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In this thesis, we implement a computational procedure to categorize and classify 3-D objects from their contour under a simple environment. First, we use foreground detection, Canny edge detection and speedy GVF snake to obtain the object's contour. The contour is then used to establish the object's features. Two databases are built using methods which compute similarity by modified aspect-combination algorithm proposed by Cyr and Kimia and new proposed aspect-combination algorithm. By using these two databases, we recognize 3-D objects using four recognition methods and compare their performance. Finally, a conclusion is made that our newly proposed algorithm is better than the modified algorithm proposed by Cyr and Kimia.

在本论文中，对一个在单纯环境下的三维物体，由撷取到辨识出此物体做了一个完整的实现，首先，利用前景侦测结合肯尼边缘侦测法和加速的梯度向量流动态轮廓侦测法，来得到物体轮廓，接著利用此轮廓找寻出物体的特徵，然后配合计算相似度的方法，代入修改后的Cyr and Kimia的外观结合演算法（aspect-combination algorithm）和新提出的外观结合演算法去建资料库，然后，对於三维物体则依据两种不同方法所建出的资料库，利用四种辨识的方法来辨识并比较其结果，最后得出新提出的外观结合演算法是优於修改后的Cyr and Kimia的外观结合演算法的结论。

On the design of algorithms, a novel exact hierarchical delay analysis method for general circuits is proposed; based on the sensitization theorem for sequential circuits, an exact minimizing clocking method is proposed; based on Boolean process, a waveform simulation method considering interconnecting delay for logic circuit and a parallel waveform simulation method are proposed; a new method that transforms bit-level waveform polynomial to word-level polynomial model is proposed; a multiple valued synthesis algorithm based on multiple valued Boolean process and a wire-centered delay synthesis policy are proposed, in which timing planning, floorplanning, wire planning and optimal clock skew in early design are considered; a two-layers channel routing method for minimizing crosstalk under grid mode is proposed; based on the transition numbers theorems for waveform polynomial, a new method for generation of test with noise effects is proposed.

算法设计方面，提出了一种精确的通用电路层次化延时分析方法；基于时序电路的敏化定理提出时序电路最小时钟周期精确确定方法；提出基于Boolean过程论的考虑互连延迟的逻辑电路波形模拟方法，在分析了波形模拟适合并行化基础上，进一步提出一种并行波形模拟算法；提出一种将位级电路波形多项式描述转化成字级多项式描述的新方法；提出一种基于多值Boolean过程的多值电路综合算法以及一种将前期设计定时规划、前期设计的布局规划和线网结构化方法及低偏移的时钟分配等技术相结合的面向互连延时的综合策略；提出一种串绕最小化的网格模式下的双层通道布线方法；从波形多项式描述跳变数的定理出发提出了一种考虑噪声效应的测试生成新方法。

The main research work and its results are: 1Empirical results are analysed for the relations of fault displacement and earthquake magnitude, and difference between permanent ground deformation and maxium dynamic relative displacement on the two sides of fault; 2An analytic method is proposed for resopnse of a buried pipeline due to earthquake fault movement; 3A new shell model with an equivalent boundary and relted finite element analysis method are proposed for estimating response of a buried pipeline under large fault movement; 4By the proposed method, damage performance of water supply steel pipelines with large diameter is simulated to the real cases in Kocaeli Earthquake and Ji-Ji Earthquake, and simulating results show the real failure mode of pipes is revealed; 5Effects of overlying soil and soft/hard interlayers are analyzed on ground rupture mode and degree due to earthquake fault, and some earthquake rupture phenomena in soil layers are theoretically described for the first time; 6Pipeline response characters are discussed for the case of considering effects of soil layers on ground rupture mode; 7Research results and proposed method are applied in seismic analysis of pipline acrossing fault in the Gas Tansportation Project from West to East in China.

主要工作和成果包括：1）分析了不同断层位错形式下地表破裂位错量与震级之间的经验关系，并基于集集地震近断层记录分析了断层两侧永久地面变形和地震动相对位移幅值之间的差别，为合理地考虑地震断层位错地面变形动态影响提供了依据；2）发展了断层位错地面大变形下管线反应分析模型并给出物理概念明确、简单实用的解析分析方法；3）建立了断层位错下埋地管线反应分析的等效边界壳模型有限元方法，方法中引入了以非线性弹簧形式模拟离断层较远处管段影响的等效边界，简化了计算模型并突出了近断层处管体反应；4）利用等效边界壳模型方法，对土耳其地震和集集地震中大口径埋地管线震害进行了模拟，结果表明所提方法可以更清地解释震害所表现的管体破坏特征；5）研究了覆盖土层和软硬夹层的存在对断层位错地面破裂形式和程度的影响，首次从理论上解释了某些地震地表破裂现象；6）探讨了考虑土层对断层位错地面变形影响的管体反应特征；7）本项目成果已在西气东输工程的管道跨断层抗震问题分析中得到了应用。

Combined with (1)"The Five Competitive Forces analysis" proposed by Michel E, Porter (2)"Strategic matrix analysis" proposed by Dah-Hsian Seetoo,(3)"Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations" proposed by Ginter, Swayne and Duncan (1998), and (4)"The Nature of the Strategy" proposed by Se-Hwa Wu. This paper tries to combine these theoretical perspectives and highlights a normative model and it's details for industrial competitive analysis and strategy formulation. One side of academic aspect, we expect this model could generalize to apply to other industry as well as to health care industry. On the other side of practical aspect, we expect to offer CEO of hospital a more complete and fruitful framework for strategic and competitive analysis.

本文以国内外学者所提出不同观点的策略学说，应用於医疗产业分析，以往竞争策略架构的分析模式多引用Porter的五力分析，本文另从司徒达贤提出的策略矩阵分析法中之产业及策略分析构面来加以考量，加上Ginter，Swayne and Duncan(1998)之医疗管理分析模型及吴思华所提出的策略九说，使得在实务分析上更为完整，以期藉由此分析方式，提供医疗产业更丰富多元的思考模式。

The computational complexity has been reduced about 5 times over against the original one. Moreover, the interpolation and quantization processing of CW is more reasonable; 2. A secondary power normalization algorithm is proposed in this dissertation. This normalization algorithm ensures that the energy sum of SEW and REW is 1. So, the energy ratio of SEW and REW can be achieved only by using SEW energy. This ratio is applied in REW quantization and CW composition; 3. For more efficient quantization for Slowly Evolving Waveform magnitude, Rapidly Evolving Waveform magnitude and power parameters, firstly, by applying the Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth theory, classifiable multi-codebooks method, analysis-by-synthesis approach and so on, a predictive AbS multi-codebooks SEW magnitude quantization scheme is proposed. In the scheme, pitch information is exploited to determine which codebook is searched; secondly, for REW magnitude quantization, this dissertation proposed a DCT-matrix multi-codebooks quantization scheme. The classification in muti-codebooks is based on pitch and quantized SEW power. The multi-codebooks structure may offer more the information in quantization and solve the problem of the bit requirement limits in quantization by consuming some extra storage space; Furthermore, for the switch quantization of CW gain, a new classified parameter is proposed.

本文的主要贡献体现为如下几方面：一、为了减少WI模型的计算复杂度，提出了基于快速傅立叶变换、三次B样条插值和周期延拓技术的特征波形(Characteristic Waveform，CW)表示和对齐的快速算法，与原方法相比，计算量下降到原方法的1/5，同时也使得CW在插值和量化时更合理；二、为了严格保证SEW与REW的能量和为1，提出了一种特征波形的二次功率归一化算法，仅需要SEW能量就可以算出二者的能量比，并可应用到后续的REW的分类量化和CW合成中；三、为了对慢渐变波形(Slowly Evolving Waveform，SEW)幅度、快渐变波形(Rapidly Evolving Waveform，REW)幅度和特征波形功率进行有效量化，本文首先采用临界频带理论、分析合成技术、感觉加权技术以及预测式矢量量化技术，提出了一种基于基音周期分类的SEW分析合成预测式多码书量化方法；其次，本文根据基音和量化后SEW的功率信息对REW幅度进行分类，提出了一种基于离散余弦变换的REW矩阵多码书量化方法。

By time-varying filtering, we realize the signal selectivity and interference suppression, especially for the signals with time-varying power spectrum. It is shown herein that conventional eigenstructure based methods are lower dimensional special case of the time-frequency subspace fitting method. The closed-form array response estimation algorithms for blind source separation in wireless communication is also developed in the dissertation by exploiting the data structure of second-order statistics of the array output in the presence of multipath. The proposed method achieves array response estimation with little constraint on signal property and propagation environment such as scatters or angular spread. Moreover, the array utilized here can be of arbitrary geometry and even uncalibrated. Since the closed-form solution is obtained, no misconvergency may occur and large amount of computation can be saved. The equivalent feed model and corresponding optimization designation are proposed to realize the downlink multi-user selective transmission. By coherent and non-coherent superposition of the electromagnetical field, multiple beams can be formed using a single array, so that each co-channel user signal is transmitted in each beam and will not interfered with each other. The proposed system scheme implements the digital beamforming and the channel allocation in the base band, therefore is suitable for the utilization of the radio software technology. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are proved by the RF experiment.

在窄带条件下，GSC－SSF方法还可以提高阵列的虚拟孔径，从而提高估计的性能；可以证明，Cyclic DOA 和SC-SSF方法可看作该方法的特例或近似； 3、提出了二维GSC－SSF方法和宽带谱相关DOA矩阵方法，利用信号的循环平稳特性解决了宽带条件下二维 DOA 估计问题，并具有阵元数少、计算量较小的特点； 4、提出了时频子空间拟合和宽带时频DOA估计算法，将联合时频分析的理论和方法引入到阵列信号的空间谱估计研究中，利用时变滤波实现信号选择性测向和干扰抑制，特别适合于谱时变信号；可以证明传统特征结构法可看作是时频子空间拟合方法的特例； 5、提出了多用户环境下阵列响应的估计方法——CARE方法，该方法对信号结构和传播参数（主要是散射源分布与角度散布）的约束较少，适用于各种几何结构的阵列甚至未校准的阵列，能够直接得到阵列响应的闭式解，因此计算量小、稳健性好，不存在收敛问题； 6、提出了针对多用户下行选择性发送的阵列等效激励模型、优化设计方法及其系统实现方案，通过空间场的相干叠加与非相干叠加使得单一阵列能够形成多个波束，并保证各波束内的用户信号各不相同且相互干扰最小；其系统方案具有在基带实现数字波束成形、信道分配并便于软件无线电实现的特点，其有效性已得到外场实测数据的证实。

A new gene structure is proposed: head+body+tail, which allows the program with necessary complexity and putting some learning mechanism into the search process.② A new homeotic gene structure is proposed, it not only can call for subroutines easily, but also can automatically perform programming.③ The concept of different homeotic gene, a multi-cellular structure is proposed. It can be used to describe the complex multi-level programs and to implement the complex subroutine calls.④ An estimation of distribution operator for guiding search is proposed. It fuses statistic learning mechanism into the search process to accelerate the convergent process and improve the quality of solutions.

提出了一种新的基因结构：头＋身＋尾，使计算机自动设计的程序具有必要的复杂性，又便于引入学习机制；②提出了一种新的同源基因结构，它不仅可实现子程序的调用，还具有很强的编程能力；③提出了异族同源基因的概念：一种多细胞结构，它能描述复杂的多层次程序结构，实现可重用程序的复杂调用；④提出了分布估计变异方法，将统计学习机制融入算法，既提高了算法的收敛速度，又提高了解的质量。

The IAASB asked the Task Force to present the following for approval at the May 2006 IAASB meeting: a final version of proposed ISA 260, reflecting amendments proposed by the IAASB, as the basis to be used for applying the clarity drafting convention to the revised version of the ISA; and the proposed exposure draft of proposed ISA 260 redrafted in accordance with the clarity drafting conventions.

IAASB要求任务小组提交以下文件，以便IAASB在2006年5月的会议上讨论通过：ISA260的最终修订稿，该版本应反映了IAASB对旧版所做的调整，并且将作为拟写实施细则草案的基础；和实施细则相一致的ISA260征求意见稿。

Also in this chapter,aproper inter-relationship between the arbitral tribunal and the court,thearbitration commission,the arbitration association is proposed for theperfection of arbitration mechanics;improvements to the theory ofempowerment by the parties and the theory of empowerment by law areproposed for the perfection of the theory of arbitration empowerment;for the perfection of the theory of exercise of arbitral power,reinforcements are proposed to the concrete powers of the tribunal,theissue how the tribunal should exercise its discretionary powers isdiscussed,and improvements are proposed to the theory of immunity ofarbitrators in the exercise of arbitral power;for the perfection of thetheory of safeguards for arbitral impartiality,it is proposed thatsafeguarding mechanism for internal supervision should be establishedas soon as possible and strengthened;improvements to theories forcourt support and supervision of arbitral power are also suggested.

同时，本章针对仲裁机制的完善，提出了如何正确处理仲裁庭与法院、与仲裁委员会、仲裁协会等的关系；针对仲裁授权理论的完善，提出了如何完善当事人授权理论和法律授权理论；针对仲裁权行使理论的完善，提出了应如何进一步强化仲裁庭的具体权力，仲裁庭应如何行使自由裁量权，以及如何完善仲裁权行使中的仲裁员免责理论；针对对仲裁权公正性保障理论的完善，提出了应如何尽快建立并强化内部监督的保障机制，以及如何完善法院对仲裁权的支持与监督理论。

The main results obtained are as follows:(1)A new multisignature scheme for specified group of verifiers is proposed;(2) A new signature scheme with threshold shred verification is proposed. Based on the proposed scheme, a new password shared authentication scheme is presented to repair the security flaw in Qi et als scheme;(3) We point out some weaknesses of two directed signature scheme proposed by Lim et al.

作者取得的主要研究成果如下：(1)提出一个新的针对指定接收组的多重签名方案；(2)提出一个新的门限共享验证签名方案，并设计了一个新的口令共享认证方案，该方案可以弥补祁明等的方案的不足；(3)指出Lim et al。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。