊性，目前的研究方法难以对其进行准确定量分析。

They are:①completed total 8 000 km long natural seismic profiles cross the northern boundary and central part of the plateau, identified several deep-cut lithospheric faults and low velocity and low density bodies under the central part of the plateau related to Cenozoic volcanic eruption, the Tarim block subducted beneath the Altun Mts;②found the evidence that the Altyn Tagh fault formed in 220～240 Ma and at least 400 km sinistral offset since, and determined quantitatively deformation in Cenozoic;③discovered 350 km long high-ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt in the south border of the Qilian terrane,which brobably represented the Early Paleozoic boundary between the North China and Yangtze plates;④according to new discoveries of caledonian ophiolite,granite are subducted complex established paleo-collision orogenic framework of northern Qinghai-Tibet plateau;⑤proposed a new model .

本文展示了中法1995～2000年青藏高原北部地学研究的如下主要新进展：①完成8 000 km长的青藏高原北部及中部天然地震岩石圈探测剖面，确定若干条岩石圈断裂，发现与新生代火山喷发有关的青藏高原中部深处的低速、低密度体，塔里木地块俯冲于阿尔金山之下；②提出阿尔金断裂形成于220～240 Ma和左行平移400 km的科学依据及确定其新生代变形量；③确定祁连南缘350 km长的高压-超高压变质带，提出其可能代表早古生代时期北中国板块与扬子板块之间西部界限的新认识；④根据加里东期蛇绿岩、花岗岩及俯冲杂岩带的新发现，初步建立了古碰撞造山格架；⑤提出高原隆升的&地幔底辟和内向陆内俯冲&的新假设。

To this end, a numerical approach combined by the finite element method for magnetic fields and the finite difference method for deflection of the microsensor is proposed to analyze quantitatively the deflection under magnetoelastic interaction.

为此，建立了由有限元方法分析磁场与有限差分法计算挠曲变形相结合来计算其结构在磁场中产生磁弹性变形的定量分析程序。

Carbon nanotubes after oxidation and purification were used to pack a micro-column which was incorporated into a sequential injection system for facilitating online selective sorption of lysozyme from egg-white. The retained protein was afterwards quantitatively eluted by a carbonate buffer. With a sample loading volume of 2.0 mL, an enrichment factor of 12 was obtained, along with a retention efficiency of 100% and a recovery rate of 100%.

将多壁碳纳米管经氧化和提纯后装入固相萃取柱，在顺序注射系统中实现对蛋清中溶菌酶的在线选择性萃取，以碳酸盐缓冲溶液定量洗脱，进样量为2 mL时，富集倍率为12，吸附率和洗脱率均为100%，采样速率为10 h^(-1)，精密度为3.0%。

The safety factor method used nowadays to analyse the strength ofdiesel engine connecting rod cannot express reliability quantitatively.

目前，柴油机连杆的强度分析所采用的安全系数法，不能定量地反映安全可靠的程度。

Methods The metablic organic acid of 60 strains of 6 species of oral residential anaerobes were tested by gas chromatography qualitatively and quantitatively.

利用气相色谱法对6种厌氧菌的国际参考菌株的代谢有机酸进行了定性定量测定。

The dose enhancement effects and decreasing effects caused by material inhomogeneity were studied quantitatively with a parameter named Dose Perturbation Factor, which was the ratio of the dose at a point in the heterogeneous phantom to the dose of the same spatial location point in the homogeneous phantom. It was showed that the degrees of the dose enhancement or decreasing depended on the energy of radiation, field sizes of the beamlets and compositions of the media. The dose perturbation for high energy X rays is greater than that for low energy X rays. At the same energy condition, the dose perturbation decreased when the field size increased. And the relationship between them was not linear.

模拟结果表明：在小射野情况下，异质组织界面处出现了较大的剂量跃变，剂量扰动效应的强弱程度取决于射线的能量、射野的大小和模体介质的不同等多种因素，高能X射线条件下的剂量扰动效应大于低能X射线条件下的剂量扰动；在入射X射线能量相同的条件下，剂量扰动效应随射野尺寸的减小而增强，并呈现一种非线性关系。

Recall that, in the Kolmogorov axiomatization, measurable sets are the sets which have a probability or, in other words, the sets corresponding to yes/no questions that have a probabilistic answer.

延期开工的Kolmogorov宣布要衡量所有套职能有限许多坐标限制在于衡量子寅。换句话说，如果是/否的问题回答f可看的价值观念在许多最有限坐标，然后它有一个概率的答案。

The experimental results showed that the algorithm can filter singular points and remain fixity of the target edge.

实验表明：基于模糊理论的图像智能滤波方法比常规图像滤波方法运算量小，它既能去除奇异点，又能保持图像中目标的边缘不变性，具有很好的滤波效果。