查询词典 process cost

As an asymptotic institutional transition, its advantage includes that it can avoid big mistake and promote reversibility of the reform process, be able to realize self-enhance and self diffuseness of reform, and the successful experience can be used to reduce the cost of learning and adopting during reform.

作为一种渐进式的制度变迁，其优点是可以避免大的失误，增强改革过程的可逆性；能够实现改革的自我加强和自我扩散；成功的经验可以降低改革中的学习和适应成本。

In this paper, the concept of network security and security structures of OSI and Internet is introduced, and various threats confronting the computer network are also discussed. Several kinds of network information security technologies, including firewall technology, virtual private network, intrusion detection system, data encryption technology, identity authentication and security protocol etc. are also examined. The security of internal network is the biggest problem in the construction of each network. The solution to this problem lies in setting up a firewall. The theory of a firewall and the approach to its actualization is studied. Intrusion detection system, an important part of the computer network security system, has gained extensive attention. IDS monitors the computer and network traffic for intrusion and suspicious activities. It not only detects the intrusion from the extranet hacker, but also the intranet users. The emergence of virtual private network paves the way for realizing secure connection of LAN quickly and at a relatively low cost. The concept, function, key techniques, including the tunnel technology, and the ways to realize VPN are expounded in this paper. Also introduced is the data encrypt network technology, which is called the soul of computer network security, such as digital digest, digital signature, digital certificate, digital encrypt arithmetic and so on. At the same time, the principle and the process of implementing network security by digital certificate and digital signature, the basic principle and characters of security protocols, and finally, three of the security protocols, concerning the security problems in network, IPsec, SLL and SET are analyzed in detail Computer network system should be a system of dynamic defence, both dynamic and static, passive as well as active, and even offensive, combined with management and technology.

本文系统地介绍了网络安全的概念、OSI及Internet的安全体系结构，并讨论了计算机网络面临的各种安全威胁；内部网络的安全问题是每个建网单位面临的最大问题，可以认为防火墙技术是解决网络安全的一个主要手段，本文研究了防火墙的原理及其实现手段；作为一种主动的防御措施，入侵检测系统作为网络系统安全的重要组成部分，得到了广泛的重视，TDS对计算机和网络资源上的恶意使用行为进行识别和响应，不仅检测来自外部的入侵行为，也监督内部用户的未授权活动；虚拟专用网技术的出现，为实现网络间的连接提供了快速安全但又相对便宜的手段，本文较深入的探讨了实现VPN的隧道技术，并对VPN的概念、功能、实现途径、基本构成、关键技术及发展前景等问题进行了全面论述；数据加密技术是网络安全核心技术之一，本文从数据加密算法、数字摘要、数字签名及数字证书等几方面简要介绍了数据加密技术，并分析用数字证书和数字签名实现网络安全的原理和过程；对安全协议的基本原理、主要特点进行了较为深入的研究，并就网络的安全性问题剖析了三种安全协议：IPsec协议、SLL协议和SET协议。

The development of yeast engineering strain with direct decomposition capability could simplify technical process, save energy and zymin, and reduce production cost, which was of important application foreground.

构建直接分解和利用淀粉的酵母工程菌，可简化工艺、节省能源和酶制剂、降低成本，有重要的应用前景。

This traditional building method has many shortcomings: dissever factitiously some process and nobody is responsible for connection sections, many works distributed by different departments lose managing and controlling, and many overhead costs become virtual un-control cost; Confirming the overall budget management emphases through lifecycle method, it"s unfit for enterprise group which deals in different fields, because these deals in different fields can effect each other, and make it"s hard to distinguish the enterprise groups lifecycle.

这种传统的构建方法有许多不足之处，如：将一些作业或流程人为地割裂开来，使得它们的接口部位无人负责，众多分布于不同部门却相互联系的作业因此失去管理和控制，与此相关的众多原本可控的间接成本因此而成为事实上的不可控成本；通过生命周期法确定企业预算管理的重点，对于多元化经营的企业集团，由于各个产业之间的互动关系，往往有生命周期淡化的特点，这种方法就显得不是十分适宜。

The complex production process and diversiform production category makes the cost management difficult.

生产过程的复杂性以及产品种类的多样性使得成本管理工作难度加大。

The details are as following.The three necessary conditions for clustering are technical divisibility of production process, rich opportunity of product differentiation and low transportation cost.

本项目得到的一些重要学术成果包括：集群产生的三个必要条件是产品的技术可分性、存在丰富的产品差异化机会以及低运输成本。

The paper discusses the creation conditions and formation mechanism of enterprise clusters in detail. The three necessary conditions for clustering are technical divisibility of production process, rich opportunity of product differentiation and low transportation cost.

本文详细讨论了企业集群产生的供给条件、需求条件和社会历史条件，网络效应在企业集群形成过程中起着关键作用，地方公共产品的有效供给是集群形成和发展的重要条件。

Different distribution of power affects the performance of the internal control. Institution regulates the means to manage the labor, finance and matter so as to restrict the leaders over-use the power and ensure the enterprise in the right direction. Both power and institution have the character of rigidity. If the leader only paid attention to these two levels, the organization would appear the situation full of tediousness and rigidity. Therefore, in the process of development, the Non-state-run enterprise forms another character: flexible management. Through the flexible means, the Non-state-run enterprise avoid the tendency of doctrinairism and reduce the cost of rigidity, which ensures the validity of internal control.

权力决定了领导者与被领导者的等级关系，形成控制主体与控制对象之间的支配与被支配格局，不同的权力分配模式影响着内控制度贯彻执行的效果；制度以规范管理为目标，规定企业关于人、事、财、物等的管理原则、作业程序和控制办法，是制约独断专行、引导企业步入正轨的法则，制度的完善及有效与否关系到民营企业的成败；权力和制度具有高文本性特征，难免被生搬硬套，造成刚性管理，出现控制过严过死的情况，束缚了员工积极性和创造性的发挥，导致组织僵化和效率损失，因此民营企业在发展过程中伴随着另外一大特点，就是柔性管理，通过灵活变通的方法，避免了教条主义管理倾向，化解集权和制度的刚性成本，运用多种柔性化的管理方式向无为而治的内控最高境界迈进。

There are a few others (suing the bank, bringing various complaints to regulatory agencies, etc.), but they involve much more cost and legal involvement and may not end up stopping the foreclosure process in the end.

有几个人（起诉银行，使各方面的投诉向监管机构等），但它涉及更多的成本和法律，不得参与，最终停止抵押品赎回权的过程中结束。

D. You are using inputs of the Cost Estimating process.

D。 你正在使用成本估算流程的信息。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了