查询词典 quantitative determination

The results above showed:(1) The cultivars of large-flowered chrysanthemum are widely distributed in Beijing area with plentiful floral types and floral colors;(2) The cultivars with the rare types and colors are urgent for protection;(3) Most of the quantitative characters obeys to the normal distribution,some important traits agreed with skewed distribution.The probability grading can assist quantitative character in establishing new grading standards;(4) Most of qualitative characters is asymmetrical in cultivars,which might be caused by unbalanced differentiation of characters or linkages coming from emphasis characters selection;(5) The floral characters are relatively stable and have comparably large influence on classification,the characters of stipule also have a certain degree of stability and can act as an reasonable supplement for cultivars classification,but the foliar characters have worse stability and can only be recognized as lower level criterion.(6) The genetic relationship among the Flat-petaled group,the Quilled-petal group and the Spoon-petaled group are closest,which followed by the Filiform-petal group because of long-term selection pressure for the specialization of the petal tip loved by most people.The Anemone-petal group has further genetic relationship with these four groups.(7) ISSR molecular marker detection indicates that the proportion of polymorphic loci of lardge-flowered chrysanthemum is higher,in which the Flat-petaled group has the highest genetic diversity level.

综合以上的研究结果表明：(1)北京地区现有大量大菊品种，且花型与花色较为丰富；(2)珍稀花型、花色品种亟需保护；(3)大部分数量性状是符合正态分布的，少数重点观赏性状迫于选择压力呈现偏态分布，概率分级法能够辅助大菊的数量性状建立新的分级标准；(4)大部分质量性状在品种群内的分布是不均匀的，可能是由菊花性状遗传分化的不均衡性或受到选育重点性状的连锁作用而造成的；(5)大菊花部性状相对稳定，对品种分类影响较大，其托叶部分也具有一定程度的稳定性，可以作为品种分类的合理补充，而叶部性状稳定性较差，在品种分类中应作为更次一级的分类依据；(6)平瓣类、管瓣类和匙瓣类的亲缘关系最近，畸瓣类品种花瓣先端特化受到人们的喜爱，长期的选择压力使其区别于3种基本瓣型，而这四种瓣型与桂瓣类在亲缘关系上较远；(7)ISSR分子标记检测表明：大菊品种多态性位点百分率较高，平瓣类品种的遗传分化最为丰富。

Quantitative methods are dominative in foreign tourism study, while Chinese researchers rarely use it for lack of training on statistics knowledge. However, quantitative research is a method which approaches to science more. In comparison with the subjectiveness of qualitative research, it is an objective, systematic and accurate method.

定量方法是国外旅游研究的主导方法，国内研究者由于缺乏统计知识的训练而较少使用定量方法，但定量研究是更接近于科学的研究方法，相对于定性方法的主观性，定量研究是一种客观的、系统的、精确的研究方法。

The following results are made from this research: Assessing data quality and band combination of different bands in line with geo-target features in desertification areas, and determining basic bands for desertification monitoring. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo-targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral-integrated-form-based classification method can remove the phenomenon of "different spectrum with same objects" resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo-target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflectionratio. It is suggested that "red edge" range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel-based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. The remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed.

研究结果如下：首先针对荒漠化地区的地物特征，对高光谱数据不同波段的数据质量、波段组合进行了评价，提出了适用于荒漠化监测的基本波段选择集；初步了解和掌握了研究地区的地物光谱特性及变异规律，进一步明确了掌握地物光谱特征和变异规律是用成像光谱仪数据提取地物信息的基础；发现了基于光谱整体形状的分类方法在很大程度上能够消除由于传感器、地物目标观测方向之间的角度变化引起的反射率曲线整体平移的"同物异谱"现象，对于谱形相似而整体反射率的值相差较大的两类地物，通过引入均值和方差图像参与分类得到解决；研究还表明在植被"红边"范围内的波段是进行荒漠化监测的主要特征波段，这些波段与植被生物量和盖度都有密切的关系，是开展精细植被分类研究和植被定量反演的重要基础；像元的导数光谱分析可以消除土壤背景的影响，是进行植被生物量和盖度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化监测主要评价因子的定量反演模型，并分析了模型的适用性。

The essential connotation of Trow's theory about three stages of development in higher education is not only a quantitative partition, but a combination of quantitative expansion with qualitative change.

摘 要：特罗高等教育三阶段论的本质内涵不仅仅是一个量的划分，而是量的扩张与质的变化相结合。

The multidimensional measure, with quantitative and qualitative measures combined, may offset the void left by any singular unidimensional measure, either quantitative or qualitative in nature.

提出一个从组织创新的数量、速率、效果以及效率等方面综合评价创新能力的四维概念与度量模型，将传统的定量与定性指标结合在一起，突破了一维定量或定性测度的局限性。

Based on the two cruises investigation in Acipenser sinensis Natural Reserve and its adjacent waters (31°19.58'N-31°38'N, 121°32.08'N-122°11.65'E) in May and August 2004, the seasonal variations of species composition and quantitative distribution of fish eggs and larvae in the study area were studied, with the relevant environmental affecting factors analyzed. The results showed that in study area, the species composition and quantitative distribution of fish eggs and larvae varied remarkably in different seasons.

根据2004年5月和8月共2个航次对中华鲟保护区及其邻近水域16个定点观测站进行的鱼卵和仔鱼调查资料，对该水域鱼卵仔鱼的种类组成和数量分布的季节变化特征以及有关的环境影响因子作了分析和探讨。

The following results are made from this research: Assessing data quality and band combination of different bands in line with geo-target features in desertification areas, and determining basic bands for desertification monitoring. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo-targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral-integrated-form-based classification method can remove the phenomenon of "different spectrum with same objects" resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo-target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflectionratio. It is suggested that "red edge" range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel-based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. The remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed.

研究结果如下：首先针对荒漠化地区的地物特征，对高光谱数据不同波段的数据质量、波段组合进行了评价，提出了适用于荒漠化监测的基本波段选择集；初步了解和掌握了研究地区的地物光谱特性及变异规律，进一步明确了掌握地物光谱特征和变异规律是用成像光谱仪数据提取地物信息的基础；发现了基于光谱整体形状的分类方法在很大程度上能够消除由于传感器、地物目标观测方向之间的角度变化引起的反射率曲线整体平移的&同物异谱&现象，对于谱形相似而整体反射率的值相差较大的两类地物，通过引入均值和方差图像参与分类得到解决；研究还表明在植被&红边&范围内的波段是进行荒漠化监测的主要特征波段，这些波段与植被生物量和盖度都有密切的关系，是开展精细植被分类研究和植被定量反演的重要基础；像元的导数光谱分析可以消除土壤背景的影响，是进行植被生物量和盖度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化监测主要评价因子的定量反演模型，并分析了模型的适用性。

Inthe past,quantitative geneticists used biometrical methods such as means andvariances to estimate parameters of gene action for quantitative traits.

过去，传统的数量遗传学是把控制数量性状的多个基因作为一个整体进行研究，存在一定的局限性。

For systematically studying the quantitative structure-property relationships for electrolytes, the thesis chapter 6, 7 and 8 systematically studied molecular structure and quantitative structure-property relationships, including the relationship between molecular structure and conductivity, anions structure and electrochemistry stability, on anions of 1,2-Dihydroxycyclo-pentenetrione (croconic acid, H_2C_5O_5) and the whole series of dicyanomethylene derivatives, anions of 1,2-dihydroxycyclobuten- 3,4-dione (squaric acid, H_2C_4O_4) and the whole series of dicyanomethylene derivatives, and anions of 1,2-Dihydroxy-cyclobuten- 3,4-dione (squaric acid, H_2C_4O_4) and the whole series of dicyanomethylene derivatives.

为了系统地研究锂盐的分子结构与电解质的关系，论文第六、七、八三章系统地从理论上研究了方酸及其氰基亚氨基衍生物、方酸及其二氰亚甲基衍生物、克酮酸及其二氰亚甲基衍生物等各系列电解质分子结构、分子结构与电导率、阴离子结构与电化学稳定性的关系。

Based on the collected data of stand growth and environmental factors of 118 sample plots, according to the quantitative theory I , the authors set up the predicting model of self-thinning of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, using ten qualitative factors and four quantitative factors which have much influence on forest self-thinning of Cunninghamia lanceolata.

收集了 1 1 8块杉木人工林样地的林分生长和环境因子资料，用环境因子中 1 0个定性和 4个定量因子对杉木人工林自然稀疏具有较大影响的因子，应用数量化理论Ⅰ建立了杉木人工林自疏过程密度变化的预报模型。

Researches reveal that students who suffer from corporal punishment tend to resort to violence in their future life.

研究表明遭受过肉体惩罚的孩子倾向于在他们今后的人生中使用暴力。

Total sugar of sarcocarp and chlorophyll of pericarp increased firstly, and then decreased afterward along with altitude; Titratable acidity, ascorbicacid and anthocyanin of pericarp were increased along with altitude; The content of protein increased firstly and decreased afterward along with altitude; Carotenoid of pericarp were decreased along with altitude.

果肉总糖和果皮叶绿素含量随海拔高度升高先升高后降低；可滴定酸、维生素C和果皮花青苷含量均随海拔升高而升高；蛋白质在1720m处最大，1420m处最小；果皮类胡萝卜素随海拔升高而降低。