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Methods The microstructure and components of the synthesized coatings were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis.

利用X射线衍射仪和电子探针分析仪对涂层进行相分析、组织观察和成分分析。

The influence of waterproof agent on rheological properties of the paper coatings was studied, and the surface structure of the coating layer was analyzed by electron probe microanalysis.

研究了防水剂对涂料流变性能的影响，并对涂层的表面结构进行了电子探针微观分析。

Composition of corrosion residuals was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis,and causes for spot corrosion were discussed and preventive measures were presented.

通过扫描电镜和电子探针显微分析等手段分析了腐蚀斑点的成分，探讨了斑点腐蚀的原因并提出了预防措施。

The worn surfaces were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy, X ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis.

选用 MM- 2 0 0型摩擦磨损试验机测定了不同载荷条件下 WSi2 /Mo Si2 复合材料与 45 #钢配副的干摩擦磨损性能，采用扫描电子显微镜和 X射线衍射仪分析讨论了其磨损机理。

The rubbed surface of t he steel was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis.

用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了脂肪酸修饰TiO2纳米微粒水溶液润滑下GCr15钢的摩擦磨损性能，并用电子探针和X射线光电子能谱研究了钢球磨损表面边界润滑膜的化学组成和元素分布。

The worn surface was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis.

通过与廿二酸和硫化异丁烯的对比研究发现，在廿二酸中引入硫后，氧与硫产生了明显的协同减摩抗磨及承载作用。

To elucidate the relationship between otolith microstructure and microchemistry and the life history events of the grey mullet Mugil cephalus in the early stage, the daily growth increments, growth check, Sr/Ca ratios and trace elements in otoliths of the juvenile mullets collected from the four estuaries from NE to SW Taiwan coast from 1996 to 2004 were examined by using the light and electron microscopes, electron probe microanalyzer and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A transition check was found in otoliths of all mullets.

为了阐明乌鱼耳石微细构造、微化学与其初期生活史事件之关系，本研究於西元1996年至2004年在台湾东北至西南沿岸的四个河口域进行乌鱼稚鱼的采样，然后利用光学及电子显微镜、电子微探仪及雷射熔蚀-感应偶合电浆质谱仪分析稚鱼耳石的日周轮、锶钙比及微量元素组成之变化。

The microstructure and characteristics of them were tested by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microcopy, AC impedance, and four-probe direct current methods.

利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析、交流阻抗、直流四探针法等技术，对材料的结构及性能进行表征。

Metallographic analysis, analysis for fracture surface of scanning electron microcopy photographs, electron-probe analysis,X-ray powder diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscope analysis have been done for the analysis of microstructurs、fracture apperance、structure,and has carried on the preliminary discussion to the toughening Mechanisms.

采用金相分析、扫描断口分析、能谱分析、x射线粉末衍射结构分析、透射电镜分析对合金化以及引入韧性第二相后的TiFe_2合金的显微组织、断口形貌、微观结构进行了分析，并对合金的韧化机制进行了初步的探讨。

Atomic force microcopy, transmission electron microcopy, X-ray diffraction and electron probe are applied to study the microstructure, morphology and chemical composition of the chips, either as-implanted or annealed at different temperatures. It was found that the as-implanted Zn atoms aggregate into clusters scattering about 35 nm beneath the surface of the chips.

利用电子探针、薄膜X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和透射电子显微镜，对注入和热氧化后的薄膜成分、表面形貌和微观结构进行表征，探讨了热氧化温度以及注入剂量对纳米ZnO团簇的成核过程及生长行为的影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。