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Meshless method is a new numerical method on problem for determining solution of partial differential equation. It is an approximation method based on nodes, and doesn't need a mesh entirely or partly. Then the discontinuous problems, the extremely large deformations problems, and movable boundary problems, etc, can be solved by use to meshless without the re-meshing techniques. And not only the calculated precision can be guaranteed, but also the calculated difficulty can be decreased.

无网格方法是求解微分方程定解问题的一种新的数值方法，它采用基于点的近似，可以彻底或部分地消除网格，因此在处理不连续、大变形、移动边界等问题时可以完全抛开网格重构，不仅可以保证计算的精度，而且可以减少计算难度。

These problems in reality can be classifies into two major categories: transport bilevel programming problems with deterministic user equilibrium constraints and transport bilevel programming problems with stochastic user equilibrium constrain...

此文首先从模型和算法的角度总结了有关这类问题已有的研究成果，接着介绍有关这方面的最新的研究进展，即如何把用户基于平衡原则下的交通网络优化问题的双层规划模型统一地转换为一个连续可微的单层最优化问题，并设计统一的算法。

These problems in reality can be classifies into two major categories: transport bilevel programming problems with deterministic user equilibrium constraints and transport bilevel programming problems with stochastic user equilibrium constraints.

这些问题大致上可以分为二大类：一类是涉及到确定性用户平衡原则；另一类是考虑随机性用户平衡原则。

Meanwhile, there arise some problems, including short of fund, difficulty in diffluence of employees, rigidity in thinking, problems with market-oriented products, fetter of theories, limitations of system, and potential problems caused by leadership ' s involving in contracting and nude purchase.

其中产生了一些较好的做法，如以技术要素、经营者才能和职务参股配股，职工购股置换身份，采用托管方式防止兼并可能的问题，打破狭隘地区观念引入外来大企业，收购方和被收购方优势互补，改制分步进行，向全国公开选聘管理人员等。

Based on these, the method for analysing the thermal-mechanical problems during the film depositon is proposed, and some mechanical problems are studied which include the asympototic analysis of the stress and deformation in a nonhomogeneous material layer on a substrate and the weight function method for interface crack problems as well as the mechanics of an interface toughening induced by the dilatant transformation.

本文对这些方面的研究及其成果进行了较全面的评述，并在考察了一个薄膜-基底系统（等离子喷涂ZrO〓陶瓷涂层的工艺研究）的生产研究的全过程的基础上，对薄膜沉积过程中的热-力学分析方法和包括表面异质层中应力变形的渐近分析方法、界面裂纹问题中的权函数方法、相变引起的界面增韧的力学分析方法等在内的一些薄膜-界面-基底系统的力学问题进行了研究。

Accordingly, it is very important to investigate the problems of honesty and credit in the human resource market.This thesis aims at investigating the discreditable problems in the human resource market, anatomizing the nature and causes of this appearance, exploring the solutions for such problems, and helping our society buildup a canonical and healthy human resource market.

本文即以新时期人才市场诚信问题为研究对象，系统地研究了人才市场中存在的各种失信问题，并对造成这些问题的原因进行了多方面、深层次的剖析，旨在探索解决人才市场诚信问题的方法与策略，以期为我国建立规范、健全的人才市场提供有益的参考。

This paper is devoted to solving linear saddle point problems, Specifically, We consider nonsymmetric systems, written as usual in block form, where the upper left block is an invertible linear operator with positive definite symmetric part. Such saddle point problems arise, for example, in certain finite element and finite difference discretizations of NavierStokes equations, Oseen equations, and mixed finite element discretization of second order convection-diffusion problems.

中文题名求解鞍点问题的迭代方法副题名外文题名论文作者冯丽红导师曹志浩教授学科专业计算数学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位复旦大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数87页关键词鞍点问题迭代方法网格离散线性方程组馆藏号BSLW /2003 /O241 /15 论文针对鞍点问题的求解分析了一些典型的快速算法。

The algorithm use our proposed heuristic to do output grouping for complex problems, and thus the equivalence checking problem can be converted into some circuit SAT problems, circuit SAT solver was used to solve these sub-problems.

对那些具有较多输出的复杂电路，为共享结构信息从而提高验证速度，使用输出分组技术将那些共享较多内部结点的输出转化为一个子问题，从而验证问题可转化为一系列验证子问题。

Finally, the perturbation problems for the mixed variational-like inequalities problems are discussed, and the existence and uniqueness theorem of the solutions for the perturbation problems is also proved.

最后，讨论了混合似变分不等式问题的扰动问题，并证明了扰动问题的解的存在唯一性定理。

This article shows how a space problems was seperated into two coplanar problems, how both problems of plane grillage and plane frame were calculated, and how they were summed up.

本文阐述如何把空间问题简化为二个平面问题，利用平面板架和平面刚架的程序进行计算，然后叠加，以此来进行强度校核和刚度分析。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。