查询词典 problems

In the first part of this paper, we give some basic concepts of regular Sturm-Liouville problems and some Sturm-Liouville problems with eigenparameter in the boundary conditions and the definition and properties of the Krein space. Using the Krein space, we describe a class of Sturm-Liouville problems with eigenparameter in two boundary conditions and prove that it can generate a self-adjoint operator in Krein space with only point spectrum.

第一部分我们介绍了一些基本概念如正则Sturm-Liouville问题、边界条件含参数的问题、Krein空间等，并利用Krein空间的定义和性质描述了一类参数边界条件的Sturm-Liouville问题，证明它可构造一Krein空间上的自伴算子，并且谱全为点谱。

Zero residual and non-zero residual problems are discussed in different parts in this paper and the algorithm is proven quadratic convergence for zero residual problems and superlinear convergence for non-zero residual problems.

新方法将问题划分为零残量和非零残量来讨论，并证明了算法对零残量问题具有二次收敛性，对非零残量问题具有超线性收敛性。

Dissimilaritily, Chen Duxiu discuss the problems from the practicality and aim at the disadvantage of the period, nevertheless, due to the deficient of the theretical, he frequently stay on the superficial analysis. But Plekhanov commences discussing it from the philosophy rootage problems which possess strong theoretical color, yet ignoring the domestic fact.In Chapter Six, Plekhanov's religious thought is estimated and analyzed. For the needs of the theory and practical fighting, Plekhanov studied and treated the religious problems in detail.

分析普列汉诺夫宗教研究取得较高成就的原因，在于他是一位坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义立场的渊博的思想家，在于他对宗教问题的阐发与论证既是出于深化、扩展唯物史观的需要、更是出于社会实践迫切的需要，在于他研究角度的客观和全面以及注意吸取资产阶级理论家理论中的合理成分。

Singular boundary value problems are considered in many problems, but, people can get better results, using theories of function to study these problems.

然而，在抽象空间中对奇异边值问题的研究，还不是很多，刘衍胜教授在文[4]中做过一些探讨，本文第一章把原文作了一般性推广，并给出了算子全连续的条件，然后利用不动点定理得到了正解的存在性。

With the idea of smoothing Newton method, we propose a new class of smoothing Newton methods for the nonlinear complementarity problem based on a class of special functions. In this paper, complementarity problem is converted into a series of smoothing nonlinear equations and a modified smoothing Newton algorithm is used to solve the equations. We use Newton direction and Gradient direction together in the algorithm which guarantees that our method is globally convergent. Also using another smoothing function, we reformulate the generalized nonlinear complementarity problems defined on a polyhedral cone as a system of smoothing equations and a smooth unconstrained optimization problem. Theoretical results that relate the stationary points of the merit function to the solution of the generalized nonlinear complementarity problems are presented, we use the modified smoothing Newton algorithm in generalized nonlinear complementarity problems, under mild hypothesis, a global convergence is proved.

本文一方面基于现有的各种光滑Newton法的思想和半光滑理论，利用著名的F-B互补函数的光滑形式，首先将互补问题的求解转化为求解一系列光滑的非线性方程组，然后给出了一种修正的光滑Newton法，该方法不仅放宽对函数F的要求，在Newton方程不可解时引入初始效益函数的最速下降方向，而且光滑因子的选择也比较简单可行，同时在适当的条件下，证明了其算法具有全局收敛性；另一方面，借助另一种F-B光滑函数，将多面体锥上的广义互补问题转化为一种光滑形式，讨论了优化问题的稳定点与广义非线性互补问题的解之间的理论关系，并将这种修正的光滑Newton法用于求解广义非线性互补问题中，在适当的条件下，该算法同样具有全局收敛性。

After the formalization of the RMA problems, methods for normalizing the original stochastic decision matrix are proposed. For discrete RMA problems, the concepts of C-type solution and S-type solution are defined, and the inclusion relations between different sets of solution in the same type and between different sets of solution in different types are concluded. For continuous RMA problems, the decision analysis based on Dα-dominance relation is illustrated.

在对风险型多属性决策问题进行形式化描述之后，按照离散和连续两种情况，分别给出了风险型多属性决策属性数据的预处理方法；对离散风险型多属性决策问题，定义了C-类解和S-类解，并给出了各类解集之间的包含关系；对连续风险型多属性决策问题，给出了基于Dα优势关系的分析方法。

Although problems and limitations remain, management science has developed as an effective means for solving tedious but limited problems. Algorithms, or exact procedures for optimum solutions, have been developed for problems that are well defined or repetitious, and where a universal unidimensional cardinal scale utility, such as money, can reasonably be used as a measure of the desired outcome.

虽然一直存在着缺陷和问题，但是科学管理已经发展成为解决复杂问题的很好方法，种算法，或者是一种最优选择的方法，已经发展为解决问题的一种很好的界定或者反复的工作模式，是一种单一维度和协和效用尺度，例如金钱就可以经常用来衡量产出。

Based upon such an expected aim, this thesis, using the form of commentary history of literature, has rather deeply discussed in the 20th century China's realism literature initiating problems situations, its beginning motives and actual development orientation, the problem of multiplication and univalence as one of the inner forming elements, the relationship between literature types and social cognition, problems concerning realism literature and modern China's internal anxiety, by focusing on problems such as"from Liang Qichao to Hu Shi,""Young Mao Dun's Upholding in Literature","Around Modern ","Lu Xun and the New Paradigms in Chinese Literature","Lao She's Style and His Concept about China", and"Hu Feng and Modern China's Subjective Anxiety", etc.

基于此一预期目的，本论文采用史论形式，以问题为中心选择了"从梁启超到胡适"、"青年茅盾的文学主张"、"在《现代》周围"、"鲁迅与中国文学的新范式"、"老舍的文体和他的中国观"及"胡风与现代中国的主体焦虑"等专题，较为深入地探讨了现实主义文学在20世纪中国兴起的问题情境、它的初始动机和实际发展路向、作为其内在构成要素之一的多样性与单一化问题、文学型式与社会认知之间的关系、现实主义文学与现代中国的内在焦虑等问题。

However, numerical modeling for nonlinear seismic waves is faced with problems such as steep gradients, shocks and unphysical oscillations. Accordingly, some special treatments have been presented to solve these problems. However, in our knowledge, there is no effective method to overcome these problems by far.

非线性弹性波的数值模拟存在陡峭间断面、数值振荡以及误差的指数级增长等现象而破坏数值解的稳定性、收敛性，能否消减上述现象的不利影响成为制约数值方法有效与否的重要因素。

It is analysed to the development of the outdoor sport at present and the trend of the outdoor sport in the future,and it is presented by the situation of the sport club in china the person of taking part in the outdoor sport the contest of outdoor sport in china and other countries and the development at present and the trend in the future.in the second part .Problems and resons existed in the outdoor sport in china are analysed ,and the main problems of the weak secure guarantee,the unruled management and regulation.,the weak quality and the lack technic of the outdoor sport goods are summarized. The main reasons of existing those problems are the weaker popularization and spreading and the inadequate professional people in the second part second part which is a road of the whole pasage.

在第二章重点分析了我国户外运动当今的现状与未来的发展趋势，主要从我国户外俱乐部目前的状况、参与户外运动人员与国内户外赛事开展的情况，以及其发展趋势等方面进行论述，在本章第二节中又对我国户外运动现存的问题与原因进行了分析，总结出目前我国户外运动的主要问题有安全保障较差、国内俱乐部组织管理不规范、户外用品质量与高科技含量不高等，而出现这些问题的主要原因是由于普及与推广力度不够、缺乏专业的户外运动人才等方面造成的。

The production moved off-Broadway to New York City, where she won the Joseph E. Calloway award for her performance, and was profiled in American Theater Magazine as one of ten young theater artists to watch.

生产提出过百老汇的新的纽约市，在那里她赢得了约瑟夫calloway奖，她的表现，并于异型在美国的战区杂志之一， 10战区的青年艺术家观赏。

It's a risk tradeoff, and I believe that adding test support code usually wins.

这是一个风险的权衡，我相信添加测试代码通常会占上风。