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Computer simulation results show that higher control precision can be achieved by using intelligent integral action, and its relative error is reduced one order of magnitude compared with TM5; using the improvement on target bits allocation, the average decoding PSNR can be increased visibly, and the decoded picture quality can also be improved as scene changes.

模拟实验结果表明：采用智能积分作用能达到很高的控制精度，与TM5相比，相对误差降低了约一个数量级；采用目标编码量的优化分配策略，峰值信噪比有明显提高，而且能改善由于场景切换所带来的对图象解码质量的影响。

A semiconductor optical amplifier model is employed in which the self birefringence of SOA due to stress is taken into account. The integral action of the birefringence of the fiber and the PC is represented with a Jones matrix of linear retarder.

半导体光放大器采用由张应变引起的自身双折射理论模型，光纤的双折射效应和偏振控制器对光的偏振调节作用综合用一个线性双折射琼斯矩阵表示。

Hence, we can employ the traditional action integral method by the remnant periodic orbits to explore the quantization condition for a nonintegrable system.

当体系处于较低的激发态时，由于周期轨迹并没有完全被破坏掉，仍可以运用其作用量积分对体系进行量子化。

The study results showed that the static interferes between heat and electrical load can be eliminated because of the integral action of the PID governor of DEH control system, dynamic interferes between heat and electrical load are decreased.

结果表明，由于DEH控制系统中PID调节器积分控制作用的存在，能够消除热电荷之间的相互静态干扰。新汽压力扰动时，调节级压力控制回路具有较好的瞬态响应特性；而负荷扰动时，功率控制回路具有较好的动态响应特性。

Simulation results show that it can achieve high control precision by using intelligent integral action, its relative error is reduced one order of magnitude compared with TM5; using the improvement on target bits allocation, the average decoding PSNR is increased visibly, and the decoded picture quality is improved when scene changes.

模拟实验结果表明：采用智能积分作用能达到很高的控制精度，与TM5相比，相对误差降低了约一个数量级；采用目标编码量的改进分配策略，平均峰值信噪比有明显提高，而且也能改善由于场景切换所带来的对图象解码质量的影响

Aituator load system ; optimal sliding mode variable structure control ; reaching law ; integral action ; feedforward control ; attenuation rate

舵机加载系统；最优滑模变结构控制；趋近律；积分策略；前馈控制；衰减度

A novel sliding-mode control is designed with a load thrust observer for the Linear Permanent Magnetism Synchronous Motors,in order to compensate the disturbance and effectively minimize the system chattering;introducing an integral action in the sliding mode to eliminate the system error and chattering.

针对永磁同步直线电机提出了一种基于负载推力观测器的新型滑模变结构控制，从而实现对推力扰动的补偿，且大大削弱了推力纹波及系统的抖振；在滑动模态中引入积分环节来进一步消除系统的稳态误差和系统抖振。

In this paper, based on MPEG 2 Test Model 5 (TM5) bit rate control algorithm, there are some improvements proposed:① an intelligent integral action is proposed for improving the control precision of bit rate;② after using DCT AC coefficients to define the measure of macroblock and picture coding difficulty, an improvement on target bits allocation is proposed for the decoded picture quality and conformance including scene change, which can adjust the target bits allocation adaptively by their measure.

针对MPEG－2测试模型5（TM5）比特速率控制算法进行了以下改进：①引入一种智能积分作用，有利于提高比特速率的控制精度；②采用DCT交流系数定义宏块和图象的编码难度测度，然后提出了改进的目标编码量分配策略，即根据编码难度测度自适应调整图象和宏块的目标编码量，有利于提高包括场景变化在内的图象解码质量及其一致性。

Author regards topography's effect on underlying horizon rock formation as distributed load, thus obtains expression of subsidiary stress induced by distributed load by integral action.

山体对其下伏岩层可作为分布载荷，对集中力作用下水平岩层中各应力分量积分，便求得山体对下伏水平岩层的附加应力。

After a brief review about the problems of bit rate control for MPEG video coding, two optimizations are proposed based on MPEG-2 Test Model 5 (TM5) algorithm:①An intelligent integral action is introduced for improving the control precision of bit rate;②After using DCT AC coefficients to define the measure of macroblock and picture coding difficulty, an improvement on target bits allocation is proposed for the decoded picture quality and conformance including scene change, which can ajust the target bits allocation adaptively by their measure.

文中首先对MPEG视频编码比特速率的控制问题作了简要回顾，然后针对MPEG-2测试模型5(TM5)算法进行了以下优化：①引入一种智能积分作用，有利于提高比特速率的控制精度；②采用DCT交流系数定义宏块和图象的编码难度测度，然后提出了优化的目标编码量分配策略，即根据编码难度测度自适应调整图象和宏块的目标编码量，这样有利于提高包括场景变化在内的图象解码质量及其一致性。

Given the language of section 102(2), the Supreme Court's rejection of substantive review under NEPA seems unjustifiable in principle

按照第102条的规定，最高法院否决《国家环境政策法》所规定的实质性复审在原则上似乎是不正当的。

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of variable hip abduction orthosis on children spastic cerebral palsy.

目的探讨髋关节矫形器在儿童痉挛型脑性瘫痪康复中的作用。