查询词典 pricing

Based on modern option pricing theories,Black-Scholes and Merton option pricing model are used to study the pricing of the structured products,and its design,characteristics and risk are studied respectively.Based on Black-Scholes and Merton option pricing models,I also use the checking method to estimate the parameters of the model following real prices data,And calculate the theoretical price.Then,I compare the real and theoretical prices of the two pricing models.The results show that the effects of the Merton option pricing model are superior to the Black-Scholes option pricing model.Moreover,It shows that Hong Kong stock prices are also affected by the instant messages,and the jump phenomenon may exist in Hong Kong stock market.

本文以香港衍生品市场上三种主要结构性产品结构性票据、牛熊证和衍生权证为例，探讨了结构性产品的设计、特点、风险和定价，以现代期权定价理论为基础，以B-S和Merton两种期权定价为基础，根据市场价格经过校验得出模型隐含的参数，编程计算出两种定价模型下的理论价格，并将其实际价格和理论价格进行了比较，结果显示：Merton定价模型的效果要优于Black-scholes定价模型，说明香港市场的股票价格也可能受即时信息的影响，存在跳跃现象。

For reach the ideal price, auto enterprises need to use different methods of pricing---cost-oriented, demand-oriented,competition-oriented, and the integrated use of above all. Some stratges are also adviced. e.g: new products pricing stratge, cycle pricing stratge, discount pricing stratge, conbine pricing stratge, phycology pricing strage etc.

为了实现一定的定价目标，汽车企业需要灵活采用各种定价方法——成本导向法、需求导向法、竞争导向法以及几种方法的综合运用，并辅之以多种定价策略，例如新产品定价策略、生命周期定价策略、折扣定价策略、组合定价策略、心理定价策略等等。

Having reviewed both domestic and international dissertations about resource pricing theories, compared domestic with foreign practices, stepped on the base of domestic realities, the author of this dissertation analyzes the pricing system of mineral resources both from theories and from its practices:First, analyzed China's current governmental pricing system and its effect on the market, and found some regulation problems such as inadequation and excession. Second, compared different mineral resources pricing methods and its effects on the market, and suggested new mineral resources pricing system for China. Third, raised some suggestion on how to regulate and manage through government administration in this new pricing system.

论文中借鉴国内外成熟的资源定价理论，对比国外通行做法，立足于国内实际，从理论和实践两方面对矿产资源的定价体系进行研究：一是分析了现行中国矿产资源政府行政定价的制度及其对市场的影响，找到部分调控影响不到、不力或过度的问题；二是比较了国内外现行不同的矿产资源定价体系及其对市场的影响，提出了适应我国经济社会发展的新矿产资源定价体系；三是科学地提出了我国在应对未来资源提价过程中如何合理发挥政府调控手段的建议。

Using Basket warrants transaction data on TSEC from September 4, 1997 to June 25, 2001, the combination of four volatility models classical history volatility,Parkinson's(1980 high, low history volatility model,Garman and Klass's(1980) high, low, opening, closing history volatility model,Trippi's(1977) equal weights implied volatility model with two pricing models Black and Sholes's(1973 option pricing model, henceforth BS pricing model,Chen and Cheng's(2000) basket option pricing model, henceforth CC pricing model are discussed on valuation performance to obtain superior basket warrant pricing model.

摘要本文利用1997年9月4日至2001年6月26日间在台湾证券交易所发行且已到期的组合型认购权证，使用四种波动性估计模型历史波动性模型，Parkinson(1980的最高，最低价历史波动性模型，Garman and Klass(1980)的最高，最低，开盘，收盘价历史波动性模型，Trippi(1977)的等加权平均隐含波动性模型与Black and Sholes(1973)选择权评价模式，陈松男与郑翔尹(2000)的组合型权证评价模式配对成八种评价模式，并比较其评价绩效，冀期能得到一较佳的组合型认购权证评价模式。

Using Basket warrants transaction data on TSEC from September 4, 1997 to June 25, 2001, the combination of five volatility models classical history volatility; Parkinson's(1980 high, low history volatility model; Garman and Klass's(1980) high, low, opening, closing history volatility model; Trippi's(1977) equal weights implied volatility model; Bollerslev's(1986)GARCH volatility model with two pricing models Black and Sholes's(1973 option pricing model, henceforth BS pricing model; Chen and Cheng's(2000) basket option pricing model, henceforth CC pricing model are discussed on valuation performance to obtain superior basket warrants pricing model.

本文利用1997年9月4日至2001年6月26日间在台湾证券交易所发行且已到期的组合型认购权证，使用五种波动性估计模型历史波动性模型、Parkinson(1980的最高、最低价历史波动性模型、Garman and Klass(1980)的最高、最低、开盘、收盘价历史波动性模型、Trippi(1977)的等加权平均隐含波动性模型、Bollerslev(1986)的GARCH波动性模型与Black and Sholes(1973)选择权评价模式、陈松男与郑翔尹(2000)的组合型认购权证评价模型(CC组合型认购权证评价模型)配对成十种评价模型，并比较其评价绩效，冀期能得到一较佳的组合型认购权证评价模型。

In chapter 2, the basic ideas of binomial pricing model are concerned, we discuss binomial pricing model of discrete up-and-out calls and show the formula, it extends binomial pricing model of European option. It is then followed by the discussion of the structure and thought of trinomial pricing model, the formula of barrier option is derived. At last, we provide mixed trinomial pricing model.

第二章，首先介绍了二项式定价模型的基本思想，推导出了障碍期权的二项式定价公式，此式推广了标准的二项式定价公式；其次，介绍了三项式定价模型的构造及基本思想，得出了障碍期权的三项式定价模型；最后，推广了三项式定价模型，提出了混合型三项式定价模型。

All water pricing methods have different impacts on efficiency, where the volumetric pricing and tiered pricing can made first best efficiency, and input/output pricing can made second best efficiency while the unit per area pricing has a low efficiency.

水资源作为稀缺资源在分配使用中存在效率与公平性的冲突，为实现有限水资源的可持续利用，就必须在分配过程中进行效率与公平性的协调[1]。

After confirming the pricing mode basically, the author analyze three effective operating forms in pricing combining China's objective current situation at present. The forms are the hearing, competing price in advance and getting involved afterwards. Then the author present the operating forms suitable for the present demand for development. So the theory of pricing in public-private partnership has been perfected on the system aspect and operation aspect. At last, the author presents the conditions that can optimize the pricing in public-private partnership of quasi-public utilities.

定价模式基本确认后，结合中国目前的客观现状对政府产生价格的三种有效操作形式，听证会、事前竞价、事后介入进行分析，提出适合当前发展要求的操作形式，使准市政公共产品民营化定价理论在制度层面和操作层面上得以完善，最后，提出优化准市政公共产品民营化定价的条件。

Under the assumption that the expected rate μS(t , volatilityσS(t are functions of risk asset S, and stock pricing process respectively driven by a general O-U process and an exponential of a Levy process, we obtain the accurate pricing formulas and put-call parity of European option. In the end, assume that riskless rate is given, we deal with pricing formulas of European option on foreign currency and apply the approach to the pricing of the convertible bond.

利用保险精算方法给出了股票价格遵循广义0一U过程模型的欧式期权的精确定价公式和买权与卖权之间的平价关系以及股票价格过程遵循指数Levy过程的定价模型，最后推导出利率确定情形下外汇期权的定价公式，并且给出了保险精算方法在可转换债券定价中的应用。

In chapter 3, we study pricing of geometric average Asian capped calls, pricing of geometric average Asian option with transaction cost, pricing of the two kinds of exotic option in Fractional Brownian motion environment, pricing of capped calls with transaction cost in fractional Brownian motion environment.

在本文的第三章，研究了几何平均亚式上限型买权的定价，有交易成本的几何平均亚式期权的定价，分数次布朗运动环境中两种奇异期权的定价，以及分数次布朗运动环境中有交易成本的上限型买权的定价。

" I' d like to get some rough idea about music in the baroque ear, please."

请简要介绍一下巴罗克时期的音乐，好吗？

The results showed that the peak latency and pattern of SEPs elicited by electrical needling in LI-l1 and MP were similar. The amplitude of SEPs elicited by electrical needling in LI-l1 was higher than that of MP. There was no obvious SEPs generation when MM was electrical needling.

结果显示，电针刺激曲池穴和其邻近桡侧伸腕长肌运动点诱发性脑电波的波形和波峰时间是类似的，只是穴位的诱发性脑电波波幅较大，而电针刺激非穴位点并没有明显的诱发性脑电位。