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To the crack in the rail surface, the effect of longitudinal location on the distribution of the elastic-plastic stress and strain in the railhead is calculated. The maximum stress around the crack in the rail surface over the yield stress and the steel around the crack has plastic strain.

对于条纹状钢轨表面缺陷，主要计算了不同横截面位置条纹状钢轨表面缺陷对轨头内弹塑性应力场和应变场的影响，条纹状钢轨表面缺陷的存在使其周围最大等效应力超过了钢轨材料屈服极限，导致该位置钢轨发生了塑性应变。

Adopt at present most advanced large-scale SUPER SAP finite element structure analyse procedure to go on numerical value calculation for model of drilling rod, drilling rod whole stress simulation of state that receive show and reflect drilling rod various kinds of stresses under different working states distribute the characteristic clearly, make stress state of drilling rod reach visual, make people able to understand informations of drilling rod of stress status in depth too at the same time, so that the design of the improvement drilling rod constantly is in order to meet the demands of actual project.

采用当前最先进的大型SUPER SAP有限元结构分析程序对钻杆的模型进行了数值计算，得到的钻杆整体应力状态的模拟显示清楚地反映了钻杆在不同工作状态下的各种应力分布特征，同时也使钻杆的应力状态达到了可视化，使人们可以深入了解钻杆应力状态信息，以便不断的改进钻杆的设计以满足实际工程的需要。

In this paper,the effect of pre-stress on peen-forming is studied by experiments,the results show that pre-stress can change the relationship between pre-deformation and pre-stress shot peen deformation,and that 0.05%～0.1%pre-strain is comparetively suitable to improve the spanwise rectilinearity of shot peen-forming configuration surface.

文摘：对预应力喷丸成形进行了试验研究，指出预应力可以改变其对应的预变形与预应力喷丸变形之间的大小关系，在以改善喷丸型面纵向直线度为主要目的的预应力喷丸成形中，预应变取值0.5/1000～1/1000较为适宜。

The results show that dynamic softening is easy to occur in these ingots and flow stress becomes steady finally; the material constants of hot deformation are procedural parameters that stress-level coefficient α, strain rate sensibility exponent m and deformation activation energy Q are all increased with strain increasing, while stress exponent n is decreased gradually; the values α and m of the alloy homogenized are the biggest and the value n is the smallest, dynamic softening effect of the alloy is the most obvious, which can deform evenly; influence of strain on the value Q of the alloy homogenized is a little and the average value of Q is only 176.5kJ/mol, so the alloy is easy to deform; the alloy matrix shows the regular recrystallization grains when the strain is 50%; dislocation cell structure re-formed in the grains with increase of strain.

结果表明：经不同处理的Al-1Mn-1Mg合金均易发生动态软化并最终呈现稳态流变特征；热变形材料常数是过程量，随应变量的增加，应力水平参数α、应变速率敏感性指数m和热变形激活能 Q 随之增大，而应力指数 n 则逐渐减小；均匀化退火后，铝合金的α和m值最大而n值最小，动态软化效果最明显且变形均匀，在该状态下，铝合金的 Q 值受变形量影响小，平均仅为176.5kJ/mol，易进行热变形；当应变量为0.7时，基体呈现规则的再结晶晶粒组织，随着应变量的增加，晶内重新形成了位错胞结构。

In composite, the thermal residual stress in the matrix is tensile stress, and that in the particle is contract stress.

在复合材料中，基体中存在拉应力，颗粒中存在压应力。

It was shown that the asymmetry in the elastic modulus results from the compressive residual stress in the fiber root and the asymmetry in the yield strength results from the tensile residual stress in the matrix and compressive residual stress in the fiber.

分析表明，纤维根区域的压缩残留应力造成弹性模量的不对称性，基体拉伸残留应力和纤维的压缩残留应力造成屈服强度的不对称性。

In this paper, through FEM residual stress relaxation at hot spot is studied under arbitrary variable amplitude cyclic loading, and the relation of the sum of residual stress relaxation, residual stress and the applied load is revealed.

该文通过有限元方法分析了在任意变幅循环载荷下，疲劳热点处的残余应力释放的规律，归纳出残余应力释放的大小与初始残余应力和外载荷之间的关系公式。

The results indicate that multisource fatigue core appear in the axe surface non-metallic inclusion distributing place by bending and retortion circle stress; The crack selevtivity expand to form the fatigue step along inclusion distributing route in the cut stress; The crack celerity expand to form the fatigue striation when puff part adequacy long in the positive stress.

结果表明：辊轴在弯曲、扭转循环应力作用下，表面非金属夹杂物分布位置出现多源疲劳核心；在切向应力作用下裂纹沿夹杂物分布路径选择性扩展构成疲劳台阶；当断面张开部分足够长时，在正向应力作用下发生快速扩展，微观形成疲劳辉纹。

In view of poor researches on stress characteristics of soil and lining in the loess highway tunnel, the paper analyses the performances of stress and deformation of soil and lining structure, the process of runnel construction, and water infiltration influences, and makes field observation of stress features of lining structure and theory research of surrounding rock pressure.

鉴于黄土公路隧道土体及衬砌力学特性研究不足的状况，论文针对黄土公路隧道工程进行了土体和衬砌结构受力与变形性状分析、隧道施工过程和浸水影响数值分析、衬砌结构力学特性现场测试和围岩压力理论研究。

Recent years as development of the computer and software, it becomes reality using numeric simulation to research grouting in clay. Using the software of PFC2D, the grouting in clay is lucubrated and such achievements are reached: Grouting technologies in existence grouting material and serosity are studied and rational methods are put forward in choosing grouting technology and serosity.(2) Base on numeric simulation biax test a method is explored to simulate clay with PFC2D.(3) A method is explored to simulate grouting using PFC2D.(4) The relation between serosity pressure and diffuseness of grouting in clay with different initial stress is studied.(5) The stress transformation of clay is studied during grouting.(6) The stress distribution is studied under different serosity pressure.(7) The normal stresss and shear stresss at any section are studied.

近年来随着计算技术的发展，使得采用数值模拟的方式研究均质土体中的注浆成为可能，本文则利用离散元程序PFC2D对均质土体中注浆进行了研究，主要做了以下几方面的工作：(1)研究了现有注浆加固技术、注浆材料以及浆液的性质，阐述了合理选择注浆方式以及浆液的方法；(2)采用数值双轴实验，探索了应用离散元模型模拟土体的方法：(3)探索了采用颗粒流程序进行注浆数值模拟的方法途径；(4)研究了在粘土中注浆不同侧向土压力条件下浆液扩散范围与注浆压力规律；(5)研究了注浆过程中不同阶段土体中压应力的变化；(6)研究了不同注浆压力对土体应力分稚的影响：(7)研究了注浆过程中土体中任一截面处正应力与剪应力的对比关系。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。