查询词典 probability of reliability

Then we introduced transition probability kernel for the hidden state process and the confederated process. In the deep research, we found that some similar parameters of state transition probability, observation symbol probability and initial state probability were involved in the transition probability kernel of the confederated process. So we can complete the training of traditional HMM parameters by training the transition probability kernel of the confederated process. To our surprised, we got the consistency of transition probability kernel of the confederated process. Meanwhile, we proved the rationality and reliability of the parameters estimation equations under the classical B-W algorithm.

然后对联合过程的转移概率核展开研究，我们根据过程的取值空间的不同，引入了隐状态空间和联合过程空间上的转移概率核，研究中发现在联合空间上的转移概率核包含了在一般的隐马氏模型的参数估计中的所有类似的三组参数(转移概率，观测概率和初始概率)，因此对传统的隐马氏模型的参数训练我们可以通过联合过程的转移概率核的训练来完成，更令我们惊奇的是联合过程的转移概率核还具有一致性；同时对于Baum提出的经典的B-W算法给出的关于模型的参数重估计公式，证明了它的合理性和可靠性，即模型经过重估计后的参数能够满足给定的单观测序列在模型下发生的概率是单调递增的。

Chapter 1 we introduce the risk process with positive and negative risk sums,show the background of the risk process. Chapter 2 we show the integral and differential equation of birth probability,give the Lundberg inequation that the ruin probability satisfies with martingale approach,then discuss then ruin probability of the risk process with two dependent positive and negative risk sums,study how the dependence impacts on the ruin probability. Chapter 3 we compare the concrete examples by numbers,and makes further comparison between the two results coming out of independency and dependency,with the purpose of narrating their respective impacts on the probability of ruin probability.

本文第一章引入含正、负风险和的风险模型，介绍风险过程的实际背景；第二章给出生存概率Φ所满足的积分-微分方程，利用典型鞅方法给出破产概率Ψ满足的Lundberg不等式，并且讨论两个相关正、负风险和模型的破产概率，研究相关性对破产概率的影响；第三章对具体实例给出数值比较，进一步把相关性和独立性两种情形的结果进行比较，说明对破产概率的影响。

Based on probability theory, a method for describing and calculating the collision probability between rendezvous and docking vehicle and debris is presented, and the method involves quantitatively analyzing the collision probability using quasi maximum instantaneous collision probability and total collision probability. The method calculating the indexes is developed, and the input required to perform a calculation includes the respective state vectors, position error covariance matrices and physical sizes of objects involved.(3) Two methods to analyze relative trajectory safety between chaser and target are developed, which are 3-sigma ellipsoid based methodology and collision probability based methodology.

1分析了交会对接各阶段面临的主要轨迹安全威胁，阐述了被动和主动安全策略、目标器的交会对接控制区域等保证交会安全的措施；(2)基于概率思想发展了线性和非线性运动情况下飞行器与空间碎片的碰撞判断方法，提出采用总碰撞概率和拟最大瞬时碰撞概率来综合描述飞行器与空间碎片的碰撞危险程度，推导了通过飞行器和空间碎片各自的状态矢量、位置误差协方差矩阵以及形状尺寸来计算碰撞概率的公式；(3)提出了两种分析追踪器和目标器之间相对轨迹安全的新方法：基于3σ椭球的轨迹安全分析方法和基于碰撞概率的轨迹安全分析方法。

Based on the flaw of the probability reliability model in the case of small amount of information,non-probability and mixed probability/non-probability reliability models are presented. When the uncertainty of the basic random variable is described by convex, analytical and numerical methods are constructed to calculate the convex of response variable. The infinite norm index, which is the minimal infinite norm distance from original coordinate point to the surface of the limit state in the standard interval space, is presented to measure the safety of the structure.

针对概率可靠性模型在小子样信息下的缺陷，建立了非概率可靠性模型及概率—非概率混合可靠性模型；给出了用集合来描述变量不确定性时，极限状态变量变化集合的解析解和数值迭代解法；提出了物理概念明确且十分易于工程应用的度量结构、机构安全程度的无穷范数指标，它是标准区间空间中坐标原点到极限状态表面的最小无穷范数距离。

Events,Operation and Relation of Sets, Classical Probability, Geometrical Probability , Statistical Stability of a Frequency, Axioms of Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability Theorem, Bayes' Rule,Independent Events,Independent Repeated Trials, One Dimensional Random Variables, Discrete Random Variables, Distribution Function of a Random Variables , Continuous Random Variables, Normal Distribution, Distribution of a Function of a Random Variable, Multidimensional Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function, Marginal Distribution Function,Discrete Two—Dimensional Random Variables,Continuous Two—Dimensional Random Variables, Independent Random Variables, Distribution of Functions of Random Variables,Expectation,Variance, Covariance, Coefficient of Correlation, Bivariate Normal Distribution, Law of Large Numbers, The Central Limit Theorems, Sample and Population ,Chi—Squared, T and F Distributions , Sampling Distributions , Point Estimation , Interval Estimation , Testing Hypotheses , A Test of Significance for Parameters in a Single Sample From a Normally Distributed Population , A Test of Significance for Parameters in Two Sample From Normally Distributed Populations .

本课程的主要内容：概率的概念与运算、随机变量及其分布、随机变量的数字特征与极限定理、数理统计的基本概念、估计和检验的基本方法，随机事件与概率随机事件、事件的关系与运算、几何概率、统计概率等，条件概率、全概率公式、贝叶斯公式、事件的独立性、二项概率公式，随机变量的概念、离散型随机变量、随机变量的分布函数、连续型随机变量、随机变量函数的分布，多维随机变量及其分布函数、边缘分布函数、随机变量的独立性、二维随机变量函数的分布，数学期望、方差、协方差和相关系数、大数定律、中心极限定理，总体与样本， X 2-分布、 t-分布和 F-分布，统计量及抽样分布，假设检验的基本概念、单个正态总体参数的显著性检验、两个正态总体参数的显著性检验。

Firstly,the classification of probability rule is analyzed on the base of classic rough set concepts and extended to the equal relation of set in the indefinite system,namely,the upper and lower approximation space of research set is expressed in the form of conditional probability;then,according to the measure of probability rule,the attributes reduction is carried out and the classification rule is extracted by using the related parameters of condition attributes' impend precision from the angle of conditional probability;Finally,the related simulation test result is given and the result shows the classification rules with probability measures is more rational.

首先在经典粗糙集概念的基础上分析概率规则的分类，并将其推广到不确定系统的集合等价关系中，即用条件概率的形式表示研究集合的上下近似空间；然后根据概率规则的测度从条件概率的角度利用条件属性的逼近精度的相关参数进行属性集的约简进而提取分类规则；最后给出了相关的仿真实验结果，结果表明带有概率测度的分类规则更合理。

In the paper, based on the hypothesis that the failure of every poles is independent and by the method of reliability assign and reassign, the difficult problem of disposing the structure system reliability constraints is solved. Based on sensitivity information, the given system failure probability can be replaced by the sum of every element failure probability. And then the structural optimization design based on system reliability is preceded.

针对基于体系可靠性约束优化设计的关键问题一结构体系可靠性的分析和计算，在基于结构各单元失效相互独立假设的基础上，提出了以各单元失效概率之和近似体系失效概率的处理方法，并给出了体系可靠性分配和再分配的方法，以确保结构体系在优化过程中的可靠性，实现了结构基于体系可靠性的优化设计。

PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm, which mimics the social behavior of animals in a flock. It makes use of individual and group memory to update each particle position allowing global and local search optimization. The objective function considered was the total weight of the structure subjected to stresses, displacements and forces constraints. The effects of the parameters were investigated as well and such combination of tuning parameters promote a better global search behavior avoiding premature convergence while rapidly converging to the optimal solution. Results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with ANSYS Design Optimization Tool (zero-order method). The PSO with the tuning parameters makes it an ideal method for offshore wind turbines foundations optimization tasks.(2) A reliability analysis method for pile foundation bearing axial loads based PSOThe performance function of pile foundation's axially bearing capacity sometimes is nonlinear and complex, on the basis of geometric meaning of structural reliability index, an optimum model with PSO for structural reliability analysis under arbitrary random variables was established, The PSO algorithm is very efficient to solve global optimization problemsIts use in structural reliability field presents not only the advantage of its facility of implementation, but also the possibility to obtain the design point and the failure probability with a good accuracy. In addition, PSO is a zero order algorithm, for no derivative is necessary for its implementation.

本文的研究针对桩式海上风机基础结构的特点，在国内外有关研究成果的基础上对海上风机基础结构优化设计理论和可靠度方法一些相关问题进行了较为深入的研究，具体做了以下几个方面的工作：(1)基于粒子群优化的桩式海上风机基础确定性优化设计方法桩式海上风机基础的优化设计是一个复杂的、非线性约束的优化问题，针对传统的基于梯度信息的优化方法在处理非线性问题中易陷入局部最优解的问题，本文将一种耦合惩罚函数的PSO算法引入到海上风机基础结构概念设计中，PSO算法是从群体动物聚集觅食这一活动中受到启发而发展的，该算法利用个体和群体的信息共享不断改进自身的位置从而进行局部和全局最优搜索，本文中以桩和三脚架连接段直径及壁厚为设计变量，以基础总重量作为优化的目标函数，在给定的约束条件下建立了三脚架基础优化数学模型，另外本文还研究了PSO参数变化对结果的影响，协调的参数组合可以避免陷入早熟收敛而能够快速的获得全局的最优解，通过与ANSYS优化模块的计算结果比较验证了该方法的有效性，本方法为海上风机基础的确定性设计提供了一条有效的途径。

Secondly, in spite of the reliability of software and control system, the mechanical system reliability of automatic yarn evenness tester is researched using FTA, and fault trees of each unit and system are established by analyzing its structure and function. According to system reliability theory and events probability, the mechanical system fault tree is analyzed by means of qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation, the system weak parts are found , and the ways are put forward to improve the mechanical system reliability.

其次，在不考虑软件及控制系统可靠性的情况下，利用故障树分析的方法，对全自动条干仪机械系统可靠性进行了分析研究，通过对其结构、功能的分析，建立了单个单元的故障树和系统的故障树；并根据系统可靠性的原理和事件发生的概率，进行了定性分析和定量计算，找出了系统的薄弱环节，提出了提高机械系统可靠性的途径。

To solve calculable problem of the reliability of fibre channel interconnection, based on basic FC interconnection model, a task based analysis method of system reliability was proposed, a reliability model of FC interconnection system was developed and the matrix of system reliability was used to describe reliability model.

对于光纤通道互连的可靠性计算问题，从FC的基本模型出发，提出了基于任务的系统可靠性分析方法，建立了FC互连系统的可靠性模型，并给出了系统可靠度矩阵的表达形式。

The production moved off-Broadway to New York City, where she won the Joseph E. Calloway award for her performance, and was profiled in American Theater Magazine as one of ten young theater artists to watch.

生产提出过百老汇的新的纽约市，在那里她赢得了约瑟夫calloway奖，她的表现，并于异型在美国的战区杂志之一， 10战区的青年艺术家观赏。

It's a risk tradeoff, and I believe that adding test support code usually wins.

这是一个风险的权衡，我相信添加测试代码通常会占上风。