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According to the measured pressure data of the four-stroke small utility gasoline engine, the cyclical variations of the maximum pressure, the crank shaft angle at the maximum pressure, the mean indicated pressure and the largest pressure rise rate were analyzed. Meanwhile, the influences of ignition advance angle, load and rotation speed on cyclical variation were also investigated.

根据实测小型通用四冲程汽油机气缸压力，分析了最大爆发压力、最大爆发压力所对应曲轴转角、平均指示压力以及最大压力升高率等参数的循环波动特性，以及点火提前角、负荷和发动机转速对循环波动的影响。

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

The gauge is formed by a bourdon tube pressure gauge and a adjustable resistance transmitter. When the pressure is changing, the tube end deformed, and the pointer is toshow the pressure value through the driving system, at the same time, the brush is slippingon the resistance to transmit the pressure values to resistant values, which is transmited tothe secondary gauge to show the relative pressure value.

仪表由一个弹簧管压力表和一个滑线电阻式传感器组成，当被测压力变化时，弹簧管端产生位移，一方面通过传动系统使指针在度盘上指示相应压力，另一方面带动电刷在电阻上滑行，使被测压力值的变化转换为电阻值的变化，并传至二次仪表上指示相应的压力。

The gauge is formed by a bourdon tube pressure gauge a adjustable resistance transmitter. When the pressure is changing, the tube end deformed, the pointer is toshow the pressure value through the driving system, at the same time, the brush is slippingon the resistance to transmit the pressure values to resistant values, which is transmited tothe secondary gauge to show the relative pressure value.

仪表由一个弹簧管压力表和一个滑线电阻式传感器组成，当被测压力变化时，弹簧管端产生位移，一方面通过传动系统使指针在度盘上指示相应压力，另一方面带动电刷在电阻上滑行，使被测压力值的变化转换为电阻值的变化，并传至二次仪表上指示相应的压力。

At the same time, combining with the actual condition of delivery pipeline of our country and some prevalent leak detection and location methods, this paper raised a method, which is based on wavelet analysis and negative- pressure-wave to detect and locate the leakage. Jobs in the paper are as follows:As affected by gas density, pressure, specific heat and pipe material, the velocity of negative-pressure-wave improved depending on the energy conservation. At one time, taking the affection of velocity of gas flow, the location formula was modified in some degree.When locating the leaks with location formula, the iterative approach algorithm was adopted as a new method to increase the location accuracy level of system.Multi-scale decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet transform is utilized to filter the noise of negative-pressure-wave, which was brought by leakage. With the capacity to detect the signal singularity fast and accurately, wavelet transform was used to catch the break point of pressure signal. The work improved the accuracy of At in location formula, accordingly improved the location accuracy.Wavelet is a suitable tool for signal analysis. The distinct character is that the mother-wavelet is of optional. That means choosing different mother-wavelet will get different analysis result. So we studied how to choose mother-wavelet and its scale for signal singularity detection. The method is to choose a wavelet by regularities of the wavelet and the signal.Finally, a plan, which bases on SCADA system for inspection and detection of natural gas leakage, is proposed in the article.

其中，主要进行了以下几方面的工作：针对泄漏产生的负压波在管道中的传播速度受媒介的密度、压力、比热及材质等因素的影响，而非声波在空气中传播的速度，本文利用能量守恒原理，对其进行了修正；考虑到管内气体流速对压力波速的影响，对原始的负压波定位公式进行了一定程度的改进，并在利用定位公式进行泄漏点定位时采用逐步迭代逼近算法，提高了系统的定位精度；利用小波变换的多分辨率分解和重构技术，对采集到的管道发生泄漏时产生的负压波信号进行了降噪处理；并利用小波变换技术对信号奇异点的快速、准确的识别能力，对经上述消噪后的负压波信号进行了奇异点捕捉，精确捕捉的结果提高了定位公式中上下游站点采集到的负压波奇异点的时间差△t的精度，从而进一步提高了定位的精度；考虑到小波变换是一种基波可变的信号分析工具，也就是说，不同的小波基波对信号分析的结果将有很大差别，这势必影响最终的处理结果，因此，我们又对比分析了本课题中小波基及尺度的选择问题，依据规则性系数相似性原理对母小波的选择进行了探索性研究；最后，还提出了基于SCADA的泄漏检测与定位系统的软件开发构想及系统的嵌入方案。

Plastic should lower 3 steps, because plastic is a step to add melt resin material to cyclinder , Higher stick of resin material ,higher screw back pressure. Screw speed differs depending on decomposing temperature of resin material ,Higher screw speed ,Higher trim force of resin, higher cyclinder temperature. Some resin material may decomposes so it set screw speed in mid-speed such as 45-75%, In plastic step setting screw back pressure is very important, Higher screw back pressure ,higher quality of product screw back pressure make resin structure order, Molding product is beautiful and volume stable. But ,it maybe flow if screw back pressure too high .

再复杂的熔胶旋转过程最多不会超过三段，因为熔胶本身就是存在于把胶熔进料筒的过程，半夜盗汗897就去播播Z如果原料粘度大，熔胶压力则大，但速度则应取决于原料的分解温度，熔胶速度越快，原料中的剪切力则会越大，料管温度则越高，局部原料产生分解的可能性则会越大，故一般熔胶会采用中速为宜，如45%-75%，熔胶同时会碰到一个比较重要的环节，那就是背压的使用，产品精度要求越大，背压的使用则更大，背压可使原料分子间结构更紧密，成型出的产品则尺寸更稳定，外观越好。

Based on the item of national high technology development project, the thesis studies the reasonable construction pattern of the tunnel portal, incidence of the micro-pressure wave and the the effect of bell-mouthed hood, lacunaris hood and expansile hood on alleviating the micro-pressure wave in the situations of single line and double line, obtains the relationship between the max micro-pressure wave and the velocity of the train as well as the relationship between the max micro-pressure wave and distance of measuring point at the velocity of 100km/h-550km/h, compares the different alleviative effect of the three different hood to max micro-pressure wave and finally proposes the reasonable construction pattern of the tunnel portal.

本文针对国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)课题"磁浮交通沪杭线越黄浦江隧道的工程技术问题研究"，在单洞单线和单洞双线两种工况下，对隧道洞口的合理结构形式和影响范围，以及洞口喇叭形入口缓冲段、多孔壁入口缓冲段以及隧道出口膨胀室对减缓微压波的作用进行了研究，得到了磁浮列车速度在100km/h～550km/h时隧道出口微压波最大值与速度的关系以及微压波最大值与测点距离的关系，比较了三种不同形式缓冲结构对微压波最大值的减缓效果，提出了隧道洞口的合理结构形式。

The results showed that the pressure and pressure derivative of non-newtonian fluid is higher than newtonian one;The power index is more smaller,the pressure and pressure derivative is more higher;The effect of skin factor on transient was different from that of power index;The storativity ratio and inter-porosity flow factor is just same as the newtonian fluid,and the effect of outer-boundary on transient pressure is different from that of newtonian fluid.

结果表明，非牛顿流体的压力及压力导数都明显高于牛顿流体；幂律流指数越小则压力和压力导数越大；表皮系数和非牛顿流体幂律流指数对压力响应的影响有着明显的不同；而弹性储容比和窜流系数的影响和普通三重介质相同，只是由于非牛顿流体的影响其"凹陷"的位置升高；外边界的影响也和牛顿流体的情况明显不同。

The optimum reaction conditions were found finally. The results showed that the suitable conditions are under methanol solvent reaction temperature 40℃,the concentration of catalyzer TS-1 0.6%.,reaction time 60 minutes,propylene pressure 0.4Mpa under methanol solvent.Under Supercritical fluid system,the reaction temperature was 33.7℃(supercritical and near critical temperature),the reaction pressure was 7.58Mpa(near critical pressure and critical pressure range. propylene ), propylene pressure 0.65Mpa, reaction time 45min, cosolvent molality 4%.

而超临界体系下反(来源：4e56ABC论文网www.abclunwen.com)应温度适宜在近超临界和临界温度(33.7℃)以上，反应压力也是接近临界压力或者处于临界压力范围(7.58Mpa)，丙烯压力是0.65Mpa，反应时间45min，共溶剂甲醇摩尔浓度4%，在此反应条件下，反应的转化率98%，选择性96%，收率94%，与传统条件相比较，收率提高了20%左右。

The results showed that,the sound pressure level increased significantly when narrow transverse groove was used;the effect of speed on the sound pressure level was greater than loading;the noise of S-shaped straight groove was lower,and the difference of sound pressure level between positive and negative rotation was small;the sound pressure level of 15° oblique groove was higher than 0° and 15° alternate groove,but the difference of sound pressure level between positive and negative rotation of 0° and 15° alternate groove was bigger.

结果表明，无论加刻什么类型的横向细沟槽，声压级都大幅升高；速度对声压级的影响程度大于负荷；在3种类型的横向细沟槽中，S形直沟槽噪声较小，且正、反转时声压级差异小；15°斜沟槽声压级较0°与15°交替排列沟槽略高，但0°与15°交替排列沟槽的正转和反转声压级差异较大。关键词：轮胎；轮胎噪声；胎面花纹；横向细沟槽中图分类号：TQ336.1；TB533+。2文献标识码：B文章编号：1006-8171(2009)

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。