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Given the Duri oil field adjacent to the consolidation of sand there is not serious sand greatly reduced pump rod pump efficiency, and horizontal wells using the naked eye is difficult to control completion of prefabricated sieve out the sand, so the use of horizontal wells Kulin tolerance strata of sand Rodless pump artificial lift.

鉴于相邻的Duri油田有不固结砂，严重的出砂大大降低了有杆泵泵效，而水平井采用裸眼预制筛管完井难以控制出砂，因此Kulin水平井采用耐受地层出砂的无杆泵进行人工举升。

The impact of pump depletion on gain spectrum is analyzed by comparing the gain spectra in pump depleted and pump undepleted regimes.

通过比较考虑抽运光损耗与忽略抽运光损耗增益谱的差别，分析了抽运光损耗对增益谱的影响。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

The valveless pump has inlet and outlet with tapered tube and does not need control of valves. The flow rectification of the valveless pump can be realized based on the nozzle/diffuser action. The differential SMA actuator controlled by alternative current makes the baffle of the valveless pump reciprocating motion.

该无阀泵具有锥形入口和出口而不需要阀门控制，单方向泵流是靠锥形入口和出口的收缩和膨胀作用实现的，差动式形状记忆合金执行器在交变电流的控制下使无阀泵的挡板往复运动。

Along with development of heat pump and its all kinds of driver device and heat pump system experiment study, heat pump technology will be applied more and more widespreadly in our country,and will play an important.

概述了中国目前的能耗现状和能源问题面临的形势，提出热泵技术是回收和利用低位热能的有效措施之一，研究和推广应用热泵技术对于节能有重要意义。

A change in single-screw pump suction valve opening degree, when the suction vacuum is small, pump parameters changed little, and when the suction vacuum is larger, the pump working conditions deteriorated dramatically.

改变单螺杆泵吸入口阀门开启度，当吸入口真空度较小时，泵特性参数变化不大，而当吸入口真空度较大时，泵的工作状况急剧恶化。

In order to meet the need of economic development for large-specification roll of steel plates, technical improvements have been carried out in the hot-rolling mill. The six sets of high pressure water pump, which cannot provide high enough speed of water supply for rolling, is replaced using three sets of high pressure centrifugal pump. The working mode of three sets of high pressure centrifugal pumps is that two pumps work and another one is spare. After the project has been carried out other problems emerge, for example, the electromotor becoming very heat and the pump being frequently attainted.

为了适应经济发展对轧制大规格的热轧板卷的需要，热轧板厂对轧线进行了技改，将6台不能满足快节奏高速轧制供水的高压柱塞泵更换为3台高压离心泵，三台高压水泵采取两用一备工作状态，投运以来，又出现电机严重发热，泵频繁损坏的问题。

In addition, on the basis of introducing systematic principle of water- loop heat pump, have distinguished and analyzed to some several concepts fuzzier and easier to obscure in using, the conclusion is that water- loop heat pump belongs to the air- source heat pump in fact.

此外，在简单介绍水环热泵系统原理的基础上，对一些在使用中比较模糊和容易混淆的几个概念进行了区别和分析，并得出水环热泵事实上应该是一种空气源热泵的结论。

This article introduces the structure, principles and performance of several low-noise gear pumps, analyses that gear pump is the noise source in the new internal combustion forklift and battery forklift, provides some methods which can reduce the gear pump noise, and establishes the matching relation between gear modulus and pressure angle of the gear pump, which is applied to the new internal combustion forklift and forklift battery.

摘 要：本文介绍几种低噪声齿轮泵的结构、原理和性能，分析了新型内燃叉车和电瓶叉车中齿轮泵是噪声源，给出了可降低齿轮泵噪声的方法，建立了该种齿轮泵的齿轮摸数和压力角匹配关系，并在某新型内燃叉车和电瓶叉车上得到应用。

Used the finite element method computation pipe network resistance thus obtains the ballast water system the line pressure distributed situation. The paper also has carried on the computation to the ballast tank hydraulic loss and has provided the theory basis to the ballast pump optimized design. The overpressure to the ballast tank has been carried on the discussion. The paper also gets the function between the rated flow and the rated pressure of the pump on ships whose BW pipe net is uniform and line is different, which provides a new method for the selection of BW pump.

文章重点讨论了船舶压载水系统的水力计算，使用有限元法计算管网阻力从而得到压载水系统的管路压力分布情况；文章还对压载舱的水力损失进行计算，对压载水泵的优化设计提供了理论依据；文章还对压载水舱过压问题进行讨论；文章对压载水系统相同而航线不同的船舶，利用最小二乘法得到其压载水泵额定流量和额定压头之间的函数关系，为压载水泵的设计和选型提供了新的方法。

But this is impossible, as long as it is engaging in a market economy, there are risks in any operation.

但是，这是不可能的，只要是搞市场经济，是有风险的任何行动。

We're on the same wavelength.

我们是同道中人。