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Mapping of microsatellite markers in two wheat crosses segregating for Pm23 and Pm4b, respectively, in combination with the reported mapping of Pm4a, indicated that the three genes were all linked to the marker Xgwm356 with a distance of 3-5 cM. Allelism between Pm4b and Pm23 was then confirmed, when the progenies of a cross between VPM1 (Pm4b) and Line 81-7241, were shown to be all resistant to a B.

利用获得的8个标记对Pm4b进行遗传作图，结果表明，4个标记与Pm4b连锁(Xgwm356、Xgdm93、Xbar76和Xbarc122)。3个抗白粉病基因(Pm4a、Pm4b和Pm23)均与标记Xgwm356连锁，遗传距离为3-5cM，等位性测验证明Pm23与Pm4b为等位基因。

The difference in genetics reflected by the above three angle between selfed progenies and original amphidiploid was very small.

自交一代与原生双二倍体在三个层次上表现的遗传差异很小。

The results suggested that the hypovir-ulence - associated genetic elements existed in the cells of isolate Ep- 1PN unequally, andsome cells were shortage of the hypovirulence- associated genetic elements.1572 sexual progenies of isolate Ep- 1PN were obtained through single- ascospore -isolation from seven apothecia.

本文对核盘菌Ep-1PN菌株的弱毒特性及其相关特性的遗传特点进行了分析，并评估了Ep-1PN菌株及其弱毒因子防治菌核病的生防潜能，现将结果报道如下

In the self-bred progenies of autopolyploid,we found that a very few chimaeraexist in the cells of root tips,but most of them had no change in ploidy. We also found13 diploid plants in the experimental plot (ratio is 0.46%) and can be divided into 4categories.

在部分同源多倍体株系的自交结实后代中，随机取样进行根尖染色体检查，结果表明多倍株系体的自交结实后代倍性没有变化，但发现有个别细胞为不同倍性的嵌合体；田间观察到分离出来的极少数正常二倍体，占0.46％，按照形态特征可以分成四个不同的类型。

The fruit size variation range of the progenies was 5 to 110 grams, formed a skew curve and inclined to the crab apple parents.

并初步探讨了大苹果与小苹果杂种后代几种主要性状之间的相关与回归。

Since curly leaf hybrid could be recognized at early stage,and displayedobvious dwarfness,choosing"Zha′ai 76"as paternal parent not only raised thehybrid-selecting efficiency from the pollinated progenies,but also raised thebreeding efficiency of apomctc dwarf roostock of apple.

鉴别宽叶型杂种较难、需时较长(2-3年生时)并需与染色体倍性鉴定法相结合，因其形态变化较小而生长势又与平邑甜茶无融合生殖苗无明显差异；鉴别光叶型杂种因父本染色体组的影响加大而从形态上容易些，但也需过氧化物同工酶法或染色体倍性鉴定法相配合；皱叶型杂种因在苗期刚出1-2片真叶时就表现明显的标志性状、能从叶片形态上准确鉴别出来，毋须染色体倍性鉴定等复杂方法；因皱叶型杂种能早期鉴别，又表现明显的矮生性，因而选用"扎矮76"做父本不仅大大提高了平邑甜茶授粉后代中选择杂种的效率，而且提高了苹果无融合生殖型实生矮砧育种的效率。

Thus, neural stem cells and their partly differentiated progenies became the promising donors in engraftment.

因此，神经干细胞及其诱导分化的前体细胞作为移植供体成为最具前景的供体来源。

This has been a transition, in essence, from old-fashioned pig pens to vast excremental hells, unprecedented in nature, containing tens, even hundreds of thousands of animals with weakened immune systems, suffocating in heat and manure, while exchanging pathogens at blinding velocity with their fellow inmates and pathetic progenies.

这在本质上就是从老式猪圈变为巨大粪便地狱，其特点前所未有。这种转变使得数万乃至数以十万计的动物免疫系统受到削弱，高温和粪便令动物窒息，而病原体对动物同伴和可怜的后代的传播速度则令人吃惊。

Except for female pupas, SOD activities of progenies of the hybrids in different developmental stages were significantly higher than that of progenies of self-cross.

杂交后代的各虫态，除雌蛹外其SOD活性均高于其自交后代的SOD活性；以黄色型黄粉虫为母本的雌、雄成虫和雄蛹的SOD活性较高，而以黑色型黄粉虫为母本的雌蛹和幼虫的SOD活性较高。

Compared with progenies of inter-tree-pollinated E.urophyllaagain,progenies of self-pollinated E.urophylla showsignificant inbreeding depression in height,DBH and volume;theyshow no significant inbreeding depression in water content ofgreen wood,basic density and bark thickness;their content of1%NaOH extractives increases significantly,and their maturefiber length decreases significantly.

与尾叶桉株间杂交子代比较，尾叶桉自交子代的树高、胸径和材积具有显著至极显著的近交退化，生材含水率、木材基本密度和树皮厚度无近交退化现象，1％NaOH抽提物含量呈略显著性提高，成熟材纤维长度呈显著性减短；尾叶桉自由授粉子代的近交退化规律大致与自交子代相同，但其退化程度远不及自交子代。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。