查询词典 put forward

There are two micro-patterns used to analyse the optimal problem in macro-economics:One is the indefinite pattern put forward by Lamsy;and second is the overlap pattern put forward by Samurson and Daimon.

在宏观经济学中常使用两个以微观为基础的基本模型来分析消费和投资的优化问题：其一是拉姆赛提出的无限期界模型；其二是萨缪尔森和戴蒙得提出的世代交叠模型。

Be like Internet new definition put forward, of Internet Darwinism put forward to wait a moment.

如互联网新定义的提出，互联网进化论的提出等等。

New type of water chemistry for utility drum boiler and its principle and characteristic Two kinds of water chemistry's main principle and characteristic are detailedly analyzed. Against the problem of high eroding speed, high Fe content in feed water and boiler water, high scaling speed, short chemical cleaning interval, needing poisonous chemical deoxidant, etc for drum boiler's deoxidization water chemistry and difficulty of using oxidation water chemistry, a new type of water chemistry is put forward on the basis of analyzing the characteristic of whole power station's water steam cycle system, principle of two kinds of water chemistry and their practical effect in every cycle stage. Considering two water chemistry's merit, a new water chemistry called Limited Oxidation Water Chemistry is put forward, which is a local slight oxidization no-deoxidant water chemistry. And the proposed method's principle, control parameter, applying condition, start-lay up and emergency measures are initially calculated and analyzed.

三、新型汽包炉水化学工况的提出及其原理和特点详细分析了国内外现行两大类水化学工况处理的核心原理和特点，针对现行汽包炉还原性水化学工况处理所存在的系统腐蚀速度相对较大、给水和炉水铁浓度高、锅炉结垢速度快、机组酸洗间隔短、无法避免有毒化学除氧剂的使用以及氧化性水化学工况在汽包炉机组上应用的困难等问题，在详细分析电站整个水蒸汽循环系统的特点、两类水工况处理的原理和对循环中各段处理的实际效果等的基础上，综合两者的优点，提出了一种新型的局部轻微氧化性无除氧剂汽包炉水化学工况－"汽包炉有限氧化性水化学工况"处理原理，并初步计算、分析和确定了该种新型水化学工况的主要工艺控制参数、应用条件、启停与紧急情况处理等。

A theoretical computation equation for determining air way reliability during mine fire is put forward. The failure mode of air way during mine fire is analyzed. A disjoint minimal path set algorithm based on network simplification technology and truncation error theory for computing the reliability of large scale ventilation network during mine fire is put forward.

提出了矿井火灾时期风路可靠度的理论计算式，分析了矿井火灾时期风路失效模式，提出了适合计算大型通风系统在火灾时期可靠度的"基于截断误差理论和网络简化技术的不交化最小路集算法"。

First of all, Shanghai Stock Market s risk constitution, and the ratio of the systematic risk and the non-systematic risk were introduced, some suggestion of risk management were also put forward .Secondly, the risk and the income relations were analyzed. Thirdly, using thirty (30) samples stocks of Shanghai Thirty (30) Indexes as the combination, the investment portfolio scale and the disperser risk degree, etc., were examined, the strategy of investment portfolio in Shanghai Stock Market was also put forward .

首先，分析了上海股市的风险构成，系统风险和非系统风险的比例，并根据上海股市的实际提出了风险管理的对策；其次，分析了风险与收益的关系；再次，以上海30指数的30只样本股为组合对投资组合的规模、分散风险的程度等作了研究，并提出上海股市投资组合的策略。

On base of investigating and analyzing,the species,occuring ruleand disserve characteristics of alfalfa field weeds in Beijing area were discussed.And put forward weed control methods of alfalfa seedlings were put forward.

本文在调研、分析北京地区大田苜蓿地杂草种类、发生规律及危害特性基础上，采用土壤耕作、刈割和化学药剂相结合的措施，对苜蓿幼苗地和大田杂草进行综合防治，取得良好效果。

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

abstract: translation is meant to give the specific meaning of the language from one language into another, in the 1960s nida first put forward the concept of equivalence,and so on, as reflected in its translation of the application process of thinking, but from now, and this theory has been put forward over 40 years, the equivalent point of view has changed dramatically, in the process of translation reflects the present-day equivalent of the point of view worth considering.

翻译主要是把特定语言文字的意思从一种语言转换成另一种语言，上世纪60年代nida首先提出了动态对等的概念，以此反映其在翻译过程中的应用思考，而现在距等值理论的提出已经过了40余年，等值的观点也发生了显著变化，如何在当今翻译过程中体现等值的观点值得思考。

The article is in a large number of visitting, on have an informal discussion and the foundation that questionnaire investigates, the socialization of medium and small businesses that draws beautiful, day, harbor, table serves systematic experience and lesson, discuss the socialization that has Chinese distinguishing feature to serve systematic mode from theory and practice angle, put forward socialization of medium and small businesses to serve a system " turn pattern " operation pattern, upright from which the angle of orgnaization property, put forward to have the executive plan of maneuverability.

文章在大量走访、座谈和问卷调查的基础上，吸取美、日、港、台的中小企业社会化服务体系的经验和教训，从理论和实践角度探讨具有中国特色的社会化服务体系的模式，提出中小企业社会化服务体系的"推式"运行模式，并从中介机构性质的角度，提出具有可操作性的实施方案。

The first part is preface, on the basis of expounding the background, the purpose, the meaning and the thinking of the thesis study, briefly introduce the research achievements of domestic and international urban spatial structure; the second part is summary, expatiate on the connotation, component, research span and space type of urban spatial structure; The third part is theory foundation, mainly introduce the three classical models of city spatial structure in the west country (concentric circles mode, fan-shaped mode and multi-core mode) and the relative city development theories (growth pole theory, dot-axis theory, core-fringe theory, metropolis circle theory and city space evolution theory); The fourth part is general situations of study region; The fifth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial structure evolution, along the historical venation Of city development, on the basis of analyzing industrial structure change, focus on and sumup the characteristics of spatial development and form, meanwhile, analyze factors which influences the spatial development; The sixth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial development trend, put forward the development models of Lanzhou city spatial structure from three space aspects(the core city, the city, region) in the future, they are group gobbet structure, fingers structure, circle structure; The seventh part is to mainly put forward the development strategies for the different spatial structure models.

第一部分为前言，在阐明论文研究背景、目的及意义、思路的基础上，简要介绍了国内外城市空间结构相关研究成果；第二部分为概述，对城市空间结构的内涵、组成要素、研究尺度及其空间类型作以介绍；第三部分为理论基础，主要是对西方城市空间结构的3大经典模型(同心圆模式、扇形模式和多核心模式)以及与本研究相关的城市空间发展理论(增长极理论、点轴理论、核心——边缘理论、都市圈理论和城市空间演化理论)的介绍；第四部分为研究区概况，主要是对研究区域范围的界定及其社会经济发展概况介绍；第五部分是兰州城市空间结构演化分析，顺着兰州城市发展的历史脉络，在分析产业结构变动的基础上，着重对城市空间发展及其形态特征进行归纳总结，并分析了空间发展的主要影响因素；第六部分是兰州城市空间发展趋势分析，从中心城市、市域、区域3个空间层面上提出未来兰州城市空间结构的不同模式，即组团结构、指状结构、圈层结构；第七部分是城市空间发展策略，针对不同的城市空间发展模式提出一些对策建议。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。