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The handworker counting consists of several aspects, included preliminary selection of member size, counting model of frame, loads counting, lateral displacement counting of transverse frame, internal force analysis of horizontal loads and vertical loads, internal force combinations, design of section, check design of the foundation.

其中手算部分计算书的主要内容为构件尺寸的初步确定、框架的计算简图、荷载横向侧移计算、框架在水平及坚向荷载作用的内力分析和计算、内力组合、截面设计及基础设计。

Justice is the priority and preliminary requirement for cooperative actions between different countries, different areas and different nationalities.

第二，环境问题具有公共性，环境问题的解决需要人类共同的行动，而公平又是统一行动的前提。

At the same time, combined the result of the TSP for the country rock mass of the tunnel, the stability analysis and preliminary appraisal of the country rock mass are carried out here.

同时，结合TSP手段对隧道围岩的探测成果，对隧道区域的工程地质条件和围岩稳定性进行了分析和初步评价。

He proved that the left ward turning of Yangtze river diluted water is mainly resulted from the interaction between the bottom declining and the lag of the transversal pressure gradient, made the numerical simulation and preliminary study on the thermohaline staircase structure formation mechanism, improved American Academician Wunsch's inverse method of ocean circulation, jointed the discover of " Mindanao Under Current", which is the first ocean current found and named by Chinese scientists and widely accepted over the world, simulated the horizontal and vertical carbon fluxes in East China Sea by a simple ecosystem model, estimated the photosynthesis efficiency less than 8% in Jiaozhou Bay, applied statistical downscaling technology to Chinese coast and Japanese islands realizing the simulation and forecast of sea level low frequency variations, pointed out that the quasi-periodicity of El Nino events should be resulted from the interaction between the 3~4 year oscillation in tropical Pacific and decadal oscillation in the northern Pacific of middle latitudes of the air-sea coupled climate system and at decadal time scale the precipitation influence on sea level variation along Chinese coast and Japanese islands becomes more important, which is closely related to the decadal oscillation of air-sea coupled climate system, therefore precipitation most likely play a major role for the decadal oscillation formation;; proposed Extended Associate Pattern Analysis to analyse combined observed datasets of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure or geopotential hight at 1000 hPa (GH1000) over the Pacific and related seas.

论证了长江冲淡水向左转向主要由于底形下倾与横向压力梯度滞后相互作用的结果。对温盐阶梯结构的形成过程及物理机制进行了数值模拟与初步探讨。改进了美国科学院院士Wunsch的大洋环流反演法。与胡敦欣院士共同发现了"棉兰老潜流"，这是第一支由中国科学家发现、命名并得到普遍承认的洋流。借助较为简单的生态模式数值模拟了东海的水平与垂直碳通量；胶州湾浮游植物的屏蔽效应可以使底层海水温度在升温季节降低2度，由此推算出其光合作用的效率应小于8%；浮游植物春季水华的生物过程实际上强化了海水层化的物理过程。将统计学降尺度技术应用于日本列岛和我国沿海，实现了海平面长周期变化的模拟与预报。

The preliminary results of searching for steady TeV gamma ray emissions from Crab Nebula with these data were presented in this paper.

报道了利用Tibet Ⅱ在1995年10月至1997年9月、HD阵列在1997年2月至8月收集的数据寻找来自蟹状星云方向的10TeV和3TeVγ射线稳定发射的初步结果。

First,inspected Zhang Tianyi novel's practical pursue and the criticalness strengthens,he can always adhere to the spirit of realism,and integrates own life to realize from experience,entrusts with its meaning of the times,has affected the new writers' creative thinking,and find a new way for the left-wing literature being forward;next, Zhang Tianyi profited from some theatrical creation factor to realize its satire intention,has had the important influence to the 1930's satire literatures,expanded its influence,urged the satire literature to move towards flourishing;Once again, Zhang Tianyi novel's modernity search has made the preliminary conformity and the standard to Modern Chinese Literature's modernity reforming regards the realism ideological trend in China's changing,its modernity value and the significance, were urging the literature powerfully in 1930's to modernized forward.

首先，考察了张天翼小说的写实性追求和批判性强化，他能够始终坚持写实的精神，并融入自己的生命体悟，赋予其时代的意义，影响了新文学作家的创作思维，为正在前进中的左翼文学找到了新的路向；其次，张天翼借鉴了一些戏剧性的创作因素来实现其讽刺的意图，对30年代的讽刺文学产生了重要影响，扩大了其影响，促使着讽刺文学逐渐走向繁兴；再次，张天翼小说的现代性探求对中国现代文学的现代性转型做出了初步的整合和规范来看待现实主义思潮在中国的流变，其所具有的现代性价值与意义，有力地促使着文学在1930年代向现代化的迈进。

Using male sterile make crossbreed is the best way of hybrid seed production,and have achieved some success,but in seed yield and production of three-line there are still many problems and shortcomings,in particular, In China,the male sterile technology is still in the preliminary study stage.

采用雄性不育系生产杂交种是种子生产中最好的方法，一直受到苜蓿育种工作者的重视，并取得了一些成绩，但在种子产量和三系配套生产中还存在很多问题和不足，特别在我国，不育系杂交制种技术还处于初步研究阶段。

In the paper the authors focus on a preliminary evaluation of magnetite and cupreous magnetite at Sangqiongle and specularite at Liema.

重点对桑穷勒磁铁矿，含铜磁铁矿及列马镜铁矿进行了初步评价。

In this paper,a new method of using cyclic temperature difference for the viability evaluation was proposed,and preliminary experiments were performed to demonstrate the new approach.

本文提出了循环温差法测定生物组织活性的新方法，并进行了初步的实验研究，给出了定量评价生物组织活性的数学关联式。

The preliminary design of the cyclotron cavity will serve for the further physical and engineering design.

回旋加速器腔体的初步设计结果将用於最终物理设计和工程设计。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。