查询词典 price-fixing

It is reported that domestic steel mills have agreed with Rio Tinto chief in accordance with the Association last year, 6.7 fold in advance the price of iron ore price, as Nippon Steel and Rio Tinto iron ore reached a comprehensive long-HS price drop about 33%, the fluid control experts believe that a senior, this means that Rio Tinto approved in disguise starting price, but the China Steel Association has always stressed that China will not follow the initial price of Rio Tinto.

据悉，国内已有钢厂同意力拓按照去年长协价格6.7折预付铁矿石货款，由于新日铁与力拓达成的铁矿石长协价格综合降幅约33％，因此资深流体管专家认为这等于变相认可力拓的首发价，但中钢协一直强调，中方不会跟随力拓的首发价格。

The main research results in this dissertation can be given as following:Firstly, the bidding strategies and affections of generation companies on the TOU power price are analyzed; Supply function model is employed to simulate the bidding strategies of generation companies in power pool. Some meaningful results are obtained through the proposed equilibrium equations model, when different bidding parameters are selected to maximize profit of suppliers, such as the the numeral of generation company, the block bidding, and power demand elasticity. Based on these results, the affections between the bidding strategies and the TOU power price are discussed.Secondly, the important principles consider the factor of bidding strategies of generation companies and consumers gaming strategies are proposed to constitute the new TOU power price model under present electricity market. Based on these pricinples a new mathematical model of TOU power price is constructed, to evade electricity market risk, partition the peak-valley, ascertain the consumers' response curve, and protect the ambilateral profits.Thirdly, the affections of the TOU power price strategies for reducing the network loss, adjusting node voltage, improving load curve of power system, and protecting the consumers' benefits in electricity market are analyzed with applications of a city real time load data of Jiangsu province.

针对"厂网分开，竞价上网"的电力市场运营模式，本文主要完成了以下研究工作：1研究了发电商不同的竞价上网策略，利用供给函数均衡方法，建立了发电商的竞价上网策略模型，给出了市场均衡解的具体解法；讨论了不同条件下发电商的竞价策略对市场的影响，并获得了发电商的最优上网竞价策略，明确了竞价上网与峰谷分时电价之间的影响因素；利用电力系统负荷曲线，建立了发电商最优竞价策略与峰谷分时电价之间的相互联系，通过仿真算例分析了峰谷分时电价与发电商最优报价之间的相互影响。2提出了"厂网分开，竞价上网"电力市场模式下，考虑发电侧竞价和用户侧博弈等风险因素影响，峰谷分时电价理论建模在规避电网企业运营风险，保护供电方与用户双方的利益、确定用户响应曲线、划分峰谷时段、设置合理的电价拉开比等方面所应遵循的基本原则，在此基础上建立了适合电力市场模式的峰谷分时电价模型。3从原理上分析了需求侧实行峰谷分时电价策略，对削峰填谷，提高负荷率，改善负荷曲线形状，降低电力系统的电能损耗和电压损耗等方面的影响，并进行了仿真验证。

Variations 52.3 Exceeding 15 Percent If, on the issue of the Taking-Over Certificate for the whole of the Works, it is found that as a result of: all varied work valued under Sub-Clause 52.1 and 52.2, and all adjustments upon measurement of the estimated quantities set out in the Bill of Quantities, excluding Provisional Sums, daywork and adjustments of price made under Clause 70, But not from any other cause, there have been additions to or deductions from the Contract Price which taken together are in excess of 15 per cent of the "Effective Contract Price"(which for the purposes of this Sub-Clause shall mean the Contract Price excluding Provisional Sums, and allowance for dayworks, if any) then and in such event (subject to Any action already taken under any other Sub-Clause of this Clause), after due consultation by the Engineer with the Employer and the Contractor, there shall be added to or deducted from the Contract Price such further further sum as may be agreed between the Contractor and the Engineer or, failing agreement, determined by the Engineer having regard to the Contractor's Site and general overhead costs of the Contract.

如果在签发整个工程接收证书时，发现由于： 47 超过百分之 52.3 十五(15%)的变更所有按第52.1款和52.2款规定作价的全部变更工程；对工程量清单中开列的估算数量进行计量所做的全部调整费用，但不包括所有暂定金额，计日工作费用及按本文第 70 条规定所作的价格调整。而并非由于任何其他原因，当加到或从合同价中减去的金额总和超过了有效合同价格就本款而言，应指不包括暂定金额和计日工(如有的话的合同价的 15%时，那么，工程师应在与承包人和业主协商后，在考虑据本款采取的任何步骤后，再将合同价减少或增加一笔工程师与承包人协商的调整金额，若不能达成一致意见，则由工程师考虑承包人的现场管理费用及总管理费开文后确定此数额。

B The consumer price index compares the price of a fixed basket of goods and services to the price of the basket in the base year whereas the GDP deflator compares the price of currently produced goods and services to the price of the same goods and services in the base year.

第二，消费价格指数比较的是固定篮子的商品和服务的当期价格与基期价格之比，而GDP紧缩指数比较的是当期生产的商品和服务的当期价格与相同的商品与服务基期价格之比。

But the price,with the exception ofwheat,of almost every agricultural commodity,the price of wool,the price of meat,the price ofcheese,the price of everything that the soil pro- duces,has been largely increased in a market freeand open to the world;because,while the artificialadvantage which you got through protection,as itwas supposed to be an advantage,was removed,you were brought into that free and open market,and the energy of free trade so enlarged the buyingcapacity of your customers that they were willingand able to give you,and did give you,a great dealmore for your meat,your wool,and your productsin general,than you would ever have got under thesystem of protection.

然而，除小麦的价格外，几乎所有农产品的价格、羊毛的价格、猪肉的价格、乳酪的价格、地里生产的任何东西的价格，在自由和对外开放的市场上扶摇直上；因为，通过保护获得的这种人为的有利条件——它曾被认为是有利条件——一旦取消了，你们就被推向自由开放的市场，自由贸易的力量大大提高了你们的顾客的购买力，使他们愿意并能够也确实对你们的肉、羊毛和一般产品付出了比你们在保护制度下所能得到的多得多的钱。

When making a price, the land agent will adopt some price strategy that is idiomatic by monopolistic manufacturer, for example, monopolistic price, following strategy when dominant manufacturer leading price, cahoot, price discrimination, predacity price and so on.

房地产开发商在制定房地产价格时，一般垄断厂商所惯用的一些价格策略都会采用，如垄断定价、在领导厂商主导价格的条件下其他开发商选择跟随策略、合谋、价格歧视、拍卖竞价、掠夺性定价等。

The results indicate that in US where the real estate market is mature and steady, land price determines the housing price; in Japan where the real estate market is abnormal, housing price determines the land price; in China where the completion of real estate market is unredeemed, land price determines the housing price.

结果表明：在美国，房地产市场处于成熟、平稳的发展阶段，地价决定房价；在日本，房地产市场处于异常发展阶段，房价决定地价；在中国，房地产市场尚未达到稳定阶段，地价决定房价。

The harm that the author proved fixed price and enterprise with under cost the price sells a product, offer the economics reason of the service, gave out the content that regulation of emulative property price controls is not fixed what correct a manufacturer to apply market strength to undertake the price is caused plunder the gender fixes a price or cahoot however with control price is inefficient the policy proposal that this is full of real significance.

作者论证了固定价格的危害及企业以低于成本的的价格销售产品，提供服务的经济学理由，并给出了竞争性产业价格规制的内容不是固定和控制价格而是纠正厂商运用市场力量进行掠夺性定价或合谋定价引起的低效率这一富有现实意义的政策建议。

First, it designs a model of medical care price level regulation in China. The model is based on the natural monopoly price level regulation theory and model, considering the particularity of medical care service market, the main problems of medical care price regulation in China, the change of price index, the imbursement for the cost of service provided to the poor and the information held by the regulator. Second, the mode of medical care provider payment is seen as an important part of medical care price regulation content, and the impact of different payment system especially diagnostic related groups system on medical care costs and quality are analyzed. This develops the basic theory of medical care price regulation to some extent.

一是以自然垄断产业价格水平规制理论和模型为基础，结合医疗服务市场的特殊性与我国医疗服务价格规制的实践，对医疗服务价格水平规制的基础进行深入分析，综合考虑物价指数的变动、为弱势人群提供医疗服务的成本补偿以及医疗服务价格规制者掌握信息等因素，提出我国医疗服务价格水平规制的理论模型；二是将医疗费用支付方式作为医疗服务价格规制的重要内容，并从规制经济学的角度对不同规制模式尤其是按病种预付制对医疗费用和医疗服务质量的影响进行了理论分析，在一定程度上拓展了医疗服务价格规制的基本理论。

In equilibrium, the bid and ask prices depend only on the numbers of buy and sell orders in the book. The model has a number of empirical predictions: higher trading activity and higher trading competition cause smaller spreads and lower price impact; market orders lead to a temporary price impact larger than the permanent price impact, therefore to price overshooting; buy and sell orders can cluster away from the bid-ask spread, generating a hump-shaped order book; bid and ask prices display a comovement effect: after, e.g., a sell market order moves the bid price down, the ask price also falls, by a smaller amount, so the bid-ask spread widens; and when the order book is full, traders may submit quick, or fleeting, limit orders.

均衡时，出价和要价仅仅依赖于买卖本书的订单数量：（1）较高的贸易活动和贸易竞争造成较小的买卖差价并且降低价格的影响；（2）市场订单导致了临时的价格影响会大于永久性的价格影响，因此会形成价格过度；（3）买卖订单可以从集群申办远离价差，产生驼峰形的订单；（4）出价和要价显示了联动效应：例如，由于份额较少，销售市场订单导致投标价格下降，卖出价格也会下跌，因此买卖价差扩大；（5）当订单已满，投资者可以提高提交速度，或短暂的使用限价订单。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。