查询词典 problems

This paper presents a method to embed the original problem into separable parametric optimization problems and proves that the optimal solutions of the original problems are in the set of solutions of separable parametric optimization problems.

本文把原问题嵌入到可分的参数规划问题中，并证明了原问题的最优解包含在可分的参数规划问题的最优解集中。然后从最优解集中挑出原问题的最优解。

The first part: The author summarized the problems of evaluation from five points of view---the aims of evaluation, the problems of perfunctoriness in evaluation, the corruption in evaluation and the evaluation conclusion, and pointed out the dangerous result from these, we hope that government and the department of educational administration could pay close attention to these problems.

第一部分：对评估中存在的问题，从评估的目标定位、评估中的应付、腐败和权力寻租现象以及评估的结论五个角度进行概括总结，并指出因此而造成的危害，希望能引起国家和教育管理部门的关注。

Although the main length of the thesis makes an elaborate dissection of the specific expression problems , it does not attend to each and every aspect like bookkeeping account, but emphasizes on the important analysis of the creative parts of the works, such as the language combination problems of the three forms of plot of a play , record and experiment, the theme selection problem of the creation, and narrative pattern of the works, the basic theory problem related to the thesis is the analysis of the theory problem closely related to creation practice, and make more specific elaboration concerning with how to grasp these theory problems in the graduation creation, such as problem of the relationship between how to grasp the theme idea of the works and humanity in the author's graduation creation "April 20th,2008".

论文所涉及到的基本理论问题，是对与创作实践紧密相关的理论问题做以分析，并就如何在毕业创作中把握这些基本理论问题做了更为具体的阐述，如我在毕业作品《2008年4月20日》中是如何把握作品的主题思想与人性揭示之间的关系问题。

Firstly, urban space's development course and actuality of space's patterns are reviewed contrastly in the paper abroad and home. Then, existing problems of urban space at present in our country are discussed stressly:"Ten Faulty Expressions in Writing" of urban construction;"the Movement of Beautifying City" in china; the problem of urban characteristic; the problem of reforming of old city; the problem of residential segregation. The above problems' formed reasons and countermeasures are put forward. Then, the example of Xi'an and its existing problems of urban space and several countermeasures are analyzed in the paper. The transformation of three sections realized in the planning thought of urban space is put forward: from "elitism" to "plebeianism"; from mega-urban project design to "daily living space" and from "technology first" to "human-oriented".

论文首先从中西方城市空间形态的演变历程入手，对比分析了国内外的空间形态现状，重点论述了当前我国存在的城市空间问题：城市建设"十大败笔"；中国"城市美化"运动；城市特色问题；旧城改造问题以及空间分异问题，分析了其形成原因并得出了解决途径，然后对西安进行了实例分析，总结出其城市空间存在问题并提出几点对策，接下来提出了城市空间规划理念应实现的三个方向的转变：从"精英主义"向"平民主义"理念转变、从大尺度城市设计向"日常生活空间"营造转变以及从"技术至上"向"以人为本"理念转变。

In the first part of this paper, we give some basic concepts of regular Sturm-Liouville problems and some Sturm-Liouville problems with eigenparameter in the boundary conditions and the definition and properties of the Krein space. Using the Krein space, we describe a class of Sturm-Liouville problems with eigenparameter in two boundary conditions and prove that it can generate a self-adjoint operator in Krein space with only point spectrum.

第一部分我们介绍了一些基本概念如正则Sturm-Liouville问题、边界条件含参数的问题、Krein空间等，并利用Krein空间的定义和性质描述了一类参数边界条件的Sturm-Liouville问题，证明它可构造一Krein空间上的自伴算子，并且谱全为点谱。

Zero residual and non-zero residual problems are discussed in different parts in this paper and the algorithm is proven quadratic convergence for zero residual problems and superlinear convergence for non-zero residual problems.

新方法将问题划分为零残量和非零残量来讨论，并证明了算法对零残量问题具有二次收敛性，对非零残量问题具有超线性收敛性。

Dissimilaritily, Chen Duxiu discuss the problems from the practicality and aim at the disadvantage of the period, nevertheless, due to the deficient of the theretical, he frequently stay on the superficial analysis. But Plekhanov commences discussing it from the philosophy rootage problems which possess strong theoretical color, yet ignoring the domestic fact.In Chapter Six, Plekhanov's religious thought is estimated and analyzed. For the needs of the theory and practical fighting, Plekhanov studied and treated the religious problems in detail.

分析普列汉诺夫宗教研究取得较高成就的原因，在于他是一位坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义立场的渊博的思想家，在于他对宗教问题的阐发与论证既是出于深化、扩展唯物史观的需要、更是出于社会实践迫切的需要，在于他研究角度的客观和全面以及注意吸取资产阶级理论家理论中的合理成分。

Singular boundary value problems are considered in many problems, but, people can get better results, using theories of function to study these problems.

然而，在抽象空间中对奇异边值问题的研究，还不是很多，刘衍胜教授在文[4]中做过一些探讨，本文第一章把原文作了一般性推广，并给出了算子全连续的条件，然后利用不动点定理得到了正解的存在性。

With the idea of smoothing Newton method, we propose a new class of smoothing Newton methods for the nonlinear complementarity problem based on a class of special functions. In this paper, complementarity problem is converted into a series of smoothing nonlinear equations and a modified smoothing Newton algorithm is used to solve the equations. We use Newton direction and Gradient direction together in the algorithm which guarantees that our method is globally convergent. Also using another smoothing function, we reformulate the generalized nonlinear complementarity problems defined on a polyhedral cone as a system of smoothing equations and a smooth unconstrained optimization problem. Theoretical results that relate the stationary points of the merit function to the solution of the generalized nonlinear complementarity problems are presented, we use the modified smoothing Newton algorithm in generalized nonlinear complementarity problems, under mild hypothesis, a global convergence is proved.

本文一方面基于现有的各种光滑Newton法的思想和半光滑理论，利用著名的F-B互补函数的光滑形式，首先将互补问题的求解转化为求解一系列光滑的非线性方程组，然后给出了一种修正的光滑Newton法，该方法不仅放宽对函数F的要求，在Newton方程不可解时引入初始效益函数的最速下降方向，而且光滑因子的选择也比较简单可行，同时在适当的条件下，证明了其算法具有全局收敛性；另一方面，借助另一种F-B光滑函数，将多面体锥上的广义互补问题转化为一种光滑形式，讨论了优化问题的稳定点与广义非线性互补问题的解之间的理论关系，并将这种修正的光滑Newton法用于求解广义非线性互补问题中，在适当的条件下，该算法同样具有全局收敛性。

After the formalization of the RMA problems, methods for normalizing the original stochastic decision matrix are proposed. For discrete RMA problems, the concepts of C-type solution and S-type solution are defined, and the inclusion relations between different sets of solution in the same type and between different sets of solution in different types are concluded. For continuous RMA problems, the decision analysis based on Dα-dominance relation is illustrated.

在对风险型多属性决策问题进行形式化描述之后，按照离散和连续两种情况，分别给出了风险型多属性决策属性数据的预处理方法；对离散风险型多属性决策问题，定义了C-类解和S-类解，并给出了各类解集之间的包含关系；对连续风险型多属性决策问题，给出了基于Dα优势关系的分析方法。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。