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The membrane formation processes include two main processes, the evaporation process was dynamically monitored with FTIR-ATR and the immersion process was dynamically photoed with optical microscope. The kinetic effect of the dry/wet phase inversion process on the morphology has been studied.

动态监测成膜过程的不同阶段，用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪来研究干相转化的蒸发过程，采用数码相机连续照相的方法，用光学显微镜来研究湿相转化的凝胶过程，并探讨成膜动力学过程对膜的最终结构及性能的影响。

In this thesis, the phase diagram of Zn-Al binary system on 10~69.5 w% was reinvestigated by using differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction and pushrod dilatometer. The process of isothermal transformation during the aging of high-Aluminum-Zinc-based alloy was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry, and the aging behavior of the alloy was analyzed at the aspect of thermal analysis kinetics. The change of microstructure which the alloy was being heated was observed on high-temperature metallurgical microscope. The microstructure and wear-friction properties were compared among the alloys treated with several different heat treatment processes, and a model for heat treatment processes was proposed based on artificial neural network,so as to predict the relationship between friction coefficient and parameters of aging treatment such as aging temperature and time.

本文采用高温X射线衍射、示差扫描量热分析、热膨胀等方法重新测定含锌量范围为10％～69.5％的Zn-Al系二元相图，利用示差扫描量热分析法，研究高铝锌基合金时效等温转变过程，并从热分析动力学的角度分析高铝锌基合金合金时效行为；使用高温金相显微镜观察合金加热时的组织变化；比较几种不同热处理工艺对高铝锌基合金显微组织与耐磨性能的影响并利用人工神经网络建立高铝锌基合金热处理工艺模型，预测合金摩擦系数随时效温度及时间变化规律。

From the beginning,the processes are sectionalized or collated according to the limiting operating data of lean streams, and then the matching between rich streams and lean streams is optimized step by step in accordance with the collated processes, ultimately the design of water-using network is attained.

新方法首先依据规则将操作对贫流的要求进行分段排序，然后按操作序列逐级进行富流和贫流水源的优化匹配，最终完成用水过程的设计。

This paper has explained interorganizational relationships formation motivations from six domains i.e. transaction costs economics, resource dependency, strategic choice, et al, then upbuilt the integration framework of interorganizational business processes' origin, which can offer decision supports for enterprises participating in interorganizational relationships and constructuring interorganizational business processes.

本文从交易成本经济学、资源依赖理论、战略选择等六大学术领域探讨了组织间关系的形成动因，构建了跨组织业务流程起源的整合框架，为企业参与组织间关系和构建跨组织流程提供决策参考。

The objectives of this paper were to investigate the simulation and design of continuous multiple-station rolling forming process for a U-Section Steel Bar by CAE software-DEFORMTM Due to the limitation of elements number using a short strip 120mm went through all the stations to simulate the real continuous rolling forming on factory The roller gap was fixed as 0 30mm roll speed was 20 rad/sec and progressive angles were all equal for each rolling process which were the formed angle divided by by the number of station Three rolling processes were selected with 6 9 and 12 stations respectively During simulation processes two cases occurred Case A the strip was through a single station Case B the strip across two stations Because the strip laterals side was stretched and twisted during the process The model of case B closer to the practical process than case A and the calculated stress and strain on the tip of U section for case A were lower than these for case B by up to 15% From the result of case B for each process the stress for 12-station process was smallest 9-station process second and 6-station process next Because less-station can save larger cost and forming time but the bigger stress and strain for 6-station caused wrinkles on lateral sides not found on 9-station and 12-station Therefore 9-station process was a more suitable design than 12-station process smaller stretched and twisted and stress The progressive angles for 12-station was 7 5?

本文主要是以DEFORMTM有限元素软体模拟U型钢片连续道次成型与单一道次成型以确认单一道次模拟的是否可取代连续道次模拟之研究。因DEFORMTM 软体对於网格元素上的限制故使用较短素材120mm通过所有的成型站以模拟工厂实际连续成形方法。辊轮间隙固定为0 3mm；辊轮转速为20 rad/sec；弯曲角度的方法为将成型角度平均除以成型站数。有三种辊轮成型方式被选择分别为6站，9站，与12站。在模拟的过程中有两种现象会产生 Case A，素材通过单一成型站。Case B，素材会通过两个成型站。因为在模拟过程中素材的两端会有拉应力与扭力。Case B的模拟比Case A像实际的制程，并计算应力与应变在U型断面的Tip部中可发现Case A比Case B低约15%。从Case B的每站的结果可以得知，12站的成型应力最小，9站次之，6站最后。

Key introduces the CT-121 bubble type spraying tower haze desulphurization craftCT-121 uses the limestone - gypsum (it is in the present world is maturest, most economical, applies broadest desulphurization craft) the aqueous method desulphurization craftIt the sulphur dioxide absorption, the oxidation, neutral, technological processes and so on crystallization as well as dust removal merges to an independent gas - fluid - solid phase reactor in carries onIt the sulphur dioxide absorption, the oxidation, neutral, technological processes and so on crystallization as well as dust removal merges to an independent gas - fluid - solid phase reactor in carries on

与传统的石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺相比，CT-121最大的特点在于鼓泡式吸收塔。它将二氧化硫的吸收、氧化、中和、结晶以及除尘等工艺过程合并到一个单独的气-液-固相反应器中进行。气体进入喷射管，喷射成无数小气泡，形成鼓泡区，从而大大增加了传质面积，提高了脱硫效率。CT-121脱硫工艺能够达到95%以上稳定连续的脱硫率，最低10 以下的粉尘排放率以及优异的可靠性和实用性。问题补充：谁再帮忙给篇，石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫方面的论文文献，谢谢了中英文版的，谢谢了555

This light weight aluminum knuckle will be made by the hybrid processes, casting and localized forging, which be with some advantages of relative low tooling cost and high component mechanical property over counter pressure die casting, permanent mold die casting or forging processes. It is very suitable for applying the development of light weight knuckle as when it is required in small quantity and large variety type.

它是一种以轻质铝合金作为材料，应用复合制程工法所作成，其模具费用较铝合金锻造品低廉且机械性能与品质稳定性也优於铝合金差压或重力铸造工法，所以很适合针对少量多样之转向节产品进行开发。

When several ultrafast pulses are propagating simultaneously, nonlinear processes such as cross-phase modulation, cross non-degenerate TPA, SRS and four-wave mixing, and so on, will be considered. One of the nonlinear processes will play dominance for various conditions.

当多波长超快脉冲在波导中传输时，脉冲之间将发生交叉相位调制、交叉非简并双光子吸收、受激拉曼散射和四波混频等非线性过程，在不同的条件下，将具有不同的非线性过程起主导作用。

We consider a double-line risk model,where the claimed number processes and one of the double policies about number processes are different Cox process es.

研究了一类双险种风险模型，模型中的索赔到达计数过程和其中一个险种的保单到达计数过程均为 Cox过程，得到了最终破产概率满足的推广的Lundberg不等式；研究了混合Poisson风险模型的破产概率，得出在一定条件下平稳Cox模型比Poisson模型风险更大的结论。

Concrete formula adopted computer control sand, stone, water, cement, admixtures measurement as well as various specifications of models with a variety of processes ( centrifugation, suspended roller, plug-in, PCCP, wind-driven, core-mode vibration technology) series die, various interfaces, such as drainage pipes: level I, level I, socket type, F-type pipe jacking mode, three-stage pressure pipe vibration Process modules for the largest caliber DN3m 4m (domestic exclusive use of stress to eliminate mold, sand blasting processes), is China's only capable of producing PCCP steel cylindrical pressure tube and a variety of cement pipes, such as a full set of equipment and tooling manufacturers, who national key project ¤- Inner Mongolia Wanlian Brothers Pipeline Company Diversion Project, Jilin pipeline, dragon pipe industry, Fujian Nampo, Xi'an, Shanghai tunnel company, REN Bang Tianjin, Beijing, Hubei, China and South Africa, Zhengzhou Jinlong, Nanjing, Zhejiang Tenglong Xinjiang National Unification, Liaoyang Xiaotun so water and drainage pipes around the country supporting the project.

混凝土配方采用电脑程序控制砂、石、水、水泥、外加剂计量以及各种规格型号与各种工艺的（离心、悬辊、插入式、PCCP，风动、芯模振动工艺）系列模具，各种接口形式，如排水管：平口、企口、承插式、F型顶管模、三阶段压力管振动工艺模的最大口径为DN3m×4m（国内独家采用模具应力消除、喷砂工艺生产），是全国唯一能生产PCCP钢筒压力管以及各种水泥管等全套设备与模具的厂家，曾为国家重点工程─—内蒙古万联兄弟管道公司引水工程、吉林管道、巨龙管业、福建南浦、西安、上海遂道公司、天津任邦、北京、湖北中南、郑州金龙、南京、浙江腾龙、新疆国统、辽阳小屯等等全国各地引水与排水管工程配套。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷