查询词典 pricing

Then the optimal bidding strategies of block bidding under uniform and PAB pricing methods are presented. A case study is given. The results show that the optimal bids are higher than power supplier's real costs under uniform and PAB pricing method. The optimal supply function bids under the uniform pricing method are also studied.

在获得等效竞争对手报价概率分布的情况下，进一步研究了统一出清和PAB电价下，按容量段报价的最优报价策略及统一出清电价下按连续供应函数报价的最优报价策略，给出了相关算例，结果表明在统一出清和PAB电价下，最优报价均高于发电厂商的实际成本。

The two most widely used types of cost-based pricing are break-even analysis pricing and cost-plus pricing.

两种最广泛运用的以成本为基础的订价方法是均衡分析法和成本加价法。

First, this paper introduced the commercial bank loans pricing situation and existing problems, discussed the basic principles and the factors that loan pricing should consider, discussed how to use the traditional cost-plus pricing model, Customers comprehensive profit model,and analysised their inadequacy.

首先，本文介绍了目前商业银行贷款定价机制运行的现状及存在的问题，讨论了贷款定价的基本原则以及贷款价格的构成因素，详细论述了传统的成本加成定价法、客户综合盈利定价法的计算过程，并分析了它们的不足之处。

The theatrical foundation of this paper is option pricing model. This paper focuses on the Black-Scholes model, details the basic postulation, principle and pricing formula. And it is pointed out that the postulation that volatility is constant can't reflect the varying market volatility. Violation of this postulation will lead to biased pricing results.

期权定价模型是本文分析的理论基础，文中以Black-Scholes模型为主，分析了期权定价模型的基本假设、原理与定价公式，指出波动率为常数的假设不能反映市场波动率的变化状况，对该假设的违背将使定价结果产生偏差，因此，波动率在期权定价中有重要的作用。

The paper prices bond and bond option, analyzing dynamic interest rate, regime-switching and option pricing. According to the affection of regime-switching to interest rate derivative pricing, the paper deduces the partial differential equation of bond pricing with Ito lemma, and obtains characteristic function and recursion equation of bond option.

从利率动态变化、结构转换和期权定价三个方面进行分析，对结构转换下的债券和债券期权进行定价，考虑了结构转换对利率衍生物定价的影响，利用Ito引理获得债券定价的偏微分方程，并得到债券期权定价的特征函数与递归等式。

And when China tries to improve the legal systems of taxation adjustment on transfer pricing and set up relative effective legal norm to control MNC"s transfer pricing, the corresponding legislative and practical experiences of other countries can be learned for references. Against the above research and analysis the paper finally gives suggestions to improve the legal systems of taxation adjustment on MNC"s transfer pricing in China.

而各国转让定价税收调整的立法经验和实践经验，在完善我国转让定价税收调整法律制度和制定有效的管理转让定价行为的法律规范时，是完全可以借鉴的，在此基础上提出了完善我国转让定价税收调整法律制度的建议。

This paper expounds the Ramsey pricing method used for guiding the unilateral access pricing of network industry,construes the advantages and disadvantages of Ramsey access pricing ...

介绍了用于指导网络产业单向接入定价的Ramsey接入定价方法，分析了Ramsey接入定价方法的优缺点，并比较了Ramsey最优接入价格与其他接入定价方法确定的最优接入价格。

Refering to the pricing of MBO, this thesis takes for that it's inconsequential to make net assets value per share as sole standard of pricing, and the standard of valuing must be traced back to free cash flow, and Free Cash Flow Valuation must be set up for pricing. And this thesis has brought EVA theory into MBO pricing to quantitating former contribution of management. Moreover, this thesis analyses controlling premium and marketability discount, and considers that we must develop the mechanism of market to improve the level of investors protection.

在对定价问题的探讨中，本文认为以每股净资产作为唯一定价标准不合理，衡量价值的标准应追溯到自由现金流量，应建立自由现金流量模型对管理层收购进行科学定价；本文还引入了EVA的理论量化管理层的历史贡献，以修正自由现金流量模型；同时本文认为定价时还要考虑控制权溢价和流动性折价，并且适当引入竞争，发挥市场机制，提高投资者保护水平。

Secondly, in the fourth section, the three-branch utility indifference pricing models in the multiperiod securities markets,two-period pricing models when existent non-tradable assets and one of special mix models are studied.At the same time, analyse and compare the result of the special mix models.In particular,this paper obtain that the utility indifference pricing is same to the no-arbitrage pricing,thus it prove the paper conclusion accuracy in the certain degree.

其次，在本文的第四章中，研究多时段三叉树效用无差别定价模型以及存在不可交易资产的二期定价模型；研究了一类特殊混合定价模型，并对这些定价结果进行了分析，在特殊情况下，得到的效用无差别定价与无套利定价是相同的，从而，在一定程度上反映了本文结论的正确性。

Based on analysis of application deficiencies of these two mechanisms, some improvement advices are advocated.A unified on-grid pricing mechanism, with the consideration of costs of generators and send-out projects, step options, adjustment along with technology advancement and provincial differences is proposed to replace benchmark pricing mechanism. Key problems such as standard and levels of return rate, reasonable partition of interest during the construction period are discussed in the unified on-grid pricing mechanism. A modified investment cash flows statement based estimation method of on-grid prices is proposed in the thesis. Return rate of on-grid electricity price should be adjusted dynamically according to the capital asset pricing model.

论文进一步提出了改进我国上网电价定价机制的分析和建议，提出了标杆电价改为统一上网电价、统一上网电价包含电厂和送出工程范围、建立分阶梯统一上网电价、统一上网电价随技术进步调整机制、各省行政区可分区颁布统一上网电价等建议；论文还对统一上网电价测算中的收益率标准、收益率水平、建设期利息合理划分问题提出了改进建议，提出上网电价测算应以投资方现金流量表为依据，并通过分析提出现行投资方现金流量表的修正办。。。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。