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Carry on structure analysis to the spare parts first, understand its structure characteristics to choose suitable semi-finished product and the semi-finished product manufacturing of the reasonable a craft thus;Then the technique request of spare parts carries on analysis, understanding it each process superficial accuracy grade and the surface rough degree, make it process the fixed position in the process and clip a tight way in assurance inside the scope of economic accuracy, draw up the machine of spare parts to process craft process thus and further, choose each work preface to process equipments and craft material, the assurance slices to pare dosage and craft size, computing the man-hour of each work preface settle sum.

首先对零件进行结构分析,了解其结构特点从而选择合适的毛坯以及合理的毛坯制造工艺;再零件的技术要求进行分析,了解其各加工表面的精度等级以及表面粗糙度,使其在经济精度的范围内确定加工过程中的定位和夹紧方式,从而进一步拟订零件的机械加工工艺过程,选择各工序加工设备以及工艺装备,确定切削用量以及工艺尺寸,计算各工序的工时定额。

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上,建立扭转关节的静态模型,并分析了扭转关节内腔压力,初始转角,橡胶管平均半径,橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响,得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系,扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大,扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论;建立了扭转关节的动力学方程,仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短,在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计;分析讨论橡胶管壁厚,平均半径,初始角度,气体节流口面积,转动惯量,粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响,得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显,壁厚较小时,关节可以得到较大的转角,并且转角的响应曲线没有超调,但上升时间长,壁厚较大时,关节转角变小,响应加快,但是有超调和轻微振荡现象,橡胶管平均半径越大,得到的关节转角越大,但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大,FPA的初始角度越大,关节的转角越大,并且超调量减小,振荡减弱,但是上升时间增大,管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大,但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响,转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

The process reuse architechure raised in the paper both support abstract process model cycle and practical process instance cycle mechanism, which can realizes dymamic improvement for both organization standard software process and practical project software process. So, the process reuse architecture provides necessary support for application of process improvement technology.

本文提出的过程复用框架同时支持抽象过程模型层面以及具体过程实例层面双重循环机制,可以实现组织标准软件过程和具体项目实例的动态改进,为CMM过程改进提供了一种具体的实施技术和方法,对过程改进技术的应用提供了必要的完善和补充。

Oneself design of the topic use number control tool machine to process center 藩 a town to process a box of body cover, impassability electricity and improvement which hope to find out a numerical words' application to process with traditional machine after the machine process realm in this design create the method that the painful machine processes, also hope passing this time designs better control and make use of a numerical words control to process center, for in the days to come of the work study much many backlog experience, pass a tutor to know industriously with oneself integrity of design process, to Chinese tradition handicraft of the machine process of the improvement have further of understanding with realize deeply;The machine of modern's processing realm is no longer a pure machine and process, it with calculator numerical turn and have inseparable contact, became 1 kind to influence place near situation mutually this a time's design to still apply a CAD etc.

本人设计的课题的用数控机床加工中心藩镇加工箱体盖,希望能在本次设计中找到数字话应用在机加工领域后与传统机械加工的不通电以及改良创痛机械加工的方法,也希望通过本次设计更好的掌握和运用数字话控制加工中心,为日后的工作学习多多积累经验,通过导师的辛勤知道和本人完整的设计过程,对中国传统手工的机械加工的改进有了进一步的了解和深刻的体会;现代的机械加工领域已不是单纯的机械加工,它与计算机数字化有着密不可分的联系,形成一种相互影响相互处近的局势本次设计还应用了CAD等等,希望为数控机械加工提供点心得谢谢

The information integrated pattern based on PDM/PLM in the course ofmanufacture is put forward. Under the constraints of building CAPP platform, thearchitecture of CAPP platform is established. The models of decision making andfunction for process planning are given. Then the development means of CAPP basedSmarTeam are extracted.3. The structure of modular product life cycle is established. Toward the divisionand planning of the General Modules oriented product family, theCAD/CAPP integrated model of flexible module based on feature and CAD/CAPPmapping model based on process planning match board are set up. The keytechnologies of Solidworks/SmarTeam/CAPP integration are studies.4. From the point of view of process match board and step match board, theprocess of creating to process planning match board is studied. As an example, themachining process planning of up beam of hydraulic press machines is used tointroduce the establishment of process planning match board by means of inferencebased on expert knowledge. The organize model about the process planning matchboard oriented product family is brought forward.5. The multi-decision methods of CAPP system based on analytic hierarchy aregiven.. On the basis of uniform data model, the sub-machining process planning ofpart is auto-created by means of analytic hierarchy, The step decision methods basedon AHP is put forward.6. For the design/manufacture information in the course of product life cycle, thetree structure based on Object-Oriented and static model based UML are founded. Themethod of establishing design/manufacture information management system isbrought forward. The commercial PLM software—SmarTeam is regarded asdevelopment platform, on basis of which, the design/manufacture informationmanagement system is built, and the multi-view mapping technique ofdesign/manufacture information model is studies.7. A computer-aided CAPP platform based on PDM/PLM is founded, and itsstructure, function, work flow is illustrated. Some example of the system areintroduced.

阐述课题提出的目的和意义,明确了本文研究的主要内容。2、提出基于PDM/PLM的制造过程信息化集成模式;在平台式CAPP系统的设计约束模型基础上,构建了平台式CAPP系统的体系结构;并给出工艺决策模型和功能模型;最后提出基于SmarTeam的CAPP开发模式和实现策略。3、建立模块化产品生命周期模型的组织结构;针对面向产品族的广义模块的划分和规划方法,建立基于特征的柔性模块CAD/CAPP集成模型及基于工艺模板的CAD/CAPP映射模型;研究Solidworks/SmarTeam/CAPP集成的关键技术。4、从工序模板和工步模板的角度研究了工艺模板的创建过程;以液压机上梁模块机加工为例,采用基于专家知识的推理技术实现了工艺模板的创成;提出了面向产品族的工艺模板分层结构树的组织模式。5、提出基于分层规划的多模式工艺决策流程;在统一数据模型的基础上,从特征层和零件层分层规划,实现了零件加工子工艺的自动创成;提出基于AHP的工步排序决策方法。6、针对产品生命周期中的设计/制造信息,建立了面向对象的类树结构和基于UML的静态结构模型;提出基于PDM/PLM软件的设计/制造信息管理系统的构建方法;以商品化PLM软件SmarTeam作为开发平台,开发了基于SmarTeam的设计/制造信息管理原型系统;研究设计/制造信息模型多视图映射机制。7、开发了基于PDM/PLM的平台式CAPP原型系统,构建了系统的功能模型,并对系统的主要功能进行说明,给出系统的运行实例。

The contents of the course include: what operating system are, what they do, how they are designed, and where they came from; a general history and explanations of computer system, and some discussion on hardware and the relation between operating system and other software; concept of process, process states and process control block, process queue, management of processes; concepts of sequent programming and parallel programming, process synchronization and its application, process communication; scheduling level and job state transition, job scheduling, process scheduling, and methods for scheduling; deadlock and its necessary conditions, deadlock prevention, control and recovery of deadlock; fixed partition, multiple partition and replacement partition memory management, swapping and overlays; page, segmentation and segmentation with paging storage management, basic concept of virtual memory management, and page, segmentation and segmentation with paging memory management.

课程的内容包括:计算机系统概述、操作系统的形成、发展、功能、特性、类型和发展趋势;操作系统的硬件环境、操作系统与其它系统软件的关系;进程的概念、进程的状态和进程控制块、进程队列、进程的管理;顺序程序设计和并行程序设计概念、进程间的同步与互斥、同步机构应用、进程间通信;调度的层次和作业状态转换,作业的调度、进程调度、调度算法;死锁问题的提出、死锁的必要条件、死锁的预防、避免、控制和恢复;固定分区、可复分区、多重分区内存管理技术以及覆盖技术和交换技术;分页域、分段域、段页域存储管理技术、虚拟存储管理的基本概念、分页域、分段域、段页域虚拟存储管理。

Multitasking operating systems come in two flavors: cooperative multitasking and preemptive multitasking. Linux, like all Unix variants and most modern operating systems, provides preemptive multitasking. In preemptive multitasking, the scheduler decides when a process is to cease running and a new process is to resume running. The act of involuntarily suspending a running process is called preemption. The time a process runs before it is preempted is predetermined, and it is called the timeslice of the process. The timeslice, in effect, gives each runnable process a slice of the processor''s time. Managing the timeslice enables the scheduler to make global scheduling decisions for the system. It also prevents any one process from monopolizing the processor. Bs we shall see, this timeslice is dynamically calculated in the Linux process scheduler to provide some interesting benefits.

多使命操作体系可化分为两类:非抢占式多使命以及抢占式多使命所有像Unix的变种体系以及很多现代操作系同同样,Linux提供抢占式的多使命模式在抢占式多使命模式中,调度步伐决议啥子时候进程中止,新的进程能够开始得到运行这个被强制挂起的动作就叫做抢占进程在被抢占前,运行的时间是预知的,这个时间叫做时间片究竟上,时间片是为每一个运行态的进程分配处置惩罚器的时间的一片管理时间片,使能调度步伐为体系做好整个的局面:胸怀~调度决议时间片也能阻止任何一个进程垄断处置惩罚器正如我们看到的,在Linux进程调度步伐中时间片是蜂蜜面膜动态计算出来的,这样带来很多利益

The process features and shape features of the electronic part are classified and defined, and then the feature model library is built, which enables rapid input of the part information. The rules and methods of stamping process design are summarized to build the stamping process library, so that the stamping process can be designed rapidly and intelligently. Furtherly, the process design rules and methods in process station layout of multi-station progressive die as well as the methods of decompounding and compounding process and the expression method of the process station layout are concluded and summarized, and then the rule library and case library of process station layout are built. Designing the process station layout rapidly is carried out based on rules and cases. At last the rapid design function of process station layout is validated through simulating the rapid designing layout system of multi-station progressive die on Pro/E 3D platform.

主要研究成果有:对电子产品冲压件的工艺特征与形状特征进行了分类和定义,建立了特征模型库,实现了冲压件信息的快速输入;归纳了冲压工艺设计规则和方法,建立了冲压工艺知识库,实现了冲压工艺快速与智能化设计;归纳总结了多工位级进模工步排样中的工序设计原则和方法,工序分解与工序组合方法,工步排样知识的表示方法,建立了工步排样规则库和实例库,利用基于规则和实例的推理方法,实现了工步排样的快速设计;在Pro/E三维软件平台上开发了电子产品多工位级进模工步排样快速设计系统,系统通过实例验证了工步排样的快速设计功能。

The objectives of this paper were to investigate the simulation and design of continuous multiple-station rolling forming process for a U-Section Steel Bar by CAE software-DEFORMTM Due to the limitation of elements number using a short strip 120mm went through all the stations to simulate the real continuous rolling forming on factory The roller gap was fixed as 0 30mm roll speed was 20 rad/sec and progressive angles were all equal for each rolling process which were the formed angle divided by by the number of station Three rolling processes were selected with 6 9 and 12 stations respectively During simulation processes two cases occurred Case A the strip was through a single station Case B the strip across two stations Because the strip laterals side was stretched and twisted during the process The model of case B closer to the practical process than case A and the calculated stress and strain on the tip of U section for case A were lower than these for case B by up to 15% From the result of case B for each process the stress for 12-station process was smallest 9-station process second and 6-station process next Because less-station can save larger cost and forming time but the bigger stress and strain for 6-station caused wrinkles on lateral sides not found on 9-station and 12-station Therefore 9-station process was a more suitable design than 12-station process smaller stretched and twisted and stress The progressive angles for 12-station was 7 5?

本文主要是以DEFORMTM有限元素软体模拟U型钢片连续道次成型与单一道次成型以确认单一道次模拟的是否可取代连续道次模拟之研究。因DEFORMTM 软体对於网格元素上的限制故使用较短素材120mm通过所有的成型站以模拟工厂实际连续成形方法。辊轮间隙固定为0 3mm;辊轮转速为20 rad/sec;弯曲角度的方法为将成型角度平均除以成型站数。有三种辊轮成型方式被选择分别为6站,9站,与12站。在模拟的过程中有两种现象会产生 Case A,素材通过单一成型站。Case B,素材会通过两个成型站。因为在模拟过程中素材的两端会有拉应力与扭力。Case B的模拟比Case A像实际的制程,并计算应力与应变在U型断面的Tip部中可发现Case A比Case B低约15%。从Case B的每站的结果可以得知,12站的成型应力最小,9站次之,6站最后。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面:(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD/CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程,在分析工艺设计过程的基础上,提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法,并探讨了该方法的应用前景;(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法,在成组技术的基础上,开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统,并在提取零件特征的基础上,定义了零件特征的数据模型,开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统;(3)研究了基于特征的CAD/CAPP集成的方法,通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构,开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序,为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息;(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法,将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中,开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统,在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺;(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构,通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图,并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案,初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题;(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题,提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法,并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究;(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题,利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题,实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率;(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作,为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

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