查询词典 process cost

The Frechet derivative of the cost function is determined via the solution of an adjoint partial differential equation, and the boundary shape is then modified in a direction of descent. This process is repeated until an optimum solution is approached. The advantage is that the cost function variation is independent of the flow field variation, with the result that the gradient of cost function with respect to arbitrary number of design variables can be determined without the need for additional flow-field evaluations. So each design cycle requires the numerical solution of both the flow and the adjoint equations leading to a computational cost roughly equal to the cost of two flow solutions.

虽然他们的研究成果大多数都可以在公开性文献上看到，但是其中一些具体的细节问题的处理方法却没有透露，比如：伴随方程如何离散求解才能减小最终梯度计算中的误差，使得设计过程有效地进行；伴随方程与流动方程的边界条件是不同的，如何合理地处理伴随方程的边界条件，才能推动设计过程朝着设计目标而发展；在减阻问题中目标函数如何定义，求解梯度的具体数学公式如何推导，如何通过数值方法来实现它们等。

For KISC, the technology shall firstly use high-phosphorus ironstone efficiently which can not completed by the current picking technology or blast furnace process, to greatly reduce ironstone cost that occupies the most proportion of iron and steel production cost, easy cost pressure caused by international and domestic shortage of production materials, induce transportation risk, to assuringly supply KISC with a great deal of cheap raw materials and create great economic profit; Secondly it shall promote KISC to update its products, especially high-added-value products of lowest phosphorus and lowest sulfur, to enhance its ability to adapt market and gain profit; Thirdly it shall improve technical and economic indexes of blast furnace and converter, and be helpful for efficient blast smelting and less-slag melting of converter process; Furthermore the technology shall greatly promote the stable operation of melting process and the control of the production of high-temperature and high-quality casting blank, to realize efficient continuous casting and continuous casting and rolling to improve KISCs production intensification; Finally the technology shall distribute melting functions and optimize production processes, to improve the auto-control of melting and continuous casting, to realize the integrated management of technology, equipment, production organization and management, logistic management, and production running of smelting, continuous casting and rolling.

对昆钢而言，该技术的应用，首先可以经济有效地实现现有采选技术及高炉冶炼所不能完成的高磷铁矿石的利用，大幅度降低在钢铁生产中占绝大比例的原料成本，缓解国际国内生产原料紧张而造成的成本压力，为昆钢创造巨大的经济效益；其次可以促进昆钢产品的升级换代特别是高附加值超低磷、超低硫钢种的开发，增强昆钢的市场适应能力和效益创造能力；再次可促进高炉及转炉技术经济指标的改善，降低生产成本，且利于转炉生产实现高效吹炼和少渣冶炼；此外，该工艺能显著提高冶炼环节的平稳顺行及高温、高质量铸坯生产的可控程度，可实现高效连铸和连铸连轧生产，提高昆钢生产的集约化程度；最后，该工艺能实现冶炼功能的分工和生产流程的优化，可提高昆钢炼钢与连铸生产的计算机自动控制程度，有效促进炼钢—连铸—轧钢的工艺、设备、生产组织和管理、物流管理、生产操作等环节的一体化管理的实现。

The capital cost of capital refers to each kind of expense which occurs in the fund raising process, like payment and so on outstanding share, bond release handling charges, sell on consignment the expense, the printing expense, the property appraisal expense, the certification fee, the announcement to spend and so on, the capital use cost refer to each kind of expense which in the use capital process pays, like the bond interest, the stock dividend, the bank loan interest and so on, the capital collection the cost usually is when the fund raising the disposable occurrence, the achievement plans the capital amount to reduce the item to deduct.

资本发行成本是指在筹资过程中发生的各种费用，如发行股票、债券等支付的发行手续费、承销费、印刷费、资产评估费、公证费、公告费等，资本使用成本是指使用资本过程中支付的各种费用，如债券的利息、股票的股利、银行贷款利息等，资本筹集成本通常是在筹资时一次性发生，作为筹资额的减项予以扣除。

The capital cost of capital refers to each kind of expense which occurs in the fund raising process, like payment and so on outstanding share, bond release handling charges, sell on consignment the expense, the printing expense, the property appraisal expense, the certification fee, the announcement to spend and so on, the capital use cost refer to each kind of e XP ense which in the use capital process pays, like the bond interest, the stock dividend, the bank loan interest and so on, the capital collection the cost usually is when the fund raising the disposable occurrence, the ach ie vement plans the capital amount to reduce the item to deduct.

资本发行成本是指在筹资过程中发生的各种费用，如发行股票、债券等支付的发行手续费、承销费、印刷费、资产评估费、公证费、公告费等，资本使用成本是指使用资本过程中支付的各种费用，如债券的利息、股票的股利、银行贷款利息等，资本筹集成本通常是在筹资时一次性发生，作为筹资额的减项予以扣除。

This article analyses the main process of quoting at hydropower project,claims the problems should be paid attention to,and concludes the requirements for a budgeteer,on the basic of the ingredients of total,which is the sum of all the products of quantity and rate consisted by labor cost,material cost,machine cost,other direct cost,indirect cost,profit and tax.

分析了水利水电工程投标报价的主要步骤，提出了报价中应注意的问题，总结了做好报价工作的要求。

Acceptance Criteria Activity Duration Estimation; Activity Definition; Activity Sequencing; Addenda Approved budget Arbitration Award of Contract ; Award Criteria Audits Balanced Matrix; Baseline Bill of Quantities Brainstorming Characteristic Checklists civil engineering civil building Claims Clarify Closing Communication Management Communications Planning Communications Skills Communication channels or paths Completion Computer-based Concrete structure Conditions of Contract Conflict Management Contract Management Contract administration Change Control Contract Closure Contract file Contract agreement; Contractual obligations Contractor Contractor's Representative Construction Management Planning Contract Price Control Chart Cost Estimating; Cost of Quality Cost Control Cost Budgeting Cost Management Co-operation Failure costs Critical Path Feedback Fixed-price Fossils Force Majeure Daywork Functional Organization Decision; Fundamental Tenets Decision Tree Defects Liability Definitions Delphi technique General Rules Deliverables General Provisions Deviation; Generation Direct Costs Discounted cash flow; Dissemination Highway engineering; Discharge Human Resource Management; Disputes Human Resource Planning Drawings Hydraulic engineering; Hydroelectric engineering; Employer's Taking Over Identity Certificate Evaluation of Tenders Initiating Process Group; Executing Process Group Instructions to Tenderers Industrial building Investment payback analysis; Ineffective Individual and team performance Information Distribution Negotiation Indirect Costs Nominated Subcontractors Incentive bonus Information Technology Interpretation; Insurance Observation Inspections Off-site Online On-the-job training Opening of Tender

验收标准活动时间的估计；活动的定义；活动序列分析；增编核定预算仲裁授予合同；授标标准审计平衡矩阵；基线工程量清单集思广益特性清单土木工程民用建筑索赔澄清闭幕通信管理通信规划沟通技巧沟通渠道或路径完成以计算机为基础的混凝土结构合同条件冲突管理合同管理合同管理变更控制合同结束合同文件合同协议；合同义务承包承包商的代表规划建设管理合同价格控制图成本估算；质量成本成本控制成本预算成本管理合作失败成本关键路径反馈固定价格化石不可抗力计日工职能组织决定；基本原理决策树缺陷责任定义德尔福技术的一般规则交付的一般规定偏差；代直接费用贴现现金流量；传播公路工程；放电的人力资源管理；争端的人力资源规划图纸水利工程；水电工程；雇主接管身份证书评标启动过程组；执行过程组指示的投标工业建设投资回报分析；无效个人和团队的业绩信息分配谈判指定分包商的间接费用激励奖金信息技术解释；保险观察视察场外在线在职培训开幕投标

Methods: The two methods of nonsolvent process and solvent process were adopted to prepare oxamyl. Oxamyl was prepared in water in the first one and in acetone in the second. By the comparisons of productive cost, production purity, operation safety and equipment cost, a proper process for preparation oxamyl was adopted.

制取杀线威有两种不同方法，即非溶剂法和溶剂法，前者采用水为反应介质，后者采用丙酮为反应介质，从产品制造成本，产品纯度，操作环境的安全性以及生产设备投资等方面进行比较，确定可行的合成方法。

The ore-dressing production process is a complex industry process, and cost control deals with many technique indices, so the cost control of ore- dressing production process is difficult to be implemented by the routine approaches.

目前国内许多选矿企业的主要产品价格已与国际市场价格接近，如何降低生产成本，提高市场竞争力，这是关系到选矿企业兴衰的重大问题。

There are some main conclusions of the article. 1.Enterprise inclines to decision-making according to its profit, so constituting and anglicizing green institutions from the view of enterprise will advantage their microcosmic base, then can improve their adaptive abilities and green effects. 2.Government has powers and some potential advantages, but it inheres of some defects, so it should not become the principle parter but the urger, waiter and superintendent of the green transition process. 3.According to social cost and the situation of the social environment, we should adopt a gradual transition stratagem on the whole in the process. 4.We can classify the enterprise green transition into three kinds by the dominant factor in the push-drag-model, push-dominant mode, drag-dominant mode and friction-tight state. Different green policies should giveto different transition mode in odor to getting a good green effect. 5.The costs of enterprise have three levels by the point of view of sustainable development, apparent cost in generation, dormant cost in generation and intergenerational cost. The priority of green system should adjust to the level to which the benefits of the enterprise amount.

本文得出的主要结论有：1、企业具有相机决策的倾向，从企业的角度分析和制定绿色制度可以使政策具有较强的微观基础，进而可以提高它的适应性和绿色效果。2、政府具有暴力潜能，也具有固有的不足，在绿色制度变迁的过程中应该且只能是倡导者、服务者、监督与维护者，而不是主体参与者。3、综合考虑社会成本与社会环境，渐进式的总体推进模式是我国目前较为现实的选择。4、本文建立了企业绿色变迁推拉模型，并根据促使企业绿色转变的主导因素的不同，将企业绿色变迁的模式分为拉力主导型、推力主导型与摩擦状态三种类型，不同的类型应采取不同的绿色政策才能收到良好的绿色效果。5、从可持续发展的角度可以将企业的生产成本分为代内隐性成本、代内显性成本和代际成本三个层次，对于收益处于不同层次的企业，绿色制度的侧重点应有所不同。6、根据企业与政府在绿色制度变迁过程中所起的作用的不同可以将绿色制度变迁分为强制供给型、政府导向型、需求诱导型三种模式。

This thesis dedicated to research the investment control of BT project, researched the risk in the program construction, the compose portion and the factors effecting the investment. The research includes the conception and the character of the BT project; the actualize process and the questions should be pay attention to; the conditions of BT contract and the sector of the compose poison of the contract price. In this part researched the conception of the BT purchase price and concluded that the relation between the purchase price and the investment. Then studied the risk factors that effect the investment according to the character of the project and then brought forward several advices of the contract item about how to share the risk. Studied compose sector and it's calculatingly methods of the construction cost which is the main part of the investment, then studied how to control the cost during the construct process and analyzed project variations as well as how control that. In the end, researched the capital cost of BT program, the main content include the concept of the capital cost, the calculatingly methods using the engineering economic method, the method writer suggest in the thesis according to the project practice, how to control the capital cost, mainly through setting up an account and inspecting it, and regulating the program financing rate in reason.

本论文的研究重点即BT项目的投资控制，围绕该问题，本论文的主要研究内容有，从BT模式和BT项目的基本分析开始，研究了BT模式的基本概念、BT项目的运作过程、基本特征；研究了BT项目的合同条件和合同价款，该部分分析了BT项目的合同结构、BT项目的承发包工作范围、BT项目的回购价款组成和确定；根据项目建设特征分析了影响BT项目投资的风险因素，并且提出了在对风险进行分配和分担类合同条款制定时建议；建设工程费用是构成BT投资的主体费用，本文对其各组成部分的基本构成、计算方式进行了分析，研究了实施过程中管理控制和工程变更及变更控制的问题；文章的最后对构成BT项目投资的资金成本进行了探讨，分析了资金成本的概念和形成，运用工程经济学的基本理论分析了资金成本各部分的基本计算方式，依据现有的工程实践情况提出了本文建议的计算方式，最后分析了如何对资金成本进行控制――主要通过设立资金账户对其进行监管以及对项目融资的利率进行合理规定。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了