查询词典 promoter

In the present study, the unidirectional CaMV 35S promoter has been modified to a bi-directional promoter by fusing its minimal promoter element to the 5′end of CaMV 35S promoter in the opposite orientation.

在本研究中，通过在CaMV35S启动子的上游反向连接其小启动子，将其改造为双向启动子。

In our lab previous data, we also have observed that a plant extract fraction containing mainly glucan isolated from Dioscorea batatas plant showed a similar effect on the induction of GM-CSF transgenic promoter activity in mouse skin tissue.

在实验室先前的实验结果中，利用将从山药块茎萃取出来的，大部分由glucan组成的植物萃取物，称为DsCE-I，应用在老鼠皮肤之实验系统中，也同样具有活化GM-CSF transgenic promoter之活性。

Methods The IL17 cDNA and Thy1.1 fulllength cDNA were subcloned into MIT(MSCVIRESThy1.1) retrovirus vector, and the siRNAIL17, U6 promoter and Thy1.1 fulllength cDNA were also inserted into retrovirus vector of pMNDBANSHEE.The recombined vectors were transfected 293 packaging cells by DNA calcium phosphate coprecipitation. Virus supernatant which infected preactivated spleen cells from NOD/BDC mice was collected. After incubation, the IL17 expression in diabetogenic T cells was detected.

利用基因工程和细胞克隆技术分别将IL17的cDNA插入MSCVIRESThy1.1逆转录病毒载体，将Thy1.1、U6增强子(U6 promoter)基因和IL17的siRNA cDNA插入逆转录病毒载体pMNDBANSHEE，采用磷酸钙沉淀法将重组载体转染293包装细胞；收集病毒上清，转染预先活化的NOD/BDC小鼠脾细胞，测定致糖尿病性T细胞的IL17和siRNAIL17的表达。

Different plant expression vectors had been respectively transferred into upland cotton cultivars Jinman12, Jinmian7, Xinluzao1 and Jihe321 via Agrobacterium tumfaciens transformation. These vectors carried cryIAc3 gene, which encodes Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin, under the control of chimeric OM promoter, CaMV 35S promoter, and cotton leaf curl virus RP promoter respectively; snowdrop lectin gene (Galanthus nivals agglutinin, gna) trans-regulated by rolC promoter controlled TGAla factor; and multivalent expression construct of both cryIAc3-cpti fusion gene and gna gene. A large number of transgenic plants and their progenies had been obtained.

为了提高外源基因的表达量，延缓害虫产生耐受性，本文通过将携带有分别在高效复合OM启动子，CaMV35S启动子及棉花曲叶病毒RP启动子控制下的苏云金杆菌杀虫毒蛋白基因cryIAc3；反式调节因子增强韧皮部表达的雪花莲外源凝集素(Galanthus nivals agglutinin，GNA)基因；以及同时含有cryIAc3、豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因和gna三价抗虫基因的植物表达载体，以根农杆菌介导法分别将这些表达载体导入了陆地棉新陆早1号、晋棉7号、晋棉12号和冀合321等我国西北棉花主要栽培品种，经体细胞胚再生获得了大批转基因再生植株。

Among all, deleted in liver cell (DLC-1) gene was found to play an important role in hepatoma in 1998, and after that hypermethylation on the promoter of the DLC-1 gene was found in many other cancers, suggesting that epigenetic modification is another way to control the carcinogenesis. Another gene, Endothelin type B receptor, was found to cause megacolon syndrome by accident while searching the cause of white spot in mouse, and was also found hypermethylation on its promoter in some cancer cells.

在此中，DLC-1基因自从1998年后被发现在肝癌的演化上扮演重要的角色后，在许多其他的癌症上也发现此基因上位於promoter的CpG islands有过度甲基化的现象，推论DLC-1基因的过度甲基化是一种经由epigenetic modification调节细胞癌化的方式。

In this research, the complete ipt gene was cloned from Agrobacterium pTiAch 58 Hind Ⅲ fragment and its promoter was re-constructed so that following three chimaeric genes were created:(1) ipt promoter plus ipt coding region and terminator ,(2) RuBP SSU 301 promoter from petunia plus ipt coding region and terminator ,(3) pea seed-specific vicilin promoter plus ipt coding region and terminator .

将ipt基因克隆后对其启动子进行了改造，分别构建了如下三种基因：（1）ipt启动子+ipt编码区和3′区，（2）磷酸核酮糖羧化酶小亚基启动子SSU 301+ipt编码区和3′区，（3）豌豆种子特异性启动子vicilin+ipt编码区和3′区。

From the frequently used way that applying probe vectors for choosing promoter to the using of PCR, there were lots of ways for promoter cloning. Afterwards, a series of techniques based on PCR for promoter cloning such as I-PCR, P-PCR, SSP-PCR, YADE, TAIL-PCR were developed in succession. They offered more reliable and reasonable ways of cloning the promoter.

着重介绍了启动子克隆的方法，从常用的利用启动子探针型载体筛选启动子到PCR方法的应用，及此后相继出现的一些基于PCR法的克隆启动子技术，像I-PCR， P-PCR， SSP-PCR， YADE， TAIL-PCR等，为克隆启动子提供了更可靠，更合理的方法。

The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of cirrhosis associated with genotype, precore stop codon G1896A mutation and A1762T/G1764A double mutation in the basal core promoter of hepatitis B virus.

本研究乃以前瞻性世代研究法探讨B 型肝炎病毒B、C基因型、precore stop codon G1896A 突变和basal core promoter A1762T/G1764A 双突变对於发生肝硬化的影响。

The summary results are below:1. GUS expression under the driving of the BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was essentially undetectable in the young seedlings under normal growth conditions. GUS activity was first detected in the stigma of young flowers, peaked in the young siliques, and decreased when the siliques became older. No GUS expression was found in the mature siliques, seeds or root.2. The BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was inducible by NaCl, PEG, wounding and MeJA treatments. High levels of GUS expression were detected in the transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants after wounding, NaCl, PEG, and MeJA treatment, indicating that the BjCHI1 promoter responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses.3. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in B. juncea was inducible by PEG and NaCl.4. The transcription start site was determined by 5′-RACE, and was located at the 17th nucleotide upstream of the translation initiation codon of the BjCHI1 gene.5. A -805/+17 promoter fragment was enough to response to wounding and MeJA induction, which was proved in transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. The 397 bp region between -805 and -409 of the BjCHI1 promoter contains a cis-acting element that is essential for the wounding and MeJA inducibility.6. The -695/-620 region was necessary but not sufficient to confer MeJA-responsive expression. A T/G-box locates in -353 play an important role in the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in response to MeJA treatment. The 76 bp region is coupled with the T/G-box to confer full MeJA-inducible transcription of the BjCHI1 gene.

主要结果如下：1、利用转基因拟南芥植株分析表明，正常生长条件下，BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)驱动GUS基因主要在花柱中表达，幼嫩的荚也有表达，并随着果荚的成熟而减弱，成熟的果荚、种子和根没有显示GUS活性。2、BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)能驱动GUS基因在转基因烟草和拟南芥中响应伤害的诱导，转基因拟南芥的分析还证明BjCHI1启动子也受MeJA、NaCl和PEG的诱导，证明BjCHI1启动子是一个伤害、MeJA、NaCl和PEG等生物和非生物因素诱导启动子。3、RT-PCR进一步证明芥菜中BjCHI1基因也受NaCl和PEG的诱导表达。4、5′-RACE法鉴定了BjCHI1启动子的转录起始位点，位于翻译起始位点ATG上游第17个碱基A.5、转基因烟草和拟南芥分析证明，-805/+17的启动子片段足以响应伤害和MeJA的诱导，-805和-409之间397 bp的启动子片段含有对伤害和MeJA诱导必要的元件。6、本明烟叶片瞬时表达系统分析证明，一段76 bp的序列(-695/-620)对BjCHI1启动子响应MeJA的诱导是必要的，但不足以响应MeJA的诱导，位于-353的T/G-box也参与MeJA的诱导。76 bp的序列(-695/-620)与T/G-box协同起作用，赋予BjCHI1启动子MeJA诱导性。

The dose-dependent experiment revealed that Id1 antagonised E47 and Ets1 mediated transcriptional activation in a dose-dependent manner. With pGL3-870 as a template, site-directed mutagenesis of E-box and / or ETS-binding site was introduced into p16 promoter. E47 could not activate the transcription of p16 promoter with E-boxes mutated, and Ets1 could not activate the transcription of p16 promoter with EBS mutated. The synergy effect between E47 and Ets1 would occur only if the E-boxes and EBS were present. These facts demonstrated that E47 and Ets1 proteins were not recruited to the promoter by binding to other cis-elements or through interaction with other protein factors, however, they bound to DNA directly through respective consensus sequences in p16 promoter.

以pGL3-870为模板，构建了E-box或/和EBS点突变的p16启动子报告基因载体，将野生型和突变型的报告载体分别与pI-E47、pI-Etsl以及pI-E47+pI-Ets1共转染，发现E47和Ets1所诱导的转录激活作用依赖于启动子DNA上存在的各自的特异结合序列，二者的协同作用也只有当两个结合位点都存在时才会发生，说明E47和Ets1不是与其它作用元件或其它蛋白质因子相作用而被招募到该启动子的，它们是通过启动子上各自的特异结合位点与DNA直接结合的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。