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Cognitive enhancement therapy is described as an integrated approach to the enhancement of neurocognitive and social cognitive abilities, which attempts to capitalize on a presumed neuroplasticity reserve believed to respond to enriched cognitive experiences. It is used as a recovery-phase intervention for symptomatically stable schizophrenic outpatients who are socially and cognitively disabled despite reduced risk of relapse.

认知丰富疗法被形容为一种整合丰富神经认知与社会认知能力的方法，这个方法的目的在利用一种被认为会对丰富认知经验产生反应的假设性神经可塑性；这被用於尽管有复发的可能性，但是在社会上与认知上是失能的有症状稳定精神分裂病患，作为恢复期的介入性治疗。

We found that, in the ventral tegmental area of anesthetized rats, the population of presumed dopamine neurons that are excited by aversive stimuli is actually not dopaminergic.

作者发现在麻醉大鼠的腹侧被盖区中被推测对令人厌恶刺激产生反应的多巴胺能神经元群体实际上不是多巴胺能的。

From the division of responsibilities of view, the monetary policy by the Central Bank to guide this window, it was presumed, because CBRC associated with the commercial banks more direct, to achieve "instant" results, or for the central bank to avoid sensitive tidehead, CBRC representative of the monetary policy the central bank window guidance functions.

从职责分工看，货币政策的窗口指导本应由中央银行进行，因此人们推测，由于银监会与商业银行的联系更为直接，为了达到&立竿见影&的效果，或也为使央行避开敏感潮头，银监会代表央行行使货币政策窗口指导的职能。

Tension increased still further when Scar reappeared. He hadn't been spotted for some time and was presumed dead. He had in fact joined forces with two of his young sons pushed out by the Topi males two years before.Scar didn't stay around long, the Ridge males were repelled and stability returned.

紧张气氛一直在增加，知道老斯卡尔再次出现，他并没有死，事实上，他和自己的两个被Tpoi雄狮赶走的儿子组成了联盟，他并没有在附近呆很久，Ridge兄弟最终被赶走了。

For example, it is often presumed that cardiac ascites is a transudate when this is rarely the case, ascitic protein is .25 g/l in up to 30% of patients with otherwise uncomplicated cirrhosis,32 40–43 and patients with cirrhosis and tuberculous ascites may have a low ascitic protein.44 The serum ascites-albumin gradient is far superior in categorising ascites with 97% accuracy (table 1).42 45 46 It is calculated as

如通常假定心源性腹水为漏出液而这其实非常少见，在达30％的没有并发症的肝硬化病人中腹水蛋白＞25g/L，32，40-43有肝硬化和结核腹水的病人也可能腹水蛋白很低。44血清腹水-白蛋白梯度在腹水分类时有更高的优越性，准确率达97%（表1）。42，45-46计算方式如下

In summary, we identified firstly that existence and distribution of JA and NOS in guard cell; presumed that the direct transport of JA from unwounded tissue to wounded site could account for the increase of JA after leaf wounding, and involved stomatal closure, and proposed a possible pathway of JA involved in regulating stomatal movemnts as follows: The production of NO stimulated by JA triggers the increases of cytosolic Ca〓 concentration, subsequently activate other downstream reactions and eventually induces stomatal closure.

本研究中我们首次确认了气孔保卫细胞中JA和NOS的存在和分布；伤引起的JA运输和分配的变化可能参与对气孔运动的调控，并提出JA调控气孔运动信号转导的一条可能途径：JA引起NO含量的增加，经第二信使Ca〓的作用及其下游事件，最终诱导气孔关闭。

"On March 7, 2007, the Chicago Department of Public Health and the University of Chicago Pediatric Infectious Disease Service and Infection Control Program notified of a child with presumed eczema vaccinatum..., a life-threatening complication of vaccinia virus infection," write J. Marcinak, MD, from the University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital, in Chicago, Illinois, and colleagues."This case highlights the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion when evaluating recently vaccinated patients and their family members with vesiculopustular rash."

J。 Marcinak医师及研究同仁指出，2007年3月7日，芝加哥市公共卫生部和芝加哥大学小儿科传染病行政部暨传染控制计划单位，向美国疾病管制局通报了一名儿童推测是感染了疫苗性湿疹，一种致命的牛痘病毒感染并发症；此病例突显出，临床医师在评估近期施打疫苗的患者和其长有水疱与脓疱的家人时，应保持高度警觉性之必要性；Marcinak医师服务於伊利诺州芝加哥市芝加哥大学Comer儿童医院。

The results indicated that immobilized E2 protein remarkably raises the level of phosphorate-tyrosine in Raji cells , but the soluble E2 protein hasn't obvious impact to phosphorylation of tyrosine of Raji cell. It was presumed that immobilized E2 protein was resembled to natural viron enveloped E2 protein and may more efficiently interact with CD81 molecule.

这可能是因为固相化的E2蛋白类似天然的病毒颗粒，在构象上要更接近于天然的病毒颗粒表面E2蛋白，而且固相化后的E2蛋白在单位体积的密度要高于可溶性的E2蛋白单位体积的密度，使其能够更充分的与细胞表面的CD81分子相互接触作用。

Type II cells were mainly distributed in layer V of cortex. It appeared that these cells receive the CRF immunostaining fibers terminals afferent from other cells rather than synthesize CRF by themselves. It is probable that type II cells receive afferent fibers from both extracortex and type I cells within layers II -III cortex. Considered that Type I cells morphologically are inhibitory interneuron, we presumed that type I in layer II -III could inhibit activity of type II cells in layer V.

CRF阳性Ⅱ型细胞主要分布在皮层第Ⅴ层，形态学特征显示这类细胞更像是接收来自其它神经元的CRF纤维投射而非自身分泌CRF，证据显示Ⅱ-Ⅲ层CRF神经元纤维可进入第Ⅴ层，考虑到皮层的CRF神经元形态上为抑制性中间神经元，这些结果提示Ⅱ-Ⅲ层CRF神经元能够抑制第Ⅴ层神经元的活动。

However, fully consideration of special structure and physiological function of CRP is critical to investigate whether CRP provide protect effect or pathogenic effect in the progression of atherosclerosis. CRP is a member of pentrxins family, which consists of five identical, noncovalently associated 23-kDa protomers arranged symmetrically around a central pore with a 102 A external diameter. Each protomer has a recognition face with a phosphocholine binding site consisting of two coordinated calcium ions adjacent to a hydrophobic pocket. The opposite face of the pentamer is the effector face, where complement Clq binds and Fc receptors are presumed to bind. A cleft extends from the center of the protomer to the central pore of the pentamer. Both faces ofpentamer form a special bi-phase structure: one face is the ligand recognition phase, which can recognize apoptosis cells and enzyme modified low density lipoprotein in which PCh is exposed.

CRP是一种五聚体蛋白，外径为102 A，由5个相同的单体以非共价键结合，形成双面的环形结构，每个单体的配体识别位点或受体结合位点分别位于五聚体两个平面上，分别组成配体识别相和效应器相，从而构成特殊的二相性结构：一面为配体识别相，含有磷酸胆碱(phosphorycholine，PCh)结合位点，能够使CRP识别在病理条件下暴露出PCh的凋亡细胞、酶修饰低密度脂蛋白(enzyme modified low density lipoprotein，E-LDL)等。E-LDL是天然低密度脂蛋白(native Low density lipoprotein，N-LDL)在多种蛋白酶，如胰蛋白酶、神经氨酸酶、胆固醇酯酶等作用下的代谢产物，其主要特点是结构发生改变(N-LDL大小均匀，平均直径250±30 A，E-LDL大小差异极大，直径为100-2000 A)，暴露磷酸胆碱位点，能够被CRP识别；另一面为效应器相，能够与巨噬细胞、单核细胞表面受体FcγRⅡa结合，介导巨噬细胞、单核细胞识别及吞噬凋亡、坏死细胞作用。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。