查询词典 problem of contact

Through field measurement for the contact pressure of box foundation with Ⅰ shaped plane of a high rise building on cobble subsoil, the distribution law of the contact pressure has been diagrammed. At the same time, the contact pressure has been calculated with finite compression layer model, which is well accordant with the measured result. The relative error of average value for the measured to the calculated contact pressure is 6.9%. This shows that the numerical calculation is right.

通过对西南交通大学某教学楼箱形基础基底反力的实测结果，得出了&Ⅰ&形平面箱基置于密实卵石层上的基底反力分布规律，又用有限压缩层地基模型对该箱基反力进行了计算，结果表明：实测反力与计算反力分布规律一致，实测反力平均值与计算反力平均值相对误差为6.9％，也说明此法计算箱基反力是可行的。

The contact fatigue strength was measured after the 20CrNi2Mo and 15CrNi6 steel used asdragging gear on quasi high speed locomotive was carburized and quenched as well as peened,com-pared with that of 20CrMnMo steel.The results shown that the contact fatigue strength limits of thesethree types of steel carburized and quenched essentially same,and the contact fatigue strength Iimit hasbeen increased by 5 porcent after peening,and that the failure appoarances of all contact fatiguespecimen were delamination ...

对20CRrNi2Mo、15CrNi6及20CrMnMo渗碳淬火齿轮及15CrNi6渗碳淬火＋喷丸处理齿轮进行了弯曲疲劳试验，介绍了齿轮试件的设计与加工、试验装置与夹具、试验方法及试验数据的统计处理，试验结果表明，20CrNi2Mo和15CrNi6渗碳淬火齿轮在R＝0.99时的σFlim分别为530MPa和375MPa，与20CrMnMo渗碳淬火齿轮相比，弯曲疲劳强度分别提高80％和27％。15CrNi6经渗碳淬火＋喷丸处理齿轮在R＝0.99时的σFlim为490MPa，比未喷丸处理者提高30％。

The computation model of two-point contact (for cone-tread) and conformal contact (for worn-tread) resulting from wheel flange close to rail is firstly established in this paper. A detailed analysis is made of the wheel/rail contact force, contact status and wheel/rail stress distribution on the different action of tractive forces and transverse forces. We draw some important conclusions, one of which is that the locomotive adhesion performance will decrease with the increase of transverse forces between wheel and rail.

本文建立了车轮轮缘贴靠钢轨形成的轮轨两点接触和共形接触的计算模型，对不同的牵引力矩、不同的横向力作用下的轮轨接触力、接触状态和轮轨应力分布进行了详细的分析，得出了轮轨间横向力增大会降低机车粘着性能等一系列重要结论。

In order to distinguish these two types of transitions, a state recognition method is introduced. We firstly propose a variable contact set in which the contact points on the robot body are defined to represent the alternation of the contact states logically. Then, by predefining thresholds for the contact forces, the state transition can be well recognized.3 As another research topic, the local tracking control according to the pre-acquired state transition trajectories plays an important role in realizing the non-regular motion for the humanoid robot.

在状态转换识别方法上，本文提出了接触点集合的概念，对接触状态的变化进行逻辑上的表达；再结合接触点集合的变化情况，通过设定接触力阀值来实现对状态转换的识别。3根据给定的状态转换轨迹进行局部的跟踪控制，是本文实现类人机器人非规则运动的另一个重要研究内容。

On the base of the single-diameter laser-scanned measuring technology, a double direction laser-scanned measuring system is presented. Which combinate the laser-scanned measuring technology with special optical system. In the system, the collimation semiconductor laser-scanned beam scanning two perpendiculars direct of one plane of the measured workpiece at the same time is made. The beams with the dimension information of two perpendiculars direct are processed by the scanning receive system, the high-speed photoelectric transition and electronic data process. Two measured results of the diametric directs and ellipse tolerance,etc, parameter, of the turning workpiece on the same plane are obtained by non-contact automatic measurement. The problem of non-contact measurement of two perpendiculars direct of one plane of turning workpiece is settled. It processes many peculiarities, such as high speed, high accuracy and non-contact automatic measurement, etc.

在单向激光扫描检测技术的基础之上，提出了一种双向激光扫描检测系统，其采用激光扫描检测技术与特殊光学系统相结合，用准直半导体激光扫描光束对被测工件径向某一截面的两个相互垂直方向同时扫描，经扫描接收光学系统、高速光电变换、电子学系统和微机数据处理系统，对将携带有垂直方向被测量信息的光束进行处理，实现了回转体工件同一截面两个垂直方向的径向尺寸和椭圆度等参数的非接触自动测量，解决了同时非接触测量回转体零件同一截面两个径向尺寸的难题，它具有高速，高精度和非接触自动测量等特点。

Four-node degenerated shell element and rigid shell element are used in our FEM model.Updated Lagrange formulation and rate form constitutive equation are adopted to solve the problem of large strain and large rotation in sheet forming process.Sheet metal material property is described by plastic anisotropy yielding model and isotropic hardening model.Master surface-slave surface contact model is used to define the contact between tools and blank.Contact constraints are enforced with a kinematic algorithm and friction stress is computed by Coulomb friction law.Dynamic relaxation method is used to treat springback after forming stroke.

四结点蜕化壳单元和刚体壳单元分别用来建立板和模具的有限元模型；更新Lagrange法和速率型本构关系被用来处理板料变形中的大应变和大转动；材料模型采用塑性各向异性屈服与等向强化模型；通过主从面模型定义板料和模具的接触，接触算法采用运动约束法，摩擦力用库仓定律计算；并利用动力松弛法对回弹过程进行了计算。

The analysis of the contact problem in FEM includes two aspects: the checking of contact points and the treatment of contact points with mechanics and kinematics.

有限元分析中的接触问题包括两方面：接触点的检测和已接触点的力学与运动学处理。

Nevertheless, in these aPproaches the contact intethee are charactered sboly edstiffeess K. and K.' which is not PerfeCt and rigorous in thc vitw of solidmechanics and rather rough for the description of the behavior of the iDtfores. Incollbet, taken as a contact Problem, the principal chatrs of the iDtCthees can bereflected: the cbntact inifore is of shear strength Which imPlies tha a genericpair of contact points on the inidse will displace coincidentally if the tangentialfbrce at this POint has not reahed the 1imit resistance, else, relative s1ide betwee the\ points will occur along the tangental direction.

本论文在对这两种方法进行认真的分析后，说明它们对不连续面的描述并不合理，也无法反映出不连续面的主要力学特性，同时指出，将带有不连续面的岩土工程问题作为接触问题计算更为合理，它可将不连续面受力变形的主要特点反映出来，即：(1)接触面具有相应的&抗剪强度&，即当接触面上某一点处的切向应力小于该点处的抵抗强度时，点对共同变形；达到强度时，则沿切向发生相对滑动；(2)在整个变形过程中，发生接触的变形体不能相互侵入。

A novel hybrid algorithm, which combines predictor-corrector primal-dual interior point method and genetic algorithm, is presented for dynamic and static reactive optimization in this dissertation. The algorithm fully make use of the advantage of interior point method in solving successive optimization problem and the advantage of genetic algorithm in solving discrete optimization problem. The original problem is divided into three parts: total successive problem, discrete problem and successive problem.

结合内点法和遗传算法，本文提出了一种新颖的混合算法用于求解动、静态无功优化问题，算法充分利用了内点法易于求解连续优化问题和遗传算法易于求解离散优化问题的优势，将原优化问题分解为初步的连续优化问题、离散变量优化问题、连续变量优化问题这三个子问题分别求解。

After a further analysis based on the empirical results,a trial probe on the cognitiveprocessing mechanism of the problem representation of the word problem in two types of MLDwas made by the author.The MRD performed much poorer than the MLD only in the mostdifficult equation listing of word problem and the medium and most difficult problemrepresentation of word problem,which showed no difference in computation and comprehensionof simple meaning of the problem,but the gap between two types of MLD became wide as afunction of difficulty and cognitive loading.It indicated that the MLD only had some advantage over MRD for they used more cognitive skills to solve the problem.

基于以上实验的结果，对两类数学困难小学生的应用题问题表征的认知机制作如下推断：混合型数学困难学生仅在高难度水平的应用题列式成绩和中高难度水平应用题问题表征水平上比单纯型数学困难学生得分显著低下，表明两类数学困难小学生在计算能力与理解简单题意的能力上并无差异，但随着难度提高，认知负荷加重，两类数学困难学生在应用题解题上的差异得以突显，表明当需要运用更多的认知能力解决问题时，单纯型数学困难学生比混合型困难学生更具优势。

Objective:To explore the feasibility of laparoscopy in diagnosing and treating of abdominal diseases.

目的：探讨腹腔镜用以诊断腹部外科疾病及选择治疗方案的可行性。

The lifetime of nylon 1010 and nylon 1010/POSS composites decreased with increasing temperature.

热重-红外联用分析表明尼龙1010在氮气气氛下的降解产物主要为小分子的低聚物，POSS并不改变尼龙1010降解产物的组成。