查询词典 pricing

Traditional methods of modelling returns and testing the Capital Asset Pricing Model do so at the mean of the conditional distribution.

传统的模拟与检验资本资产定价模型(Capital Asset Pricing Model，CAPM)及各种资产定价模型的方法都是检验模型在均值处的有效性，但是实证结果不同，带来了有很大的争议。

Cost-plus pricing - When a firm adds a given percentage mark-up to average cost.

成本加成定价（Cost-plus pricing）-企业在平均成本上加一定比例的利润来定价。

In addition,the nested pricing rule is also reviewed and its geometric interpretation is offered based on the heuristic characterization of an .

此外，还对嵌套的pricing 规则进行了回顾，并基于最优解的启发式特征刻画给出了该规则的一个几何解释。

Based on modern option pricing theories,Black-Scholes and Merton option pricing model are used to study the pricing of the structured products,and its design,characteristics and risk are studied respectively.Based on Black-Scholes and Merton option pricing models,I also use the checking method to estimate the parameters of the model following real prices data,And calculate the theoretical price.Then,I compare the real and theoretical prices of the two pricing models.The results show that the effects of the Merton option pricing model are superior to the Black-Scholes option pricing model.Moreover,It shows that Hong Kong stock prices are also affected by the instant messages,and the jump phenomenon may exist in Hong Kong stock market.

本文以香港衍生品市场上三种主要结构性产品结构性票据、牛熊证和衍生权证为例，探讨了结构性产品的设计、特点、风险和定价，以现代期权定价理论为基础，以B-S和Merton两种期权定价为基础，根据市场价格经过校验得出模型隐含的参数，编程计算出两种定价模型下的理论价格，并将其实际价格和理论价格进行了比较，结果显示：Merton定价模型的效果要优于Black-scholes定价模型，说明香港市场的股票价格也可能受即时信息的影响，存在跳跃现象。

This study deals with the prices of American option on dividend-paying. Because American call option can early exercise, in my master thesis, with Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, I design integral representation to obtain the optimum early exercise boundary, this can evaluate the price of American call option on dividend-paying assets and compare with Europe call option.

中文摘要本研究报告主要在探讨发放股利之美式买权定价之问题，由於美式买权可以提前履约，本文以Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model为其数学模型，再设计一积分表现式，用叠代法来求得最佳履约价格，进而求得标的资产发放股利之美式买权价格，其结果再与欧式买权价格比较。

For reach the ideal price, auto enterprises need to use different methods of pricing---cost-oriented, demand-oriented,competition-oriented, and the integrated use of above all. Some stratges are also adviced. e.g: new products pricing stratge, cycle pricing stratge, discount pricing stratge, conbine pricing stratge, phycology pricing strage etc.

为了实现一定的定价目标，汽车企业需要灵活采用各种定价方法——成本导向法、需求导向法、竞争导向法以及几种方法的综合运用，并辅之以多种定价策略，例如新产品定价策略、生命周期定价策略、折扣定价策略、组合定价策略、心理定价策略等等。

In chapter 2, the basic ideas of binomial pricing model are concerned, we discuss binomial pricing model of discrete up-and-out calls and show the formula, it extends binomial pricing model of European option. It is then followed by the discussion of the structure and thought of trinomial pricing model, the formula of barrier option is derived. At last, we provide mixed trinomial pricing model.

第二章，首先介绍了二项式定价模型的基本思想，推导出了障碍期权的二项式定价公式，此式推广了标准的二项式定价公式；其次，介绍了三项式定价模型的构造及基本思想，得出了障碍期权的三项式定价模型；最后，推广了三项式定价模型，提出了混合型三项式定价模型。

Having reviewed both domestic and international dissertations about resource pricing theories, compared domestic with foreign practices, stepped on the base of domestic realities, the author of this dissertation analyzes the pricing system of mineral resources both from theories and from its practices:First, analyzed China's current governmental pricing system and its effect on the market, and found some regulation problems such as inadequation and excession. Second, compared different mineral resources pricing methods and its effects on the market, and suggested new mineral resources pricing system for China. Third, raised some suggestion on how to regulate and manage through government administration in this new pricing system.

论文中借鉴国内外成熟的资源定价理论，对比国外通行做法，立足于国内实际，从理论和实践两方面对矿产资源的定价体系进行研究：一是分析了现行中国矿产资源政府行政定价的制度及其对市场的影响，找到部分调控影响不到、不力或过度的问题；二是比较了国内外现行不同的矿产资源定价体系及其对市场的影响，提出了适应我国经济社会发展的新矿产资源定价体系；三是科学地提出了我国在应对未来资源提价过程中如何合理发挥政府调控手段的建议。

Using Basket warrants transaction data on TSEC from September 4, 1997 to June 25, 2001, the combination of four volatility models classical history volatility,Parkinson's(1980 high, low history volatility model,Garman and Klass's(1980) high, low, opening, closing history volatility model,Trippi's(1977) equal weights implied volatility model with two pricing models Black and Sholes's(1973 option pricing model, henceforth BS pricing model,Chen and Cheng's(2000) basket option pricing model, henceforth CC pricing model are discussed on valuation performance to obtain superior basket warrant pricing model.

摘要本文利用1997年9月4日至2001年6月26日间在台湾证券交易所发行且已到期的组合型认购权证，使用四种波动性估计模型历史波动性模型，Parkinson(1980的最高，最低价历史波动性模型，Garman and Klass(1980)的最高，最低，开盘，收盘价历史波动性模型，Trippi(1977)的等加权平均隐含波动性模型与Black and Sholes(1973)选择权评价模式，陈松男与郑翔尹(2000)的组合型权证评价模式配对成八种评价模式，并比较其评价绩效，冀期能得到一较佳的组合型认购权证评价模式。

Using Basket warrants transaction data on TSEC from September 4, 1997 to June 25, 2001, the combination of five volatility models classical history volatility; Parkinson's(1980 high, low history volatility model; Garman and Klass's(1980) high, low, opening, closing history volatility model; Trippi's(1977) equal weights implied volatility model; Bollerslev's(1986)GARCH volatility model with two pricing models Black and Sholes's(1973 option pricing model, henceforth BS pricing model; Chen and Cheng's(2000) basket option pricing model, henceforth CC pricing model are discussed on valuation performance to obtain superior basket warrants pricing model.

本文利用1997年9月4日至2001年6月26日间在台湾证券交易所发行且已到期的组合型认购权证，使用五种波动性估计模型历史波动性模型、Parkinson(1980的最高、最低价历史波动性模型、Garman and Klass(1980)的最高、最低、开盘、收盘价历史波动性模型、Trippi(1977)的等加权平均隐含波动性模型、Bollerslev(1986)的GARCH波动性模型与Black and Sholes(1973)选择权评价模式、陈松男与郑翔尹(2000)的组合型认购权证评价模型(CC组合型认购权证评价模型)配对成十种评价模型，并比较其评价绩效，冀期能得到一较佳的组合型认购权证评价模型。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。