查询词典 price

In the part of empirical analysis of Chinese IPO first-day return, the difference between existing study and this study is that we use principal components analysis to extract from five factors to construct investors'sentiment index, add it to controled varibles, on which we examine the influence of offering mechanism on IPO first-day return. Moreover, we gather statistics and compare the IPO holding return for lockup period between fixed-price-class offering method and bookbuilding-class offering method, as well as price range between Chinese A-share market and Hongkong stock market, which prvide comprehensive evidence to appraise Chinese IPO bookbuilding mechanism. 2. Compare to the existing literatures which consider discount or allocation, incentive allocation and discount are considered at the same time in optimal mechanism design in this dissertation, and the offering bottom price is introduced to the price range. We investigate the relationship between price range and allocation quantity, and obtain the optimal price range and allocation strategy so that the advantages of independent allocation are reflected. On the other hand, the disadvantages of independent allocation are reflected in the manipulation in case of no restriction on IPO allocation. To distinguish from the existing literatures, bookbuilding mechanism is introduced to the model. We study the allocation strategy adopted by the underwriter in the pooling equilibrium of manipulation. In addition, we analyze the incentive compatibility conditions to which the existence of pooling equilibrium should satisfy and examine some factors'impact on the existence of manipulation.3. In bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, Chinese realistic IPO background is considered and the condition of bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering is added. Divide bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering into sequential hybrid and simultaneous hybrid, and point out that the key points of subscription strategy in the two kinds of hybrid are different. Through modeling and simulation we obtain the impact of institutional investors'subscription strategy on bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, which fill the gap in related research. Moreover, in the part of IPO bookbuilding with over-allotment option, the pricing strategy is divided into hot-IPO strategy and weak-IPO strategy. Take into account the procedure of Chinese IPO with over-allotment option, it presents how the underwriter determines the pricing strategy and what effect it brings to offering price and issue size through modeling and simulation. Therefore, it is instructive as a complement to existing literatures.

此外，对我国A股市场询价发行方式与固定价格发行方式下的IPO锁定期到期时持有收益率、以及我国A股市场与香港市场的询价发行价格区间进行了统计比较，为评价我国IPO市场的询价发行提供了比较全面的依据。2、相比已有文献仅考虑折价和分配中的一种激励措施，本论文在有自主配售权下的机制设计中并用了分配与折价两种激励措施，并且在价格区间的制定中引入发行底价，考察了价格区间与分配量之间的关系，得到最优的价格区间和分配策略，从中体现自主分配权的优点；在有自主分配权下的操纵行为研究中则体现了自主配售权的弊端，与已有文献不同的是，在模型中引入了累计投标询价机制，研究了承销商在混同均衡操纵中采取的分配策略，并对操纵存在的条件进行分析讨论，得出各个因素对混同均衡操纵存在的影响。3、在无自主分配权下的询价发行中，充分考虑了我国实际应用的背景，加入了与固定价格发售混合的条件，并将询价与固定价格混合发行分为序贯与同步两种方式，指出机构投资者在两种情况下申购策略的侧重点各有不同，通过对序贯混合发行方式下的网下累计投标策略以及同步混合发行方式下的资金分配策略的模型建立和数值仿真，考察了机构投资者申购策略对无自主分配权下的询价发行的影响，填补了相关研究文献的空白；在包含超额配售选择权的询价发行中，将发行定价策略分为热销策略和弱销策略，在考虑了我国含超额配售选择权的发行流程下，通过建模以及数值仿真得出承销商会对发行定价策略作出怎样的选取，进而会对新股发行价格、发售数量产生怎样的影响，对目前相关研究的缺乏做出了有益的补充。

North America Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bahamas and Panama Belize Dominica Grenada, Cuba and Haiti Costa Rica, Dominica, Honduras, Canada and USA Mexico, Nicaragua and Salvador Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago Costa Rica Guatemala, Jamaica and American manufacturing helicopter prices; the United States of America manufacturing helicopters prices; the United States manufacturing helicopter prices; the United States of America manufacturing helicopters prices; the U.S. manufacturing price of second-hand helicopters; the United States of America second-hand helicopters manufactured price; the U.S. manufacturing price of second-hand helicopters; the United States of America second-hand helicopter manufacturing price; Mobile:+0086-13901623260; Chen surname; European countries manufacturing helicopters prices; European helicopter manufacturing price; European helicopter manufacturing price; European helicopter manufacturing prices; European countries manufacturing price of second-hand helicopters; European manufacturing price of second-hand helicopters; European manufacturing price of second-hand helicopters; European manufacturing second-hand helicopters prices

北美洲安提瓜和巴布达巴巴多斯巴哈马巴拿马伯利兹多米尼加多米尼克哥斯达黎加格林纳达古巴海地洪都拉斯加拿大美国墨西哥尼加拉瓜萨尔瓦多圣基茨和尼维斯圣卢西亚圣文森特和格林纳丁斯特立尼达和多巴哥危地马拉牙买加美国生产制造直升飞机价格；美利坚合众国生产制造直升飞机价格；美国生产制造直升机价格；美利坚合众国生产制造直升机价格；美国生产制造二手直升飞机价格；美利坚合众国生产制造二手直升飞机价格；美国生产制造二手直升机价格；美利坚合众国生产制造二手直升机价格；Mobile：+0086-13901623260； Chen surname；欧洲各国生产制造直升飞机价格；欧洲各国生产制造直升飞机价格；欧洲各国生产制造直升机价格；欧洲各国生产制造直升机价格；欧洲各国生产制造二手直升飞机价格；欧洲各国生产制造二手直升飞机价格；欧洲各国生产制造二手直升机价格；欧洲各国生产制造二手直升机价格

This dissertation explores the Value Price Theory of Adam Smith, the Price Theory of David Ricardo, the Labor Value Theory of Karl-Marx, the Price Theory of the production expenditure of J. Say, the Marginal Utility theory of Eugen Von Bohn-Bawerk and the Equilibrium Price Theory of Maxieer. Meanwhile it researches the modem market price theory and modern enterprise price practice. Using Marxism and modern market price theory synthetically to analyze passenger price formation mechanism of Civil Aviation of China overall, systematically and deeply on theory.

本文全面分析了亚当·斯密的价值价格理论、大卫·李嘉图的价值价格理论、马克思的劳动价值论、萨伊的生产费用价格论、庞巴维克的边际效用论和马歇尔的均衡价格论，分析了现代市场价格理论以及企业定价实践研究的成果，综合运用马克思主义及现代市场价格理论，对中国民航客运价格形成机制进行了全面、深入、系统的理论分析。

This reporter has learned that March 23 flight from Shanghai to Xiamen, the price of 3 packs 290, Day 20 Shanghai to Sanya Price for 4 packs of 760 yuan, the Shanghai-Kunming route March 23 Price for 5 packs of 530, 3 month on the 19th route from Shanghai to Zhangjiajie Price for 4 packs 530, flights from Shanghai to Chengdu on March 23 for the 4 pack Price 640 yuan, while in the previous February, February 11 from Shanghai to Chengdu, the price of 5 discount at 810 yuan Shanghai to Zhangjiajie February 13 at the price of about 6 packs, air routes from Shanghai to Xiamen, the price of 6 at around 580 fold.

记者了解到，3月23日上海至厦门航线的价格为3折290元，20日上海到三亚的价格为4折760元，上海至昆明航线3月23日的价格为5折530元，3月19日上海至张家界航线的价格为4折530元，上海至成都航线3月23日价格为4折640元，而在此前2月份，2月11日上海至成都的价格在5折810元，上海至张家界2月13日的价格约在6折，上海至厦门航线的价格在6折580元左右。

Based on the Arcview platform and compiling programs by ourselves, the DLPM of urban area of Jinan in 1998 and 2001 is established. The main conclusions are: 1 general trend of land price is reduction from central base point to urban edge, but there are different characteristics in different direction; 2 from one edge to another, land price shows low-high-low, and its sections through urban areas show normal school and deflection normal school; 3 land price evolutes with time, concaveness land price terrace changes little or gentle or protruding, and protuberant land price terrace changes little or not, price terrace or big or gentle; 4 the increasing potential of price is analyzed by the increasing rate and increasing speed of land price.

分析数字地价模型得出结论：①地价从中心基点向城市边缘总趋势是降低，但不同方向表现出不同的特点；②在贯穿市区的地价剖面中，一般表现为从一个边缘到另一个边缘的地价由低到高再到低的变化规律，由於地价剖面经过不同的市区区位，呈现出正态和偏正态的分布特点；③在时间演化上，凹性地价阶地变小或变平缓，凹性地价阶地转变为凸性地价阶地，凸性地价阶地变小或转化为非地价阶地，凸性地价阶地变大或平缓；④利用地价增值率和地价增值速度分析了地价的增值潜力。

On the other hand, as illustrated in Picture B and D, the price drop would become material objects' price drop because of the continuous flow syphonage capital. Pictures stood by Picture B and D can become anti-syphonage theory pictures. The syphonage pictures and anti-syphonage pictures can simply stand for two converse investment opportunities. Under normal situations, commodity's syphonage capital flow can demonstrate a slow increasing situation in the long run. But the situation is usually affected by supply-and-demand situation in the middle and short run. Especially in the type of gurantee sum exchange, the supply-and-demand situation is a major factor affecting commodity price even in a price dominated market. The commodity's ultimate price will comparatively alter when the outer influence changes, and sometimes the price may change to a completely converse direction as expected. In case of the above case, we need to observe and research the influential factors. However the research is not like the Butterfly Theory research on slight variables. Syphonage theory deems that if continuous observance extends more than a certain percentage, such as 10% influential factor, and we continue researching, immediately putting 10% influential factors into research scale, we could finish the all-round research on commodity price analysis.

其中，图A和C表示的图形我们成为正向虹吸图形，B和D代表的图形成为反向虹吸理论图形，这种正向虹吸图形和反向虹吸图形分别可以简单代表两种相反的投机机会，在正常情况下，商品的这种虹吸资金流从远期看会表现出缓慢的上升走势，但在中短期，走势经常受到供求关系影响，特别在保证金交易的品种中，即使是价格操纵的市场中，供求关系也是影响商品价格的主要因素，这种以供求关系为主导的市场中，虹吸终值并不是一成不变的，在外在影响因素发生变化时，商品终值也会相应变化，有时甚至会改变到和预期截然相反的方向，这就需要我们经常对相关影响因素进行跟踪和研究，这种研究并不象蝴蝶理论分析的微小变动因素，虹吸理论认为只要连续跟踪超过一定权重，比如10％影响权重的因素，并持续研究，及时将超过10％影响因素事件纳入调查范围，既可完成对商品价格分析的全面性探索。

This paper endogens carbon tax and subsidy two variables, discussing how to decide the optimal level of carbon tax and subsidy. The results of the research are obtained as the following:(1) price and capital subsidy which one is priority depend on the productivity of renewable energy capital, if productivity is high enough, then should adopt capital subsidy policy;(2) price and capital subsidy indeed exist trade-off and non-independent relationship;(3) renewable energy regulation ratio has negative effect on carbon tax, however has positive effect on price subsidy;(4) green certificate price increase will result in decrease carbon tax and price subsidy, but increase capital subsidy;(5) if the authority loose the environmental target, then should impose high carbon tax which maintains the environmental quality, but have ambiguous effect on subsidy policy;(6) increasing stability of renewable energy, then increase price subsidy, however, under budget constraint should decrease capital subsidy;(7) analyzing Taiwan's three wind power energy with different price subsidy, which can improve the technology of wind power energy. In another word, it can raise the capacity of wind power energy and reach the goal of renewable energy.

本文考量政府预算限制下，探讨最适碳税税率与补贴率订定之问题，获得如下发现：(1)发电量补贴与资本补贴对促进再生能源发展效果不一样，决定於再生能源资本的生产力，如果资本生产力足够高，则发电量补贴效果较佳；反之，则应优先采行资本补贴措施；(2)发电量补贴与资本补贴的确存在抵换而非独立关系，亦即在政府预算限制下，为促进再生能源发展，应将种种补贴措施整合考量，以最低行政成本达到再生能源发展目标；(3)再生能源管制配比与碳税税率及资本补贴率呈反向变化关系；而与发电量补贴呈正向关系；(4)绿色权证交易制度具促进再生能源管制目标达到之奖励效果，因此，绿色权证价格提高可降低发电量补贴及碳税税率，降低碳税对经济不利冲击效果；(5)政府如果采行较宽松环境目标，宜提高碳税税率，避免环境品质进一步恶化，然而，对发电量或资本补贴之影响效果不确定；(6)再生能源发电效率愈高，则应提高再生能源发电补贴，在预算限制下，应降低再生能源资本补贴；(7)透过台湾三座风力机组的实证分析，采取差异性发电量补贴，将可诱导较高效率风力机组的投资行为，提高整体风力发电效率，达到再生能源发展之目标。

Comparisons between market performance under auction mechanisms and that under market maker mechanisms are made in terms of liquidity, stability, efficiency and transparency. The comparative results show that certain price formation mechanics integrated with specific market environment can affect market performance. The results of the test that is used to verify the liquidity of security market in China indicate that current price formation mechanics can provide the securities market with better liquidity. But the fixation of the minimum changing price lowers the liquidity of the market factitiously and close call auction mechanisms result in increased price fluctuation and price manipulation. Through the analysis on the competitive strategy of securities market, the objects and principles of the design of price formation mechanisms are established.

本文推导出了竞价机制和市商机制下证券市场的均衡价格，结果表明不同的价格形成机制对资产的真实价格有着不同的反映；从证券市场的流动性、稳定性、有效性和透明度等四个方面分别对竞价机制和做市商机制下的市场绩效进行了比较分析，结果表明一定的价格形成机制和特定的市场环境相结合就会对市场绩效产生不同的影响；通过对我国证券市场的流动性进行实证检验，发现当前我国证券市场价格形成机制能够为市场提供较好的流动性，但固定的最小变动价位人为地降低了市场流动性，并且封闭式的开盘集合竞价导致价格波动加大和市场操纵。

The article applies GIS technology to monitor appearance to nod information to be a foundation with price on the foundation of traditional research technique, build price to distributing through TIN and price of spot of the appearance that monitor three-dimensional model, apply inside insert price isopleth to pursue the overlay that allows price base map with foundation with the city comes the change of range of price of macroscopical analysis city, cause the cause that the value changes, for the government efficient and reasonable use land to provide a basis.

本文在传统研究方法的基础上运用GIS技术以地价监测样点信息为基础，通过TIN和监测样点地价建立地价分布三维模型，运用内插地价等值线图与城市用地基准地价底图的叠加来宏观分析城市地价面的变化，引起价格变化的原因，为政府高效合理利用土地提供依据。

The notarial deed that Baidu refers is reached to flow is being registered on net of user of system of rank contest price " Baidu user serves a contract (Baidu contest price ranks a contract)" content undertook notarization, the proof registers system of rank contest price successfully to must be nodded anthology " I already was read declare and accept Baidu user to serve a contract " option, and appellee yellow dimension gets referred Baidu to open mail and rank of Baidu contest price to manage a system to print show its had become what rank of Baidu contest price serves to register an user, accordingly " Baidu contest price ranks a contract " the component that relevant content should make bilateral right obligation concern.

百度提交的公证书对排名竞价系统用户网上注册流程及《百度用户服务合同》的内容进行了公证，证明成功注册排名竞价系统必须点选"我已阅读申明并接受百度用户服务合同"选项，而被上诉人黄维领提交的百度开通邮件以及百度竞价排名管理系统打印件表明其已经成为百度竞价排名服务的注册用户，因此《百度竞价排名合同》的相关内容应成为双方权利义务关系的组成部分。

Objective To study the effect of chitosan in the prevention of fibrous scar formation in the epidural space after laminectomy.

目的 观察选择性脊神经后根切除术椎板切除后硬膜外几种防瘢痕粘连物质的作用并探讨其机制。

On his way to the lift, he looked back to us or was it me his eyes pointing?

当他要进电梯时，他回头看我们（或者说是我，他的眼光？