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Suppression of recombination is the prerequisite for plant sex chromosome evolution from a pair of autosomes. Recombination suppression around the locus controlling sex determination results in sex chromosome degeneration and differentiation.

重组抑制是植物性染色体由常染色体进化而来的前提条件，性别决定位点区域发生的重组抑制使早期的性染色体发生了退化和分化。

JA is a crucial signal molecule in inducing cambia to differentiate the secondary laticifer, and a local high level of JA in cooperating with other plant hormones, especially cytokinin, is prerequisite for the secondary laticifer differentiation.

研究表明，茉莉酸是诱导乳管分化的关键信号分子，局部高水平的茉莉酸是诱导维管形成层细胞分化次生乳管所必需的，同时需要其它激素的协同作用。

Having a prerequisite of 5 points spent in Improved Scorch and 20 points spent in Fire talents, this spell combusts the fire vulnerability of its victim and causes 725 damage over 12 seconds.

需要5点灼烧强化和20点火系天赋，这个法术对目标在12秒造成725伤害。

In some cases, additional prerequisite coursework may be required depending on the student's background.

在某些情况下，额外的先决条件课程可能需要根据学生的背景。

While agreeing on the necessity and significance of quantitative analysis, it employs related theories of resource and enviromental economies, accepts as its prerequisite the exitance of scenic resource value, and attempts to account the scenic resource value using specific methods, so that quantitative analysis and qualitative accounting can be effectively combined to produce a more scientific evaluation system.

新的评价体系使抽象的定性分析与具象的定量核算相互补充、相互作用，从而全面客观的反映资源的价值。

The talent will now be a prerequisite for the fire tree's Cold Burn talent which requires three points in it.

这个天赋现在是火系天赋寒冷灼伤的前置天赋，需要3个天赋点。

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL LAW is a specialty course designed for fourth-year undergraduates with MONETARY BANKING as its prerequisite.

本课程在法学院国际经济法专业本科四年级的教学计划中，是集法律理论和业务知识于一体的必修专业课。

There are many serious misleading in how to apply the principle of "fraud exception", whereas, it is necessary to make a legal research on the principle of "fraud exception" in light of former researches. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author put emphasis on the principle of abstract independence, the definition, the establishment and development of the principle of fraud exception, the analysis of the fraud, the theory, the prerequisite and the procedure of apply the principle of "fraud exception" in order to establish the general principle and necessary procedure. In the second part, the author analysis the existing backward conditions oflegislation and judicial practice in China, and courts" attitude to the judicial remedy for the principle of " fraud exception", further, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to make the legislation on the principle of "fraud exception" perfect, and how to apply the procedure of judicial remedy for the principle of "fraud exception". Lastly, the author hopes that these suggestions could benefit to the judicial practice and the future legislation on the principle of "fraud exception.

我国在加入世界贸易组织后，按照国际惯例和国际公约处理国际贸易中的纠纷己成为一种必然趋势，鉴于我国法院对如何准确适用信用证欺诈例外原则存在着严重误区，使得在先前学者研究的基础上再一次研究欺诈例外原则很有必要，本文分两个部分，第一部分对信用证独立抽象原则、信用证欺诈例外原则的定义、确立与发展、对例外原则下欺诈的分析、理论基础、适用条件以及程序等六方面展开论述，从而确立信用证欺诈例外原则的一般原则和必要的程序：第二部分主要分析我国司法实践中信用证欺诈例外原则司法救济的立法以及司法现状，及法院对欺诈例外原则的态度，从而对如何完善我国法院欺诈例外原则的法律依据以及如何正确适用欺诈例外原则的司法救济程序提出一些构思，希望为欺诈例外原则在我国的司法实践以及为以后的相应立法提供有益的参考。

These features, along with high-precision processing technologies have helped to miniaturise these products. The micropump is 6.0mm in diameter and 24.0mm in length, the microvalve measures 3.5mm in diameter and 10.3mm in length. The products are small but ensure high functionality by incorporating fluid, structure and magnetic field analysis simulations. Development will contribute to enhanced miniaturisation, an indispensable prerequisite for portable device fuel cells. Through the optimal design of diaphragm operations, valve configuration to prevent fluid backflow, materials and layout, Alps has achieved the effective control of larger amounts of fluid in a smaller chassis for its micropump. The unit also employs low-voltage electromagnetic drive systems, which contribute to easy control and fuel cell system engineering.

这 2002：机床，入世是挑战更是机遇专家指出要加大我国数控机床研发力度加快普及型数控机床的发展漫话中国机床制造业的服务竞争中国铣床和加工中心市场的现状和展望国内外车床的技术水平和发展方向世界加工中心的生产、需求和发展动向国内外机床发展趋势世界数控系统发展趋势切削加工技术和数控机床的发展现代机床产品技术发展趋势我国高速加工技术现状及发展趋势利用先进制造技术提升汽车活塞加工水平瓶盖及瓶口模具上特殊螺纹的数控车削深孔的螺纹加工数控车床螺纹切削方法分析与应用磨削蜗杆砂轮的修整精密零件多台阶面磨削的新方法曲轴连杆颈的跟踪磨削工艺

Man\'s subjectivity is the basic prerequisite of moral thinking, with his moral practice supplying objective groundings.

认为原始思维作为人类道德思维的萌芽，为人类道德思维发生发展莫定了基砂。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。