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The venom of elapid snakes contains a number of small proteins that display a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities.In study on the neurotoxin from the venom gland of Bungarus multicinctus,five cDNA sequences (MNCTL1-a,MNCTL1-b,MNCTL1-c,MNCTL1-d and MNCTL2) encoding two novel proteins were obtained from the total RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

采用SMART技术和RT-PCR方法，从同一个银环蛇毒腺中克隆到了5 种尚未报道过的心脏毒素类似物全长cDNA序列（MNCTL1-a、MNCTL1-b、MNCTL1-c、MNCTL1-d和MNCTL2）。5种序列中，MNCTL1-b、MNCTL1-c、MNCTL1-d和MNCTL2的长度均为505 bp，包括5′非翻译区32 bp，3′非翻译区212 bp和其余261 bp组成的一个完整开放阅读框；MNCTL1-a 由于3′非翻译区24 bp的缺失，全长cDNA仅为481 bp。

ELISA and cell proliferation assay were used to determine the activities of both proteins of fusion proteins.

用ELISA分析技术和细胞增殖试验测定融合蛋白质的抗体和细胞因子活性。

Three species of macrophyte (Elodea nuttalli, Vallinmeria spiralis, Alterranthera philoxerides), which are widely distributed in water environments, were used to perform solid-state fermentation to produce crude proteins. The effects of single-strain fermentation and mixed-strains fermentation of aquatic macrophyte on yields of their crude proteins and cellulase activities were analyzed.

采用微生物固体发酵技术对伊乐藻、苦草和喜旱莲子草3种高等水生植物进行单细胞蛋白生产的研究，分析单一菌种和混合菌种发酵过程中水生植物粗蛋白含量和纤维素酶活的变化过程。

After induction and massive expression of the 3 fusion proteins, the soluble fraction was purified with 50% Ni-NTA resin affinity chromatography, which was proven by SDS-PAGE of the eluate to be a method that can achieve high purity of fusion proteins.

大量诱导表达三种融合蛋白后，取含FA、FB融合蛋白的可溶性组分用50％Ni-NTA树脂过柱纯化，将洗涤部分进行SDS-PAGE检测，表明用此纯化方法能纯化到高纯度的融合蛋白。

ARID (AT-rich interaction domain) protein is a transcription factor family in higher eukaryotes that regulates cell proliferation, development, and differentiation. Specificity of DNA binding ability in this family prefers AT-rich sequences, but some ARID family proteins are not sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins or they do not bind AT-rich sequences. We found two genes that encode ARID in Giardia lamblia genome database, garid1 and garid2. We analyzed the function of garid1 first. AU1-tagged gARID1 was found to localize to nuclei. During encystation, gARID1 mRNA level decreased emphatically, but protein level increased. We also found that gARID1 can bind AT-rich initiator of the cwp1 promoter by EMSA. Mutation analysis revealed gARID1 binding sequence was AGATC and AATAAAATA. We used ChIP to demonstrate that gARID1 can bind cwp1 gene promoter in vivo.

ARID(AT-rich interaction domain)蛋白质家族是真核生物的一种转因子，在许多同种的真核生物有它的同源基因，这个家族的蛋白质通常与调控细胞的生长、发育和分化的作用有关，而这个家族的蛋白质和DNA的结合能，各种ARID蛋白质的专一性尽相同，过大致上偏好於和AT-rich的序结合；我们已经在形鞭毛虫的基因组中找到个含有ARID 的基因，分别是garid1和garid2，我们首先对於garid1做分析；将AU1标记接到gARID1转染形鞭毛虫，用免疫萤光染色可发现gARID1存在於细胞核中。gARID1的讯息RNA在囊体化后会明显下，过其阳性染色和蛋白质表现有明显增加；EMSA实验中也发现gARID1会明显的与cwp1基因启动子之AT-rich initiator结合，经由突变序分析，也显示gARID1的结合序为AGATC和AATAAAATA，随后我们也用ChIP证明gARID1在细胞内也的确会和cwp1基因的启动子结合。

Exportable proteins and membrane proteins are usually made in association with the endoplasmic reticulum.

可输出蛋白和膜蛋白的制造通常与内质网有关。

Making gfp fusion protein is a convenient method to mark the expression of interesting proteins, but it may interfere the expression of interesting proteins, since gfp is a quite big protein itself.

一方面，作为标记与目的蛋白融合可以方便的标示目的蛋白的表达情况，但gfp本身是个相当大的蛋白，会降低目的蛋白的表达；另一方面，进一步分离时需使用抗gfp的单克隆抗体进行免疫共沉淀，既不经济又不方便。

Now we have known that SARS-CoV encoded 11 varietal proteins. They have 4 constitutive proteins: spike protein, membrane protein, envelope protein and nucleocapsid protein. Spike protein trimer form spike and exsertion? virus peplos on the surface. Spike protein is archi-surface antigen component of virus, it has acceptor binding and membrane fusion activity. Spike protein has important effect at tissue tropism, cell-fusion and toxicity. Nucleocapsid protein can bind genome RNA to shape neucleocapsid. Membrane protein and envelope protein are necessary constituent to shape virus peplos. Spike protein is I-type membrane glycoprotein, it mediate virus binding with host cell epimembranal acceptor and to fuse host cell membrane.

SARS-CoV属于巢状病毒目、冠状病毒科，为单正链RNA病毒，基因组全长约29.7kb，已知编码11种蛋白，其中包括4种结构蛋白，分别是刺突蛋白、包膜蛋白、小包膜蛋白和核蛋白或核壳体蛋白。S蛋白三聚体形成突起，伸出包膜表面。S蛋白是病毒的主要表面抗原成分，具有受体结合和膜融合活性，在组织嗜性、细胞融合和毒力等方面起重要作用。N蛋白与基因组RNA结合形成核衣壳。M蛋白和E蛋白是包膜形成所必需的成分。

They can be classificated to two kinds. One kind is build by photomultiplier; another kind is build by MCP. The mechanism of delayed luminescence is discussed with subradiation. A photon count system is built. To proof the biophoton is a kind of ultra weak photon stream originate from exothermic reaction, and primarily discuss the relationship between the delayed luminescence and proteins activity, we chose microphyllous banyan leave , ficus elastica leave, gingkgo leave, Chinese fan palm leave, and cinnamomum camphora leave as biological samples. The ultra weak photon emission from normal biosamples, and proteins inactivated biosample were measured separately with photon count system. The results showed that the delayed luminescence of biosamples have

在研究过程中，作者从辐射陷获的角度讨论了延迟发光的产生机制，对生物光子的生物化学起源与相干场起源的统一性进行了探索；自行搭建了单光子探测系统；测量了小叶榕树、印度橡树，银杏树，蒲葵树香和樟树等多种植物叶片样品的延迟发光，获得了大量实验数据；为了证明生物光子是一种起源于放热化学反应能量释放的微弱光子流，并初步探讨生物蛋白活性与延迟发光衰减之间的关系，测量了正常生物样品、生物蛋白灭活样品的延迟发光，同时测量了多种不含蛋白质的无机化学体系作为比对，实验结果和实验数据的回归分析表明：弱光子发射来源于放热的化学反应，延迟发光的强度与衰减时间与生物蛋白活性密切相关。

However, the study indicated that the fecundation ability was decreased no matter what cryoprotective mediums and what freezing methods were used, companied with the losing of proteins, changing of proteins expressing quantity and increasing or decreasing of the function and activity in sperm after cryopreservation. Now, the study is altering to exploit the essence of the change of protein structure and function, and elucidate the cryodamage mechanism of sperm cryopreservation, which may provide the basic theory for cryopreservation of boar semen and promote the rapid development of the technique of boar semen cryopreservation.

但研究表明，无论采用何种冷冻保护剂、何种冷冻方法都损害了精子的受精能力，并伴随有蛋白质的丢失、表达量的改变、功能活性的增减等，这种研究现状迫使该领域的研究向充分揭示冷冻对精子损伤的机理方向转移，希望通过揭示冷冻保存所导致的蛋白质结构和功能改变的实质，充分阐明冷冻损伤的机理，为猪精液冷冻保存提供理论依据，并最终促进猪精液冷冻保存技术的快速发展。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。